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APPLA and LTFC
APPLA stands for Another Planned Permanent Living Arrangement, and LTFC stands for Long-Term Foster Care.
APPLA is a case plan designation for children in out-of-home care for whom there is no goal for placement with a legal, permanent family. APPLA is an acceptable designation only if there is sufficient reason to exclude all possible legal, permanent family goals. However, APPLA designations must include plans for permanent placements of children and youth that meet their developmental, educational, and other needs.
Long-Term Foster Care was a case plan designation used in out-of-home care programs prior to the passage of the Adoption and Safe Families Act of 1997, which discontinued its formal use. Similar to APPLA, it was used for children for whom there was no goal for placement with a legal, permanent family.
Another planned permanent living arrangement (APPLA)
Facilitating Permanency for Youth: The Overuse of Long-Term Foster Care and the Appropriate Use of Another Planned Permanent Living Arrangement as Options for Youth in Foster Care
Renne & Mallon (2005)
In Child Welfare for the Twenty-First Century: A Handbook of Practices, Policies, and Programs
View Abstract
Explores permanency issues for adolescents in foster care, particularly the overutilization of long-term foster care and the inappropriate use of the designation of another planned permanent living arrangement as a permanency goal for adolescents.
Reasonable Efforts to Finalize a Permanency Plan for "Another Planned Permanent Living Arrangement"
Renne
ABA Child Law Practice, 21(3), 2002
View Abstract
Examines the APPLA option and introduces a framework for understanding when APPLA is considered a permanent arrangement under ASFA.
What Is An "APPLA?"
ABA Center on Children & the Law
ABA Child Law Practice, 24(1), 2005
View Abstract
How APPLA differs from long-term foster care.
Long-term foster care
Children's Adjustment to Long-Term Foster Care
Barber & Delfabbro
Children and Youth Services Review, 27(3), 2005
View Abstract
The psychosocial adjustment of children to long-term foster care was investigated in two studies.
Creative Cooperation: Involving Biological Parents in Long-Term Foster Care
Tiddy
Child Welfare, 65(1), 1986
View Abstract
Examines the involvement of biological parents in long-term foster care.
A Framework for Family Visiting for Children in Long-Term Foster Care
Mapp
Families in Society: The Journal of Contemporary Social Services, 83(2), 2002
View Abstract
Reviews the existing literature to demonstrate the diverse, positive possibilities for children and develops a theoretical basis for a framework for family visiting. Suggestions for successful family visiting and coping with reactions to visiting are discussed, as are common obstacles and methods for overcoming them.
Long-Term Foster Care or Adoption?
Triseliotis (2003)
In Studies in the Assessment of Parenting
View Abstract
Reviews research about the desirability of each option, considering the stability of the placement; the satisfaction of the foster or adoptive parent; and the child's adjustment to the family, feelings of security and belonging, and personal and social development.
Providing a Secure Base: Parenting Children in Long-Term Foster Family Care
Schofield & Mary
Attachment and Human Development, 7(1), 2005
View Abstract
The challenges in providing a secure base for foster children in middle childhood and early adolescence who have come predominantly from backgrounds of abuse, neglect, and psychosocial adversity, often through multiple placements.
State and local examples
Long-Term Foster Care in Washington: Children's Status and Placement Decision-Making (PDF - 234 KB)
Washington State Institute for Public Policy (2001)
Examined the functioning of children in long-term foster care and the appropriateness of their placements.
Practice Guide for Using Long-Term Foster Care (PDF - 370 KB)
Minnesota Department of Human Services, Children, & Family Services (2003)
Outlines best practice strategies for placing children in long-term care homes in Minnesota.