Appendix G: Selected Prevalence Tables, 2008 NSDUH: National Findings, SAMHSA, OAS

90331 (8.1A)

Table G.1 – Types of Illicit Drug Use in Lifetime among Persons Aged 12 or Older: Numbers in Thousands, 2002-2008
Drug	2002	2003	2004	2005	2006	2007	2008
Low precision; no estimate reported. ^a Difference between estimate and 2008 estimate is statistically significant at the 0.05 level. ^b Difference between estimate and 2008 estimate is statistically significant at the 0.01 level. ¹ Illicit Drugs include marijuana/hashish, cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or prescription-type psychotherapeutics used nonmedically. Illicit Drugs Other Than Marijuana include cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or prescription-type psychotherapeutics used nonmedically. The estimates for Nonmedical Use of Psychotherapeutics, Stimulants, and Methamphetamine incorporated in these summary estimates do not include data from the methamphetamine items added in 2005 and 2006. See Section B.4.8* in Appendix B of the Results from the 2008 National Survey on Drug Use and Health: National Findings. ² Nonmedical use of prescription-type psychotherapeutics includes the nonmedical use of pain relievers, tranquilizers, stimulants, or sedatives and does not include over-the-counter drugs. ³ Estimates of Nonmedical Use of Psychotherapeutics, Stimulants, and Methamphetamine in the designated rows include data from methamphetamine items added in 2005 and 2006 and are not comparable with estimates presented in NSDUH reports prior to the 2007 National Findings report. For the 2002 through 2005 survey years, a Bernoulli stochastic imputation procedure was used to generate adjusted estimates comparable with estimates for survey years 2006 and later. See Section B.4.8 in Appendix B of the Results from the 2008 National Survey on Drug Use and Health: National Findings. Source: SAMHSA, Office of Applied Studies, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2002, 2003, 2004, 2005, 2006, 2007, and 2008.
ILLICIT DRUGS¹	108,255^b	110,205^b	110,057^b	112,085^b	111,774^b	114,275^a	117,325
Marijuana and Hashish	94,946^b	96,611^b	96,772^b	97,545^b	97,825^b	100,518	102,404
Cocaine	33,910^b	34,891^a	34,153^b	33,673^b	35,298	35,882	36,773
Crack	8,402	7,949	7,840	7,928	8,554	8,581	8,445
Heroin	3,668	3,744	3,145^a	3,534	3,785	3,780	3,788
Hallucinogens	34,314	34,363	34,333	33,728^a	35,281	34,215^a	35,963
LSD	24,516	24,424	23,398	22,433	23,346	22,656	23,547
PCP	7,418	7,107	6,762	6,603	6,618	6,140	6,631
Ecstasy	10,150^b	10,904^b	11,130^b	11,495^b	12,262	12,426	12,924
Inhalants	22,870	22,995	22,798	22,745	22,879	22,477	22,274
Nonmedical Use of Psychotherapeutics^2,3	47,958^b	49,001^b	49,157^b	49,571^a	50,965	50,415	51,970
Pain Relievers	29,611^b	31,207^b	31,768^b	32,692^b	33,472	33,060^a	34,861
OxyContin^®	1,924^b	2,832^b	3,072^b	3,481^b	4,098^b	4,354	4,842
Tranquilizers	19,267^b	20,220	19,852^a	21,041	21,303	20,208	21,476
Stimulants³	23,496^b	23,004^a	22,297	20,983	22,468	21,654	21,206
Methamphetamine³	15,365^b	15,139^b	14,512^b	12,663	14,206^b	13,065	12,598
Sedatives	9,960^a	9,510	9,891	8,982	8,822	8,396	8,882
ILLICIT DRUGS OTHER THAN MARIJUANA¹	70,300^b	71,128^b	70,657^b	71,822^b	72,906^a	73,494	75,573

90331 (8.1B)

