In the 2012 President's Budget Request, the National Biological Information Infrastructure (NBII) is terminated. As a result, all resources, databases, tools, and applications within this web site will be removed on January 15, 2012. For more information, please refer to the NBII Program Termination page.

Featured Resources

Butterflies and Moths of North America

Butterflies and Moths of North America is an interactive, searchable, and updateable web-enabled database of butterfly and moth information. Data contained therein include distribution maps, species accounts, photographs, and checklists of species by U.S. county or by Mexican state. Go directly to the web site, or learn more about this project.

blue butterflyThe Children's Butterfly Site is an educational opportunity for all ages. Investigate a butterfly's transformation during metamorphosis, browse images of species from across the globe, or print coloring book pages. Learn all about these magnificent creatures by reading answers to the extensive frequently asked questions.

Invertebrates as Pollinators

A hummingbird clearwing moth (Hemaris thysbe). [Photo: Bruce Marlin, www.cirrusimage.com.]
A hummingbird clearwing moth (Hemaris thysbe). [Photo: Bruce Marlin, www.cirrusimage.com.]

Invertebrates, such as ants, bees, wasps, beetles, butterflies, moths, flies, mosquitoes, and midges all act as pollinators.

Learn more about invertebrate pollinators.

Learn more about other pollinators and pollination.

Invertebrates of the Pacific Northwest Region

Damselfly
Damselfly
[Photo: Kevin Jackson, National Park Service]




Invertebrates are animals that lack a backbone or spinal column. This diverse group includes insects, mollusks, crustaceans, worms, and similar organisms. Invertebrates are found in freshwater and marine environments as well as in terrestrial habitats. Invertebrates that depend on freshwater ecosystems such as lakes, rivers, streams and ponds are called freshwater invertebrates. By contrast, terrestrial invertebrates are species that live entirely on land and do not depend on aquatic ecosystems to complete any phase of their life cycle.

One hundred and forty-five invertebrate species have been identified in state wildlife action plans as Species of Greatest Conservation Need (GCN) for the Pacific Northwest Region, which includes Idaho, Oregon, and Washington. The Pacific Northwest Species of Greatest Conservation Need interactive application brings together resources on these 145 GCN invertebrate species and other GCN taxa from multiple authoritative sources including the Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS) and NatureServe.



Greenish Blue [Photo: Copyright, Paul Opler]Butterflies and Moths
Learn about butterflies and moths and explore additional resources for the region, for North America, for kids, and for teachers.


So Many Invertebrates

Under the modern system of classification, there is no one unified group of invertebrates. All invertebrate animals belong to the Kingdom Animalia, and there are more than thirty phlya (singular phlyum) that contain invertebrates. Invertebrates are grouped together by this common term not because they share features in common, but largely because of what they lack: a backbone or vertebrae.

All of these phyla are considered to be invertebrates:

Phylum Acanthocephala Phylum Annelida Phylum Arthropoda
Phylum Brachiopoda Phylum Chaetognatha Phylum Cnidaria
Phylum Ctenophora Phylum Cycliophora Phylum Echinodermata
Phylum Echiura Phylum Ectoprocta Phylum Entoprocta
Phylum Gastrotricha Phylum Gnathostomulida Phylum Hemichordata
Phylum Kinorhyncha Phylum Loricifera Phylum Mesozoa
Phylum Mollusca Phylum Nematoda Phylum Nematomorpha
Phylum Nemertea Phylum Onychophora Phylum Pentastoma
Phylum Placozoa Phylum Platyhelminthes Phylum Pogonophora
Phylum Porifera Phylum Priapula Phylum Rotifera
Phylum Phoronida Phylum Sipuncula Phylum Tardigrada

Authoritative taxonomic information on plants, animals, fungi, and microbes of North America and the world can be explored using the Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS), a partner of the NBII.

Aquatic Invertebrates
as Indicator Species

Stylogomphus abistylus
Stylogomphus abistylus (Gomphidae),
a Dragonfly larva
[Photo by EcoAnalysts, Inc. & EPA]

According to the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), aquatic invertebrates make good indicators of watershed health because they:

  • live in the water for all or most of their life,
  • stay in areas suitable for their survival,
  • are easy to collect,
  • differ in their tolerance to amount and types of pollution,
  • are easy to identify in a laboratory,
  • often live for more than one year,
  • have limited mobility, and
  • are integrators of environmental condition.

Photographs of
Freshwater Invertebrates

Freshwater Invertebrates
Freshwater Invertebrates
[Photographs: North American Benthological Society]

The North American Benthological Society Digital Image Library contains photographs and drawings of freshwater invertebrates.

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