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Sea Lamprey
Petromyzon marinus
- Length: 12 to 20 inches
- Weight: 8 to 13 ounces
- Coloring: grey-blue back, metallic
violet on sides, shading to silver-white underneath
- Common Names: great sea lamprey, lake
lamprey, lamprey, lamprey eel
- Found in Lakes: Michigan, Huron,
Ontario, Erie, and Superior
- In their natural habitat, sea lamprey
-- like salmon and alewives -- are ocean fish that spawn in fresh water. But some sea
lamprey have always inhabited Lake Ontario and the St. Lawrence River, which are open to
the Atlantic Ocean. In 1921, lampreys appeared in Lake Erie for the first time, arriving
via the Welland Canal. From there, they rapidly colonized all of the upper Great Lakes,
with especially large infestations developing in Lakes Michigan and Huron.
-
The sea lamprey is an agressive
parasite -- equipped with a tooth-filled mouth that flares open at the end of its eel-like
body. |
|
When attacking, the lamprey fastens
onto its prey and rasps out a hole with its rough tongue.
|
An anticoagulant in
the lamprey's saliva keeps the wound open for hours or weeks, until the lamprey is
satiated or the host fish dies. |
- In 1958, scientists finally found TFM -- a
chemical that selectively kills sea lamprey larvae in their spawning streams -- and
brought the lamprey under control. Lamprey numbers in Lake Michigan are currently only
about 10 percent of their peak numbers in the 1950s. However, some biologists are
concerned that these surviving populations might develop a resistance to the lampricide
or, just as worrisome, an ability to spawn on the deltas at stream mouths -- deeper waters
not suitable for lampricide treatment.
A more positive approach might be to harvest and market the lampreys. For
centuries, river lampreys have been considered a delicacy in Europe -- King Henry I of
England, in a fit of royal gluttony, is said to have died from a "surfeit of
lamprey." But the unappetizing appearance of the eel-like fish and their unpalatable
state when caught on their spawning runs has so far undermined their popularity as a food
fish in this country.
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copyright 1998 University of Wisconsin Sea Grant Institute
Brook Trout illustration copyright 1998 Gina
Mikel
Top lamprey photo from the New York State Department of Environmental Conservation
Lamprey mouth photo copyright Great Lakes Sea Grant Network Graphics Library
Lamprey feeding on lake trout image from the Great Lakes Fishery Commission
Last updated 11 February 2002 by
Seaman |