Table G.2 – Types of Illicit Drug Use in Lifetime among Persons Aged 12 or Older: Percentages, 2002-2008
Drug	2002	2003	2004	2005	2006	2007	2008
Low precision; no estimate reported. ^a Difference between estimate and 2008 estimate is statistically significant at the 0.05 level. ^b Difference between estimate and 2008 estimate is statistically significant at the 0.01 level. ¹ Illicit Drugs include marijuana/hashish, cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or prescription-type psychotherapeutics used nonmedically. Illicit Drugs Other Than Marijuana include cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or prescription-type psychotherapeutics used nonmedically. The estimates for Nonmedical Use of Psychotherapeutics, Stimulants, and Methamphetamine incorporated in these summary estimates do not include data from the methamphetamine items added in 2005 and 2006. See Section B.4.8* in Appendix B of the Results from the 2008 National Survey on Drug Use and Health: National Findings. ² Nonmedical use of prescription-type psychotherapeutics includes the nonmedical use of pain relievers, tranquilizers, stimulants, or sedatives and does not include over-the-counter drugs. ³ Estimates of Nonmedical Use of Psychotherapeutics, Stimulants, and Methamphetamine in the designated rows include data from methamphetamine items added in 2005 and 2006 and are not comparable with estimates presented in NSDUH reports prior to the 2007 National Findings report. For the 2002 through 2005 survey years, a Bernoulli stochastic imputation procedure was used to generate adjusted estimates comparable with estimates for survey years 2006 and later. See Section B.4.8 in Appendix B of the Results from the 2008 National Survey on Drug Use and Health: National Findings. Source: SAMHSA, Office of Applied Studies, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2002, 2003, 2004, 2005, 2006, 2007, and 2008.
ILLICIT DRUGS¹	46.0	46.4	45.8^a	46.1	45.4^b	46.1	47.0
Marijuana and Hashish	40.4	40.6	40.2	40.1	39.8^a	40.6	41.0
Cocaine	14.4	14.7	14.2	13.8^a	14.3	14.5	14.7
Crack	3.6	3.3	3.3	3.3	3.5	3.5	3.4
Heroin	1.6	1.6	1.3	1.5	1.5	1.5	1.5
Hallucinogens	14.6	14.5	14.3	13.9	14.3	13.8	14.4
LSD	10.4^b	10.3^b	9.7	9.2	9.5	9.1	9.4
PCP	3.2^b	3.0	2.8	2.7	2.7	2.5	2.7
Ecstasy	4.3^b	4.6^b	4.6^b	4.7^a	5.0	5.0	5.2
Inhalants	9.7^b	9.7^b	9.5^a	9.4	9.3	9.1	8.9
Nonmedical Use of Psychotherapeutics^2,3	20.4	20.6	20.4	20.4	20.7	20.3	20.8
Pain Relievers	12.6^b	13.1^a	13.2^a	13.4	13.6	13.3	14.0
OxyContin^®	0.8^b	1.2^b	1.3^b	1.4^b	1.7^b	1.8	1.9
Tranquilizers	8.2	8.5	8.3	8.7	8.7	8.2	8.6
Stimulants³	10.0^b	9.7^b	9.3^b	8.6	9.1^a	8.7	8.5
Methamphetamine³	6.5^b	6.4^b	6.0^b	5.2	5.8^b	5.3	5.0
Sedatives	4.2^b	4.0^a	4.1^a	3.7	3.6	3.4	3.6
ILLICIT DRUGS OTHER THAN MARIJUANA¹	29.9	29.9	29.4	29.5	29.6	29.7	30.3

90331 (8.2A)

Table G.3 – Types of Illicit Drug Use in the Past Year among Persons Aged 12 or Older: Numbers in Thousands, 2002-2008
Drug	2002	2003	2004	2005	2006	2007	2008
Low precision; no estimate reported. -- Not available. ^a Difference between estimate and 2008 estimate is statistically significant at the 0.05 level. ^b Difference between estimate and 2008 estimate is statistically significant at the 0.01 level. ¹ Illicit Drugs include marijuana/hashish, cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or prescription-type psychotherapeutics used nonmedically. Illicit Drugs Other Than Marijuana include cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or prescription-type psychotherapeutics used nonmedically. The estimates for Nonmedical Use of Psychotherapeutics, Stimulants, and Methamphetamine incorporated in these summary estimates do not include data from the methamphetamine items added in 2005 and 2006. See Section B.4.8* in Appendix B of the Results from the 2008 National Survey on Drug Use and Health: National Findings. ² Nonmedical use of prescription-type psychotherapeutics includes the nonmedical use of pain relievers, tranquilizers, stimulants, or sedatives and does not include over-the-counter drugs. ³ Estimates of Nonmedical Use of Psychotherapeutics, Stimulants, and Methamphetamine in the designated rows include data from methamphetamine items added in 2005 and 2006 and are not comparable with estimates presented in NSDUH reports prior to the 2007 National Findings report. For the 2002 through 2005 survey years, a Bernoulli stochastic imputation procedure was used to generate adjusted estimates comparable with estimates for survey years 2006 and later. See Section B.4.8 in Appendix B of the Results from the 2008 National Survey on Drug Use and Health: National Findings. Source: SAMHSA, Office of Applied Studies, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2002, 2003, 2004, 2005, 2006, 2007, and 2008.
ILLICIT DRUGS¹	35,132	34,993	34,807	35,041	35,775	35,692	35,525
Marijuana and Hashish	25,755	25,231	25,451	25,375	25,378	25,085	25,768
Cocaine	5,902^a	5,908^a	5,658	5,523	6,069^b	5,738	5,255
Crack	1,554^b	1,406	1,304	1,381	1,479^a	1,451^a	1,109
Heroin	404	314	398	379	560	366	453
Hallucinogens	4,749^b	3,936	3,878	3,809	3,956	3,762	3,678
LSD	999^a	558^b	592^b	563^b	666	620^a	802
PCP	235^b	219^b	210^b	164^a	187^a	137	99
Ecstasy	3,167^b	2,119	1,915	1,960	2,130	2,132	2,139
Inhalants	2,084	2,075	2,255	2,187	2,218	2,080	2,047
Nonmedical Use of Psychotherapeutics^2,3	14,795	15,163	14,849	15,346	16,482^b	16,280^a	15,166
Pain Relievers	10,992^a	11,671	11,256	11,815	12,649	12,466	11,885
OxyContin^®	--	--	1,213^a	1,226	1,323	1,422	1,459
Tranquilizers	4,849	5,051	5,068	5,249	5,058	5,282	5,103
Stimulants³	3,380^b	3,031^a	3,254^b	3,088^a	3,791^b	2,998	2,639
Methamphetamine³	1,755^b	1,602^b	1,808^b	1,603^b	1,889^b	1,343^b	850
Sedatives	981^b	831^a	737	750	926^b	864^a	621
ILLICIT DRUGS OTHER THAN MARIJUANA¹	20,423	20,305	19,658	20,109	21,254^a	21,144	19,990

