Prison Rape Elimination Act of 2003

• The Statute

GOVERNMENT REPORTS

Bureau of Justice Statistics

• Implementing the Prison Rape Elimination Act of 2003
• Data Collections for the Prison Rape Elimination Act of 2003
• Sexual Violence Reported to Correctional Authorities, 2004
• Sexual Violence Reported to Correctional Authorities, 2005
• Sexual Violence Reported to Correctional Authorities, 2006
• Sexual Victimization in State and Federal Prisons Reported by Inmates, 2007
• Sexual Victimization in Local Jails Reported by Inmates, 2007
• Sexual Violence Reported by Juvenile Correctional Authorities, 2005-06
• HIV in Prisons, 2005

National Institute of Corrections

• Report to the Congress of the United States on the Activities of the Department of Justice in Relation to the Prison Rape Elimination Act September 2004
• Staff Perspectives: Sexual Violence in Adult Prisons and Jails: Trends from Focus Group Interviews, June 2006
• Report to the Congress of the United States on the Activities of the Department of Justice in Relation to the Prison Rape Elimination Act, September 2006
• Investigating Sexual Assaults in Correctional Facilities, July 2007
• Facing Prison Rape, PREA Part 1, The Moss Group, Inc. (Video)
• Responding to Prison Rape, PREA Part 2, The Moss Group, Inc. (Video)
• Annotated Bibliography on Prison Rape/Inmate Sexual Assault. Rev. [ed.], March 2007
• Summary of Responses from Juvenile Focus Group on Staff Sexual Misconduct and Youth on Youth Sexual Assault, November 2005
• Report to the Congress of the United States on the Activities of the Department of Justice in Relation to the Prison Rape Elimination Act, July 2006
• Report to the Congress of the United States on the Activities of the Department of Justice in Relation to the Prison Rape Elimination Act, September 2007
• Prison Rape Elimination Act and Local Jails: The Facts, The Moss Group Inc., 2006

National Institute of Justice

• About the Prison Rape Elimination Act of 2003
• Prison Rape: A Critical Review of the Literature, March 2004
• NIJ's Response to the Prison Rape Elimination Act, February 2006
• Fleisher, Mark S. and Jessie L. Krienert. “The Culture of Prison Sexual Violence.” November 2006.
• Kaufman, Pat. “Prison Rape: Research Explores Prevalence, Prevention.” April, 2008
• Zweig, Janine M. and Blackmore, John. "Strategies to Prevent Prison Rape by Changing the Correctional Culture," October 2008

U.S. Department of Justice, Office of the Inspector General

• Deterring Staff Sexual Abuse of Federal Inmates, April 2005

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention

• "HIV Transmission Among Male Inmates in a State Prison System - Georgia, 1992-2005." Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report, 55:15. April 21, 2006. 421-428.

U.S. General Accounting Office

• Women in Prison: Sexual Misconduct by Correctional Staff, June 1999

REPORTS BY PRIVATE ORGANIZATIONS AND NONPROFITS

Amnesty International

• Not Part of My Sentence, Violations of Human Rights of Women in Custody, March 1999.
• Justice for Women Prisoners: The Human Rights of Women Prisoners, April 2000.
• Abuse of Women in Custody: Sexual Misconduct and Shackling of Pregnant Women - A State-by-State Survey of Policies and Practices in the USA, March 2001

Council of Juvenile Correctional Administrators

• “PbS Goals, Standards, Outcome Measures, Expected Practices and Processes.” April 2008.

Human Rights Watch

• All Too Familiar: Sexual Abuse of Women in U.S. State Prisons. December 1996.
• No Escape: Male Rape in U.S. Prisons, April 2001

Just Detention International

• The Sexual Abuse of Female Inmates in Ohio, December 2003
• No Refuge Here: A First Look at Sexual Abuse in Immigration Detention, 2004
• Still In Danger: The Ongoing Threat of Sexual Violence Against Transgender Prisoners, 2005
• Stop Prisoner Rape's Report on the Prison Rape Elimination Act, May 2005
• Hope For Healing: Information for Survivors of Sexual Assault in Detention, 2006
• In The Shadows: Sexual Violence in U.S. Detention Facilities, 2006
• In Our Experience: Recommendations by Prisoner Rape Survivors to the NPREC
• Stories from Inside: Prisoner Rape and the War on Drugs

Urban Institute

• Addressing Sexual Violence in Prisons: A National Snapshot of Approaches and Highlights of Innovative Strategies, 2006

Vera Institute of Justice

• Gibbons, John J. and Nicholas de B. Katzenbach. “Confronting Confinement: A Report of the Commission on Safety and Abuse in America's Prisons.” Washington, DC, June 2006.

