How do Bees and Wasps Work with Plants?

This blueberry bee (Osmia ribifloris), observed here on a barberry flower, is an effective pollinator of blueberries.  Photo courtesy of  Jack Dykinga, USDA Agricultural Research Service.
Blueberry bees (Osmia ribifloris), are
effective pollinators of blueberries.
Photo Jack Dykinga, USDA-ARS.

Non-agricultural plants are often dependent upon native bees and have evolved pollination mechanisms specific to the native species with which they evolved. Agricultural crops pollinated by native bees include melons, orchard crops, tomatoes, blueberries, cranberries, alfalfa, clover, coffee, and sunflowers. In some cases, native bees are more effective than honey bees at pollinating crop or orchard plants. But recent research has demonstrated that, even where honey bees are the most effective known pollinator, the presence and behavior of native bees may increase the effectiveness of honey bee pollination (Reference:Alternative Pollinators: Native Bees, Lane Greer, National Sustainable Agriculture Information Service).

Wasps are often considered "beneficial" to humans because they are the natural predators (or parasites) of pest insects, but they also visit flowers. While they are generally not considered to be important plant pollinators, there are important exceptions, such as fig wasp pollination of figs (cultivated figs in many regions and native wild figs in Western Asia) and scoliid wasp pollination of some Australian orchids (Reference: Who pollinates fig trees?, S. van Noort and J. Y. Rasplus, Iziko Museums of Cape Town).

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