90331 (8.2B)

Table G.4 – Types of Illicit Drug Use in the Past Year among Persons Aged 12 or Older: Percentages, 2002-2008
Drug	2002	2003	2004	2005	2006	2007	2008
Low precision; no estimate reported. -- Not available. ^a Difference between estimate and 2008 estimate is statistically significant at the 0.05 level. ^b Difference between estimate and 2008 estimate is statistically significant at the 0.01 level. ¹ Illicit Drugs include marijuana/hashish, cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or prescription-type psychotherapeutics used nonmedically. Illicit Drugs Other Than Marijuana include cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or prescription-type psychotherapeutics used nonmedically. The estimates for Nonmedical Use of Psychotherapeutics, Stimulants, and Methamphetamine incorporated in these summary estimates do not include data from the methamphetamine items added in 2005 and 2006. See Section B.4.8* in Appendix B of the Results from the 2008 National Survey on Drug Use and Health: National Findings. ² Nonmedical use of prescription-type psychotherapeutics includes the nonmedical use of pain relievers, tranquilizers, stimulants, or sedatives and does not include over-the-counter drugs. ³ Estimates of Nonmedical Use of Psychotherapeutics, Stimulants, and Methamphetamine in the designated rows include data from methamphetamine items added in 2005 and 2006 and are not comparable with estimates presented in NSDUH reports prior to the 2007 National Findings report. For the 2002 through 2005 survey years, a Bernoulli stochastic imputation procedure was used to generate adjusted estimates comparable with estimates for survey years 2006 and later. See Section B.4.8 in Appendix B of the Results from the 2008 National Survey on Drug Use and Health: National Findings. Source: SAMHSA, Office of Applied Studies, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2002, 2003, 2004, 2005, 2006, 2007, and 2008.
ILLICIT DRUGS¹	14.9^a	14.7	14.5	14.4	14.5	14.4	14.2
Marijuana and Hashish	11.0^a	10.6	10.6	10.4	10.3	10.1	10.3
Cocaine	2.5^b	2.5^b	2.4^a	2.3	2.5^b	2.3	2.1
Crack	0.7^b	0.6^a	0.5	0.6^a	0.6^a	0.6^a	0.4
Heroin	0.2	0.1	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.1	0.2
Hallucinogens	2.0^b	1.7^a	1.6	1.6	1.6	1.5	1.5
LSD	0.4^b	0.2^b	0.2^b	0.2^b	0.3	0.3^a	0.3
PCP	0.1^b	0.1^b	0.1^b	0.1^b	0.1^a	0.1	0.0
Ecstasy	1.3^b	0.9	0.8	0.8	0.9	0.9	0.9
Inhalants	0.9	0.9	0.9^a	0.9	0.9	0.8	0.8
Nonmedical Use of Psychotherapeutics^2,3	6.3	6.4	6.2	6.3	6.7^b	6.6^a	6.1
Pain Relievers	4.7	4.9	4.7	4.9	5.1^a	5.0	4.8
OxyContin^®	--	--	0.5	0.5	0.5	0.6	0.6
Tranquilizers	2.1	2.1	2.1	2.2	2.1	2.1	2.0
Stimulants³	1.4^b	1.3^b	1.4^b	1.3^b	1.5^b	1.2	1.1
Methamphetamine³	0.7^b	0.7^b	0.8^b	0.7^b	0.8^b	0.5^b	0.3
Sedatives	0.4^b	0.3^a	0.3	0.3	0.4^b	0.3^a	0.2
ILLICIT DRUGS OTHER THAN MARIJUANA¹	8.7^b	8.5^a	8.2	8.3	8.6^b	8.5^a	8.0