ARTICLES AND OTHER PUBLISHED MATERIALS

• Austin, James, Tony Fabelo, Angela Gunter and Ken McGinnis. “Sexual Violence in the Texas Prison System.” The JFA Institute. Washington, DC, March 2006.
• Buchanan, Kim Shayo. “Impunity: Sexual Abuse in Women's Prisons.” Harvard Civil Rights-Civil Liberties Law Review, 2007. (see also: "This is Happening in Our Country": Two Testimonials of Survivors of Prison Rape)
• Buell, Maureen, Elizabeth Layman, Susan McCampbell and Brenda V. Smith. "Addressing Sexual Misconduct in Community Corrections." Perspectives: the Journal of the American Probation and Parole Association. 27:2, 2003.
• Dumond, Robert W. “The Impact of Prisoner Sexual Violence: Challenges of Implementing Public Law 108-79, the Prison Rape Elimination Act of 2003.” Journal of Legislation, 2006.
• Dumond, Robert W. “Confronting America’s Most Ignored Crime Problem: The Prison Rape Elimination Act of 2003.” The Journal of the American Academy of Psychiatry and the Law, 31, 2003. 354-60.
• Dumond, Robert W.  “The Impact and Recovery of Prisoner Rape.” 2001. (Presented at the National Conference “Not Part of the Penalty: Ending Prisoner Rape” in Washington, DC, on October 19, 2001.)
• Dumond, Robert W.  “Inmate Sexual Assault: The Plague That Persists.” The Prison Journal, 18:4. 2000. 407-14.
• Eigenberg, Helen. "Correctional Officers' Definitions of Rape in Male Prisons." Journal of Criminal Justice, 28:5, 2000. 435-449.
• Flesher, Flyn L. “Cross-Gender Supervision in Prisons and the Constitutional Right of Prisoners to Remain Free from Rape.” William and Mary Journal of Women and the Law. 13: 841, 2007.
• Gendered Violence and Safety: A Contextual Approach to Improving Security in Women's Facilities

