Table 16: Outcome Indicators by County and State Socioeconomic Status, 2005^a

Table 16A: Outcome Indicators by County Socioeconomic Status

Select for Table 16B: Outcome Indicators by State Socioeconomic Status.

HCBS Subpopulation	Outcome Indicator	Median Income		Percent in Poverty		Supply of Federally Qualified Health Centers per Capita
		>Median	≤Median	>Median	≤Median	>Median	≤Median
National HCBS Population	Short-Term Complications of Diabetes	269	360	308	269	314	286
	Asthma or Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease	3,519	5,067	4,082	3,643	4,844	3,662
	Congestive Heart Failure	4,679	6,719	5,696	4,473	6,179	4,927
	Composite: Potentially Preventable Infection	7,416	9,980	8,054	8,017	9,504	7,679
	Bacterial Pneumonia	4,546	6,104	4,843	5,032	6,091	4,638
	Urinary Tract Infection	2,870	3,876	3,210	2,985	3,413	3,041
	Infection Due to Device or Implant	741	828	787	729	798	753
	Dehydration	1,712	2,538	2,017	1,773	2,334	1,809
	Composite: ACSC Chronic Conditions	10,919	15,377	13,085	10,547	14,262	11,447
	Composite: ACSC Acute Conditions	6,652	9,559	7,537	7,115	9,257	6,892
	Composite: ACSC Overall	17,570	24,934	20,620	17,662	23,518	18,337
	Pressure Ulcer	3,322	4,088	3,865	3,029	3,557	3,496
	Injurious Falls	256	436	294	308	436	267
Dually Eligible HCBS Participants	Short-Term Complications of Diabetes	220	275	233	235	247	230
	Asthma or Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease	3,701	5,391	4,267	3,933	5,153	3,860
	Congestive Heart Failure	5,354	7,772	6,519	5,219	7,133	5,658
	Composite: Potentially Preventable Infection	8,404	11,274	9,104	9,141	10,669	8,725
	Bacterial Pneumonia	5,109	6,883	5,437	5,702	6,837	5,224
	Urinary Tract Infection	3,295	4,391	3,667	3,439	3,833	3,501
	Infection Due to Device or Implant	725	791	775	699	772	734
	Dehydration	1,940	2,847	2,283	2,012	2,606	2,054
	Composite: ACSC Chronic Conditions	11,820	16,674	14,079	11,652	15,524	12,396
	Composite: ACSC Acute Conditions	7,587	10,852	8,578	8,170	10,435	7,884
	Composite: ACSC Overall	19,406	27,524	22,656	19,821	25,958	20,278
	Pressure Ulcer	3,754	4,475	4,359	3,374	3,884	3,947
	Injurious Falls	331	531	376	387	535	342
Medicaid-Only HCBS Participants	Short-Term Complications of Diabetes	408	633	519	372	536	441
	Asthma or Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease	3,010	4,015	3,562	2,768	3,826	3,105
	Congestive Heart Failure	2,795	3,305	3,391	2,224	3,040	2,880
	Composite: Potentially Preventable Infection	4,662	5,787	5,113	4,628	5,672	4,747
	Bacterial Pneumonia	2,976	3,582	3,181	3,010	3,638	2,996
	Urinary Tract Infection	1,686	2,206	1,932	1,618	2,034	1,751
	Infection Due to Device or Implant	785	945	822	819	883	807
	Dehydration	1,079	1,534	1,272	1,050	1,438	1,124
	Composite: ACSC Chronic Conditions	8,408	11,174	10,299	7,216	10,110	8,787
	Composite: ACSC Acute Conditions	4,043	5,367	4,621	3,935	5,382	4,110
	Composite: ACSC Overall	12,450	16,541	14,919	11,150	15,491	12,897
	Pressure Ulcer	2,118	2,834	2,481	1,988	2,480	2,233
	Injurious Falls	48	127	63	70	110	56
I/DD Subpopulation	Short-Term Complications of Diabetes	141	235	195	133	183	155
	Asthma or Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease	678	969	886	623	866	710
	Congestive Heart Failure	603	911	867	511	847	628
	Composite: Potentially Preventable Infection	4,147	5,034	4,659	4,071	4,574	4,275
	Bacterial Pneumonia	2,784	3,228	2,939	2,824	3,084	2,830
	Urinary Tract Infection	1,363	1,806	1,720	1,247	1,490	1,445
	Infection Due to Device or Implant	305	342	358	277	312	313
	Dehydration	627	958	857	569	798	672
	Composite: ACSC Chronic Conditions	1,957	2,827	2,705	1,693	2,532	2,049
	Composite: ACSC Acute Conditions	3,137	4,136	3,779	3,002	3,777	3,248
	Composite: ACSC Overall	5,094	6,963	6,484	4,695	6,310	5,297
	Pressure Ulcer	1,348	1,729	1,777	1,154	1,411	1,428
	Injurious Falls	65	102	76	70	88	69