90331 (8.3A)

Table G.5 – Types of Illicit Drug Use in the Past Month among Persons Aged 12 or Older: Numbers in Thousands, 2002-2008
Drug	2002	2003	2004	2005	2006	2007	2008
Low precision; no estimate reported. -- Not available. ^a Difference between estimate and 2008 estimate is statistically significant at the 0.05 level. ^b Difference between estimate and 2008 estimate is statistically significant at the 0.01 level. ¹ Illicit Drugs include marijuana/hashish, cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or prescription-type psychotherapeutics used nonmedically. Illicit Drugs Other Than Marijuana include cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or prescription-type psychotherapeutics used nonmedically. The estimates for Nonmedical Use of Psychotherapeutics, Stimulants, and Methamphetamine incorporated in these summary estimates do not include data from the methamphetamine items added in 2005 and 2006. See Section B.4.8* in Appendix B of the Results from the 2008 National Survey on Drug Use and Health: National Findings. ² Nonmedical use of prescription-type psychotherapeutics includes the nonmedical use of pain relievers, tranquilizers, stimulants, or sedatives and does not include over-the-counter drugs. ³ Estimates of Nonmedical Use of Psychotherapeutics, Stimulants, and Methamphetamine in the designated rows include data from methamphetamine items added in 2005 and 2006 and are not comparable with estimates presented in NSDUH reports prior to the 2007 National Findings report. For the 2002 through 2005 survey years, a Bernoulli stochastic imputation procedure was used to generate adjusted estimates comparable with estimates for survey years 2006 and later. See Section B.4.8 in Appendix B of the Results from the 2008 National Survey on Drug Use and Health: National Findings. Source: SAMHSA, Office of Applied Studies, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2002, 2003, 2004, 2005, 2006, 2007, and 2008.
ILLICIT DRUGS¹	19,522	19,470	19,071	19,720	20,357	19,857	20,077
Marijuana and Hashish	14,584	14,638	14,576	14,626	14,813	14,448	15,203
Cocaine	2,020	2,281^a	2,021	2,397^b	2,421^b	2,075	1,855
Crack	567^a	604^a	467	682^b	702^b	610^b	359
Heroin	166	119	166	136	338	153	213
Hallucinogens	1,196	1,042	929	1,088	1,006	996	1,060
LSD	112	133	141	104	130	145	154
PCP	58	56^a	49	48	30	41	24
Ecstasy	676	470	450	502	528	503	555
Inhalants	635	570	638	611	761	616	640
Nonmedical Use of Psychotherapeutics^2,3	6,287	6,451	6,110	6,491	7,095^b	6,895^a	6,224
Pain Relievers	4,377	4,693	4,404	4,658	5,220	5,174	4,747
OxyContin^®	--	--	325	334	276^a	369	435
Tranquilizers	1,804	1,830	1,616	1,817	1,766	1,835	1,800
Stimulants³	1,303^b	1,310^b	1,312^b	1,188^b	1,385^b	1,053	904
Methamphetamine³	683^b	726^b	706^b	628^b	731^b	529^a	314
Sedatives	436^b	294	265	272	385	346	234
ILLICIT DRUGS OTHER THAN MARIJUANA¹	8,777	8,849	8,247	8,963	9,615^b	9,270	8,565

90331 (8.3B)