• Golden, Deborah M. “The Prison Litigation Reform Act - A Proposal For Closing the Loophole For Rapists.” American Constitution Society for Law & Policy. June 2006.
• Hensley, Christopher, Mary Koscheski and Richard Tewksbury. "Examining the Characteristics of Male Sexual AssaultTargets in a Southern Maximum Security Prison." Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 20:6, 2005. 667-679.
• Hensley, Christopher and Richard Tewksbury. "Wardens' Perceptions of Prison Sex." The Prison Journal, 85:2, 2005. 186-197.
• Hensley, Christopher, Richard Tewksbury, and Tammy Castle. "Characteristics of Prison Sexual Assault Targets in Male Oklahoma Correctional Facilities." Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 18:6, 2003. 595-606.
• Jenness, Valerie and Cheryl L. Maxson, Kristy N. Matsuda, Jennifer Macy Sumner. “Violence in California Correctional Facilities: An Empirical Examination of Sexual Assault.” April 27, 2007.
• Jenness, Valerie and Michael Smyth. “The Passage of the Prison Rape Elimination Act: Discursive Politics and the Reconstitution of Prisoner Rape in a Culture of Control.” June 26, 2007.
• Jordan, Andrew, Marcia Morgan and Michael McCampbell, “The Prison Rape Elimination Act: What Police Chiefs Need to Know,” Police Chief Magazine, International Association of Chiefs of Police. 73:4, April 2006.
• Mann, Rebecca. "A Review of Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual and Transgender Legal Issues." Law and Sexuality 15:91, 2006.
• McCampbell, Michael S., “Prison Rape Elimination Act: Impact on Police Chiefs of the Prison Rape Elimination Act,” Subject to Debate, Police Executive Research Forum, 19:9, 5. September 2005.
• McCampbell, Susan and Ault, Alen L. Ed.D. “Lessons Learned, Miles to Go: Preventing Staff Sexual Misconduct with Offender.” May 2003.
• Moss, Andie. "PREA: Implications for Women and Girls." Corrections Today, August 2007.
• Mullendore, Kristine and Laurie Beever. "Sexually Abused Female Inmates in State and Local Correctional Institutions." Women Girls & Criminal Justice. 1:6, 2000: 81-96.
• National Sheriffs’ Association. "Investigating Allegations of Staff Sexual Misconduct with Inmates: Myths and Realities." Sheriffs' Magazine. November - December 2001.
• Okie, Susan. “Sex, Drugs, Prisons, and HIV.” New England Journal of Medicine. 356, 2007.
• Ristroph, Alice. “Sexual Punishments.” Columbia Journal of Gender & Law. 15:139, 2006.
• Sigler, Mary. “By the Light of Virtue: Prison Rape and the Corruption of Character.” Iowa Law Review. 91:561, 2006.
• Sigler, Mary, “Just Deserts, Prison Rape, and the Pleasing Fiction of Guideline Sentencing.” Arizona State Law Journal. 38:561, 2006.
• Simonian, Nairi M. and Brenda V. Smith. "Anti-fraternization Policies in Community Corrections: A Tool to Address Staff Sexual Misconduct in Community Correction Agencies." Perspectives. Winter 2007: 43-48.
• Simonian, Nairi M. and Brenda V. Smith. "Integrity in Jail Operations: Addressing Employee/ Offender Relationships." American Jails. July/August 2006: 9-19.
• Simonian, Nairi M. and Brenda V. Smith. "Policy on Worker Relations Helps Ensure Office Integrity." Sheriff. May-June 2006: 27-28.
• Simonian, Nairi and Smith, Brenda V. A Memo Regarding Anti-Fraternization Policies and Case Law in the Ninth Circuit. The Department of Justice/ National Institute of Corrections Project on Addressing Prison Rape. Washington, DC, January 2006.
• Smith, Brenda. "Prison Rape Elimination Act: Implementation and Unresolved Issues." Criminal Law Brief, 2008.
• Smith, Brenda V. "Sexual Abuse Against Women in Prison." American Bar Association Criminal Justice Magazine, 16:1 Spring 2001.
• Smith, Brenda V. "Analyzing Prison Sex: Reconciling Self Expression with Safety." American University, Washington College of Law Human Rights Brief 13:3, Spring 2006. 17-22.
• Smith, Brenda V. "Sexual Abuse of Women in United States Prisons: A Modern Corollary of Slavery." Fordham Urban Law Journal Vol. 33, 2006. 571-607.
• Smith, Brenda V. "Rethinking Prison Sex: Self Expression and Safety." Columbia Journal of Gender and the Law 15, 2006. 185-234.
• Smith, Brenda V. "Watching You Watching Me." Yale Journal of Law and Feminism, Vol.15 No. 2, 2003.
• Smith, Brenda and Yarussi, Jaime M. "Prosecuting Sexual Violence in Correctional Settings: Examining Prosecutors' Perceptions," 2008.
• Stewart, Elaine C. “The Sexual Health and Behavior of Male Prisoners: The Need for Research.” The Howard Journal. 46, 2007.

• Struckman-Johnson, Cindy and David Struckman-Johnson. "Sexual Coercion Reported by Women in Three Midwestern Prisons." Journal of Sex Research, 39:3, 2002. 217-227.
• Struckman-Johnson, Cindy and David Struckman-Johnson. "Sexual Coercion Rates in Seven Midwestern Prison Facilities for Men." Prison Journal, 80:4, 2000. 379-390.
• Struckman-Johnson, Cindy and David Struckman-Johnson. “A Comparison of Sexual Coercion Experiences Reported by Men and Women in Prison.” Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 21:12, 2006. 1591-1615.
• Teichner, Lauren A. "Unusual Suspects: Recognizing and Responding to Female Staff Perpetrators of Sexual Misconduct in U.S Prisons," 2008.
• Wolff N, Blitz CL, Shi J, Bachman R, Siegel J. “Sexual Violence Inside Prisons: Rates of Victimization.” Journal of Urban Health, 2006; 83 (5): 835-848.
• Wolff, N, Blitz, C., Shi, J. “Rates of Sexual Victimization Inside Prison for People With and Without Mental Disorder.” Psychiatric Services, 2007; 58(8):1087-1094.