SMI Subpopulation	Short-Term Complications of Diabetes	462	691	549	472	499	515
	Asthma or Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease	4,709	6,184	5,410	4,618	5,702	4,899
	Congestive Heart Failure	3,179	4,333	4,052	2,750	3,972	3,325
	Composite: Potentially Preventable Infection	6,976	8,575	7,182	7,489	8,114	7,170
	Bacterial Pneumonia	4,522	5,312	4,464	4,952	5,456	4,544
	Urinary Tract Infection	2,454	3,263	2,717	2,537	2,658	2,627
	Infection Due to Device or Implant	729	827	761	740	785	744
	Dehydration	1,830	2,579	2,129	1,846	2,281	1,937
	Composite: ACSC Chronic Conditions	10,992	14,574	13,313	10,088	13,081	11,519
	Composite: ACSC Acute Conditions	6,588	8,550	7,066	6,968	8,215	6,780
	Composite: ACSC Overall	17,579	23,121	20,378	17,055	21,295	18,297
	Pressure Ulcer	2,614	3,022	2,987	2,392	2,628	2,719
	Injurious Falls	212	363	233	258	298	234
HCBS Population Aged 18-64 Without I/DD or SMI	Short-Term Complications of Diabetes	578	770	666	571	684	613
	Asthma or Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease	4,557	5,797	4,969	4,763	5,617	4,674
	Congestive Heart Failure	4,919	5,550	5,519	4,424	5,166	5,064
	Composite: Potentially Preventable Infection	6,751	7,882	6,881	7,315	7,818	6,829
	Bacterial Pneumonia	3,827	4,555	3,909	4,193	4,677	3,829
	Urinary Tract Infection	2,924	3,327	2,973	3,122	3,141	3,000
	Infection Due to Device or Implant	1,756	1,714	1,720	1,783	1,629	1,779
	Dehydration	1,668	1,982	1,710	1,817	1,916	1,704
	Composite: ACSC Chronic Conditions	13,975	16,974	15,602	13,503	15,780	14,481
	Composite: ACSC Acute Conditions	5,687	7,237	6,064	6,155	7,345	5,736
	Composite: ACSC Overall	19,661	24,208	21,664	19,658	23,123	20,215
	Pressure Ulcer	4,734	5,347	4,927	4,851	4,834	4,916
	Injurious Falls	117	194	133	143	198	119
HCBS Population Aged 65+	Short-Term Complications of Diabetes	136	131	131	142	132	136
	Asthma or Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease	4,388	6,219	4,647	5,217	6,069	4,554
	Congestive Heart Failure	7,233	10,183	7,883	8,166	9,611	7,583
	Composite: Potentially Preventable Infection	10,215	13,853	10,385	12,460	13,347	10,597
	Bacterial Pneumonia	6,215	8,489	6,249	7,741	8,612	6,344
	Urinary Tract Infection	4,000	5,364	4,135	4,719	4,735	4,253
	Infection Due to Device or Implant	497	573	511	525	553	507
	Dehydration	2,393	3,548	2,635	2,780	3,318	2,532
	Composite: ACSC Chronic Conditions	14,545	19,972	15,774	16,205	19,021	15,163
	Composite: ACSC Acute Conditions	9,553	13,606	10,028	11,559	13,343	9,904
	Composite: ACSC Overall	24,097	33,576	25,800	27,762	32,363	25,065
	Pressure Ulcer	4,028	4,693	4,420	3,814	4,046	4,236
	Injurious Falls	453	728	471	614	763	464

Notes:

ACSC = ambulatory care-sensitive condition; HCBS = home and community-based services; I/DD = intellectual and development disabilities; SMI = serious mental illness.

^a. All outcome indicators expressed as potentially avoidable hospital stays per 100,000 persons in the HCBS population. HCBS population for outcome indicators excludes: individuals under age 18; people with only institutional use in a given quarter; people on managed care plans; and persons in the States of Arizona, Maine, Washington, and Wisconsin.

Dually eligible = dually eligible for Medicaid and Medicare. Eligibility for Medicare defined as inclusion in Medicare denominator file.

Medicaid only = part of Medicaid HCBS population but not enrolled in Medicare.

HCBS subpopulations of I/DD, SMI, Under 65 Without I/DD or SMI, and 65+ are defined as in the Appendix.

Median is defined as the value at which half of States are below and half of States are above.

Source for Outcome Indicators: Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ), Medicaid Analytic eXtract (MAX) data, and Medicare Provider Analysis and Review (MedPAR) data.

Sources for column heading data are described in the Appendix.

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