Table G.6 – Types of Illicit Drug Use in the Past Month among Persons Aged 12 or Older: Percentages, 2002-2008
Drug	2002	2003	2004	2005	2006	2007	2008
Low precision; no estimate reported. -- Not available. ^a Difference between estimate and 2008 estimate is statistically significant at the 0.05 level. ^b Difference between estimate and 2008 estimate is statistically significant at the 0.01 level. ¹ Illicit Drugs include marijuana/hashish, cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or prescription-type psychotherapeutics used nonmedically. Illicit Drugs Other Than Marijuana include cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or prescription-type psychotherapeutics used nonmedically. The estimates for Nonmedical Use of Psychotherapeutics, Stimulants, and Methamphetamine incorporated in these summary estimates do not include data from the methamphetamine items added in 2005 and 2006. See Section B.4.8* in Appendix B of the Results from the 2008 National Survey on Drug Use and Health: National Findings. ² Nonmedical use of prescription-type psychotherapeutics includes the nonmedical use of pain relievers, tranquilizers, stimulants, or sedatives and does not include over-the-counter drugs. ³ Estimates of Nonmedical Use of Psychotherapeutics, Stimulants, and Methamphetamine in the designated rows include data from methamphetamine items added in 2005 and 2006 and are not comparable with estimates presented in NSDUH reports prior to the 2007 National Findings report. For the 2002 through 2005 survey years, a Bernoulli stochastic imputation procedure was used to generate adjusted estimates comparable with estimates for survey years 2006 and later. See Section B.4.8 in Appendix B of the Results from the 2008 National Survey on Drug Use and Health: National Findings. Source: SAMHSA, Office of Applied Studies, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2002, 2003, 2004, 2005, 2006, 2007, and 2008.
ILLICIT DRUGS¹	8.3	8.2	7.9	8.1	8.3	8.0	8.0
Marijuana and Hashish	6.2	6.2	6.1	6.0	6.0	5.8	6.1
Cocaine	0.9	1.0^b	0.8	1.0^b	1.0^b	0.8	0.7
Crack	0.2^b	0.3^a	0.2	0.3^b	0.3^b	0.2^b	0.1
Heroin	0.1	0.1	0.1	0.1	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hallucinogens	0.5	0.4	0.4	0.4	0.4	0.4	0.4
LSD	0.0	0.1	0.1	0.0	0.1	0.1	0.1
PCP	0.0^a	0.0^a	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ecstasy	0.3	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2
Inhalants	0.3	0.2	0.3	0.3	0.3	0.2	0.3
Nonmedical Use of Psychotherapeutics^2,3	2.7	2.7	2.5	2.7	2.9^b	2.8^a	2.5
Pain Relievers	1.9	2.0	1.8	1.9	2.1	2.1	1.9
OxyContin^®	--	--	0.1	0.1	0.1^a	0.1	0.2
Tranquilizers	0.8	0.8	0.7	0.7	0.7	0.7	0.7
Stimulants³	0.6^b	0.6^b	0.5^b	0.5^b	0.6^b	0.4	0.4
Methamphetamine³	0.3^b	0.3^b	0.3^b	0.3^b	0.3^b	0.2^a	0.1
Sedatives	0.2^b	0.1	0.1	0.1	0.2^a	0.1	0.1
ILLICIT DRUGS OTHER THAN MARIJUANA¹	3.7	3.7	3.4	3.7	3.9^b	3.7	3.4

90331 (8.6B)

Table G.7 – Types of Illicit Drug Use in the Past Month among Persons Aged 12 to 17: Percentages, 2002-2008
Drug	2002	2003	2004	2005	2006	2007	2008
Low precision; no estimate reported. -- Not available. ^a Difference between estimate and 2008 estimate is statistically significant at the 0.05 level. ^b Difference between estimate and 2008 estimate is statistically significant at the 0.01 level. ¹ Illicit Drugs include marijuana/hashish, cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or prescription-type psychotherapeutics used nonmedically. Illicit Drugs Other Than Marijuana include cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or prescription-type psychotherapeutics used nonmedically. The estimates for Nonmedical Use of Psychotherapeutics, Stimulants, and Methamphetamine incorporated in these summary estimates do not include data from the methamphetamine items added in 2005 and 2006. See Section B.4.8* in Appendix B of the Results from the 2008 National Survey on Drug Use and Health: National Findings. ² Nonmedical use of prescription-type psychotherapeutics includes the nonmedical use of pain relievers, tranquilizers, stimulants, or sedatives and does not include over-the-counter drugs. ³ Estimates of Nonmedical Use of Psychotherapeutics, Stimulants, and Methamphetamine in the designated rows include data from methamphetamine items added in 2005 and 2006 and are not comparable with estimates presented in NSDUH reports prior to the 2007 National Findings report. For the 2002 through 2005 survey years, a Bernoulli stochastic imputation procedure was used to generate adjusted estimates comparable with estimates for survey years 2006 and later. See Section B.4.8 in Appendix B of the Results from the 2008 National Survey on Drug Use and Health: National Findings. Source: SAMHSA, Office of Applied Studies, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2002, 2003, 2004, 2005, 2006, 2007, and 2008.
ILLICIT DRUGS¹	11.6^b	11.2^b	10.6^b	9.9	9.8	9.5	9.3
Marijuana and Hashish	8.2^b	7.9^b	7.6^b	6.8	6.7	6.7	6.7
Cocaine	0.6^a	0.6^b	0.5	0.6^a	0.4	0.4	0.4
Crack	0.1^a	0.1^b	0.1	0.1^a	0.0	0.1	0.0
Heroin	0.0	0.1	0.1	0.1	0.1	0.0	0.1
Hallucinogens	1.0	1.0	0.8	0.8	0.7^a	0.7^b	1.0
LSD	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.1	0.1	0.1	0.2
PCP	0.1	0.1	0.0	0.1	0.0	0.0	0.1
Ecstasy	0.5	0.4	0.3	0.3	0.3	0.3^a	0.4
Inhalants	1.2	1.3	1.2	1.2	1.3	1.2	1.1
Nonmedical Use of Psychotherapeutics^2,3	4.0^b	4.0^b	3.6^b	3.3^a	3.3^a	3.3^a	2.9
Pain Relievers	3.2^b	3.2^b	3.0^b	2.7^a	2.7^a	2.7^a	2.3
OxyContin^®	--	--	0.3	0.1	0.1^a	0.2	0.2
Tranquilizers	0.8	0.9^b	0.6	0.6	0.5	0.7	0.6
Stimulants³	0.8^b	0.9^b	0.7^b	0.7^a	0.7^a	0.5	0.5
Methamphetamine³	0.3^b	0.3^b	0.2^a	0.3^b	0.2^a	0.1	0.1
Sedatives	0.2	0.2	0.1	0.1	0.2	0.1	0.1
ILLICIT DRUGS OTHER THAN MARIJUANA¹	5.7^b	5.7^b	5.3^b	4.9^a	4.9^a	4.7	4.4