BOOKS

• Parsell, T.J. “Fish: A Memoir of a Boy in a Man’s Prison.” Carroll & Graf, 2006.

ADDITIONAL RESEARCH NOT AVAILABLE ONLINE

• Eigenberg, Helen and Agnes Baro. "If You Drop the Soap in the Shower You Are on Your Own: Images of Male Rape in Selected Prison Movies." Sexuality & Culture, 7:4, 2003. 56-89.
  
• English, Kim and Peggy Heil. "Prison Rape: What We Know Today." Corrections Compendium, 30:5, 2005. 1-5, 42 - 44.
  
• Hensley, Christopher, Robert W. Dumond, Richard Tewksbury, and Doris A. Dumond. "Possible Solutions for Preventing Inmate Sexual Assault: Examining Wardens' Beliefs."  American Journal of Criminal Justice, 27:1, 2002. 19-33.
  
• Hensley, Christopher, Mary Koscheski, and Richard Tewksbury. "The Impact of Institutional Factors on Officially Reported Sexual Assaults in Prisons.” Sexuality & Culture, 7:4, 2003. 16-26.
  
• Hensley, Christopher, Tammy Castle and Richard Tewksbury. "Sexual Coercion in a Southern Female Correctional Facility." Journal of Offender Rehabilitation, 37:2, 2002. 77-87.
  
• Hensley, Christopher and Richard Tewksbury. "Inmate-to-Inmate Prison Sexuality: A Review of Empirical Studies." Trauma, Violence, & Abuse, 3:3, 2002. 226-243.
  
• Hensley, Christopher, Richard Tewksbury, and Mary Koscheski. "The Characteristics and Motivations Behind Female Prison Sex.” Women & Criminal Justice, 3, 2002. 125-139.
  
• McCampbell, Susan W. and Elizabeth Layman. “The Prison Rape Elimination Act of 2003 and Law Enforcement Agencies: What Every Law Enforcement Executive Needs to Know Instructor’s Guide, Lesson Plans and Resources.” Center for Innovative Public Policies, Inc. May 2007.
  
• National Judicial College. “What Judges Need to Know About Prison Rape: The Prison Rape Elimination Act.” CD-ROM (Bureau of Justice Assistance, 2008).
  
• National District Attorneys Association. “The Prosecution of Prison Rape and the Prison Rape Elimination Act: A Model Curriculum for Prosecutors and the Prosecution of Prison Rape: The Prison Rape Elimination Act.” CD-ROM (Bureau of Justice Assistance, 2008).
  
• Sumner, Jennifer Macy and Kristy N. Matsuda. “Shining Light in Dark Corners: An Overview of Prison Rape Elimination Legislation and Introduction to Current Research.” University of California, Irvine, 2006. (unpublished).
  
• Wolff, N., Shi, J., Blitz, C. "Racial and Ethnic Disparities in Types and Sources of Victimization Inside Prison." The Prison Journal, in press.
  
• Worley, Robert, James W. Marquart and Janet L. Mullings. "Prison Guard Predators: An Analysis of Inmates Who Established Inappropriate Relationships with Prison Staff,
  1995-1998." Deviant Behavior, 24:2, 2003. 175-194.
  
• Wolff, N., Shi, J., Blitz, C., Siegel, J. "Understanding Sexual Victimization Inside Prisons: Factors that Predict Risk." Criminology " Public Policy, 2007; 6(3):201-231.
• Wolff, N., Shi, J., Bachman, R. "Measuring Victimization Inside Prison: Questioning the Questions." Journal of Interpersonal Violence, in press.
• Wolff, N. Shi, J., Siegel, J. "Patterns of Victimization Among Male and Female Inmates: Evidence of an Enduring Legacy." Violence & Victims, in press.
• Wolff, N., Shi, J. "Contextualization of Physical and Sexual Assault in Male Prisons: The Incidents and their Aftermath." Journal of Correctional Health Care, Volume 12 (1), in press.
• Wolff, N., Shi, J. "Patterns of Victimization and Feelings of Safety Inside Prison: The Experience of Male and Female Inmates." Crime and Delinquency, in press.