90331 (8.9B)

Table G.8 – Types of Illicit Drug Use in the Past Month among Persons Aged 18 to 25: Percentages, 2002-2008
Drug	2002	2003	2004	2005	2006	2007	2008
Low precision; no estimate reported. -- Not available. ^a Difference between estimate and 2008 estimate is statistically significant at the 0.05 level. ^b Difference between estimate and 2008 estimate is statistically significant at the 0.01 level. ¹ Illicit Drugs include marijuana/hashish, cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or prescription-type psychotherapeutics used nonmedically. Illicit Drugs Other Than Marijuana include cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or prescription-type psychotherapeutics used nonmedically. The estimates for Nonmedical Use of Psychotherapeutics, Stimulants, and Methamphetamine incorporated in these summary estimates do not include data from the methamphetamine items added in 2005 and 2006. See Section B.4.8* in Appendix B of the Results from the 2008 National Survey on Drug Use and Health: National Findings. ² Nonmedical use of prescription-type psychotherapeutics includes the nonmedical use of pain relievers, tranquilizers, stimulants, or sedatives and does not include over-the-counter drugs. ³ Estimates of Nonmedical Use of Psychotherapeutics, Stimulants, and Methamphetamine in the designated rows include data from methamphetamine items added in 2005 and 2006 and are not comparable with estimates presented in NSDUH reports prior to the 2007 National Findings report. For the 2002 through 2005 survey years, a Bernoulli stochastic imputation procedure was used to generate adjusted estimates comparable with estimates for survey years 2006 and later. See Section B.4.8 in Appendix B of the Results from the 2008 National Survey on Drug Use and Health: National Findings. Source: SAMHSA, Office of Applied Studies, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2002, 2003, 2004, 2005, 2006, 2007, and 2008.
ILLICIT DRUGS¹	20.2	20.3	19.4	20.1	19.8	19.7	19.6
Marijuana and Hashish	17.3	17.0	16.1	16.6	16.3	16.4	16.5
Cocaine	2.0^b	2.2^b	2.1^b	2.6^b	2.2^b	1.7	1.5
Crack	0.2	0.2	0.3	0.3^b	0.2	0.2	0.2
Heroin	0.1	0.1^b	0.1	0.2	0.2	0.1	0.2
Hallucinogens	1.9	1.7	1.5	1.5	1.7	1.5	1.7
LSD	0.1^b	0.2	0.3	0.2	0.2^a	0.2	0.3
PCP	0.0	0.1^a	0.1^a	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ecstasy	1.1	0.7	0.7	0.8	1.0	0.7	0.9
Inhalants	0.5^a	0.4	0.4	0.5	0.4	0.4	0.3
Nonmedical Use of Psychotherapeutics^2,3	5.5	6.1	6.1	6.3	6.5	6.0	5.9
Pain Relievers	4.1^a	4.7	4.7	4.7	4.9	4.6	4.6
OxyContin^®	--	--	0.4	0.4	0.4	0.5	0.4
Tranquilizers	1.6	1.7	1.8	1.9	2.0	1.7	1.7
Stimulants³	1.3^a	1.3	1.5^b	1.4^b	1.4^a	1.1	1.1
Methamphetamine³	0.6^b	0.6^b	0.7^b	0.7^b	0.6^b	0.4	0.2
Sedatives	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2
ILLICIT DRUGS OTHER THAN MARIJUANA¹	7.9	8.4	8.1	8.8^a	8.9^b	8.1	7.8

90331 (8.12B)

Table G.9 – Types of Illicit Drug Use in the Past Month among Persons Aged 26 or Older: Percentages, 2002-2008
Drug	2002	2003	2004	2005	2006	2007	2008
Low precision; no estimate reported. -- Not available. ^a Difference between estimate and 2008 estimate is statistically significant at the 0.05 level. ^b Difference between estimate and 2008 estimate is statistically significant at the 0.01 level. ¹ Illicit Drugs include marijuana/hashish, cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or prescription-type psychotherapeutics used nonmedically. Illicit Drugs Other Than Marijuana include cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or prescription-type psychotherapeutics used nonmedically. The estimates for Nonmedical Use of Psychotherapeutics, Stimulants, and Methamphetamine incorporated in these summary estimates do not include data from the methamphetamine items added in 2005 and 2006. See Section B.4.8* in Appendix B of the Results from the 2008 National Survey on Drug Use and Health: National Findings. ² Nonmedical use of prescription-type psychotherapeutics includes the nonmedical use of pain relievers, tranquilizers, stimulants, or sedatives and does not include over-the-counter drugs. ³ Estimates of Nonmedical Use of Psychotherapeutics, Stimulants, and Methamphetamine in the designated rows include data from methamphetamine items added in 2005 and 2006 and are not comparable with estimates presented in NSDUH reports prior to the 2007 National Findings report. For the 2002 through 2005 survey years, a Bernoulli stochastic imputation procedure was used to generate adjusted estimates comparable with estimates for survey years 2006 and later. See Section B.4.8 in Appendix B of the Results from the 2008 National Survey on Drug Use and Health: National Findings. Source: SAMHSA, Office of Applied Studies, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2002, 2003, 2004, 2005, 2006, 2007, and 2008.
ILLICIT DRUGS¹	5.8	5.6	5.5	5.8	6.1	5.8	5.9
Marijuana and Hashish	4.0	4.0	4.1	4.1	4.2	3.9	4.2
Cocaine	0.7	0.8	0.7	0.8	0.8	0.7	0.7
Crack	0.3^a	0.3^a	0.2	0.3^a	0.3^b	0.3^a	0.2
Heroin	0.1	0.0	0.1	0.0	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hallucinogens	0.2	0.1	0.1	0.2	0.1	0.2	0.1
LSD	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	*
PCP	0.0	*	0.0	0.0	*	0.0	*
Ecstasy	0.1	0.1	0.1	0.1	0.1	0.1	0.1
Inhalants	0.1	0.1^a	0.1	0.1	0.2	0.1	0.1
Nonmedical Use of Psychotherapeutics^2,3	2.0	2.0	1.8	1.9	2.2^a	2.2	1.9
Pain Relievers	1.3	1.3	1.2	1.3	1.5	1.6	1.4
OxyContin^®	--	--	0.1^a	0.1	0.1^a	0.1	0.1
Tranquilizers	0.6	0.6	0.5	0.6	0.5	0.6	0.6
Stimulants³	0.4^a	0.4^a	0.4^a	0.3	0.4^b	0.3	0.2
Methamphetamine³	0.2^b	0.3^b	0.2^b	0.2	0.3^b	0.2	0.1
Sedatives	0.2^b	0.1	0.1	0.1	0.2^a	0.1	0.1
ILLICIT DRUGS OTHER THAN MARIJUANA¹	2.7	2.6	2.3	2.6	2.9	2.9	2.5

90331 (1.11B)

Table G.10 – Illicit Drug Use in Lifetime, Past Year, and Past Month, by Detailed Age Category: Percentages, 2007 and 2008
Age Category	Lifetime (2007)	Lifetime (2008)	Past Year (2007)	Past Year (2008)	Past Month (2007)	Past Month (2008)
*Low precision; no estimate reported. NOTE: Illicit Drugs include marijuana/hashish, cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or prescription-type psychotherapeutics used nonmedically, based on data from original questions not including methamphetamine items added in 2005 and 2006. ^a Difference between estimate and 2008 estimate is statistically significant at the 0.05 level. ^b Difference between estimate and 2008 estimate is statistically significant at the 0.01 level. Source: SAMHSA, Office of Applied Studies, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2007 and 2008.
TOTAL	46.1	47.0	14.4	14.2	8.0	8.0
12	9.9	11.2	5.4^a	7.2	2.7	3.1
13	16.4	15.2	10.2	9.9	4.0	3.4
14	21.4	21.5	14.7	14.9	6.7	6.7
15	29.0	28.4	21.4	20.4	11.0	10.5
16	37.6	35.8	28.6	27.5	14.8	13.5
17	41.5	42.0	30.8	31.8	17.4	17.0
18	46.9	47.5	34.8	34.7	20.7	20.3
19	53.3	52.5	36.6	37.6	22.3	22.2
20	57.1	55.7	36.6	36.9	22.0	22.3
21	60.3	59.0	37.6	35.6	23.1	20.9
22	59.6	60.1	32.8	34.8	20.0	20.7
23	62.7^a	59.1	31.6	28.8	17.5	17.3
24	62.1	59.9	28.7	29.6	16.1	17.4
25	60.1	61.7	25.4^a	28.7	15.4	15.4
26-29	57.8^a	61.1	23.0	23.4	12.8	13.0
30-34	55.5	55.4	16.9	16.4	9.4	9.6
35-39	56.1	55.2	13.9	14.6	7.3	8.6
40-44	58.6	60.2	13.1	12.9	7.0	6.3
45-49	61.0	62.7	11.9	11.5	7.2	7.0
50-54	58.9	58.0	10.6	8.1	5.7	4.3
55-59	51.6	51.9	8.0	7.7	4.1	5.0
60-64	35.0^a	41.3	4.4	5.2	1.9	3.0
65 or Older	10.7^a	13.5	1.0	1.4	0.7	1.0

90331 (1.19B)

Table G.11 – Illicit Drug Use in Lifetime, Past Year, and Past Month among Persons Aged 12 or Older, by Demographic Characteristics: Percentages, 2007 and 2008
Demographic Characteristic	Lifetime (2007)	Lifetime (2008)	Past Year (2007)	Past Year (2008)	Past Month (2007)	Past Month (2008)
*Low precision; no estimate reported. NOTE: Illicit Drugs include marijuana/hashish, cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or prescription-type psychotherapeutics used nonmedically, based on data from original questions not including methamphetamine items added in 2005 and 2006. ^a Difference between estimate and 2008 estimate is statistically significant at the 0.05 level. ^b Difference between estimate and 2008 estimate is statistically significant at the 0.01 level. Source: SAMHSA, Office of Applied Studies, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2007 and 2008.
TOTAL	46.1	47.0	14.4	14.2	8.0	8.0
AGE
12-17	26.2	26.2	18.7	19.0	9.5	9.3
18-25	57.4	56.6	33.2	33.5	19.7	19.6
26 or Older	46.8	48.0	10.6	10.3	5.8	5.9
GENDER
Male	50.6	51.3	17.4^a	16.4	10.4	9.9
Female	41.8	42.9	11.6	12.2	5.8^a	6.3
HISPANIC ORIGIN AND RACE
Not Hispanic or Latino	48.0	48.7	14.8	14.5	8.2	8.3
White	50.3	50.7	14.9	14.4	8.2	8.2
Black or African American	43.1	46.1	16.0	16.9	9.5	10.1
American Indian or Alaska Native	54.6	57.6	18.4	19.5	12.6	9.5
Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander	*	*	13.3	*	*	7.3
Asian	22.8	21.2	7.2	7.4	4.2	3.6
Two or More Races	51.5	56.1	22.1	21.2	11.8	14.7
Hispanic or Latino	34.2	36.4	12.2	12.3	6.6	6.2

90331 (1.20B)

Table G.12 – Illicit Drug Use in Lifetime, Past Year, and Past Month among Persons Aged 12 to 17, by Demographic Characteristics: Percentages, 2007 and 2008
Demographic Characteristic	Lifetime (2007)	Lifetime (2008)	Past Year (2007)	Past Year (2008)	Past Month (2007)	Past Month (2008)
*Low precision; no estimate reported. NOTE: Illicit Drugs include marijuana/hashish, cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or prescription-type psychotherapeutics used nonmedically, based on data from original questions not including methamphetamine items added in 2005 and 2006. ^a Difference between estimate and 2008 estimate is statistically significant at the 0.05 level. ^b Difference between estimate and 2008 estimate is statistically significant at the 0.01 level. Source: SAMHSA, Office of Applied Studies, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2007 and 2008.
TOTAL	26.2	26.2	18.7	19.0	9.5	9.3
GENDER
Male	27.1	26.0	19.4	19.0	10.0	9.5
Female	25.4	26.3	18.0	18.9	9.1	9.1
HISPANIC ORIGIN AND RACE
Not Hispanic or Latino	26.6	26.0	19.1	19.0	9.9	9.3
White	27.0	26.2	19.9	19.7	10.2	9.8
Black or African American	26.7	26.2	17.6	17.6	9.4	8.2
American Indian or Alaska Native	43.1	43.8	*	31.3	*	18.2
Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander	*	*	*	*	*	*
Asian	16.3	16.8	10.9	9.8	6.0^a	2.7
Two or More Races	28.4	30.1	18.9	24.8	9.2	13.5
Hispanic or Latino	24.7	27.0	17.1	18.8	8.1	8.9
GENDER/RACE/HISPANIC ORIGIN
Male, White, Not Hispanic	27.2^a	25.1	20.1	18.9	10.4	10.0
Female, White, Not Hispanic	26.7	27.4	19.8	20.6	9.9	9.6
Male, Black, Not Hispanic	27.7	29.0	18.0	20.3	10.1	9.0
Female, Black, Not Hispanic	25.8	23.5	17.1	15.0	8.8	7.3
Male, Hispanic	26.5	27.9	18.6	20.0	8.6	9.2
Female, Hispanic	22.9	26.1	15.5	17.5	7.6	8.6

90331 (1.23B)

Table G.13 – Illicit Drug Use in Lifetime, Past Year, and Past Month among Persons Aged 18 or Older, by Demographic Characteristics: Percentages, 2007 and 2008
Demographic Characteristic	Lifetime (2007)	Lifetime (2008)	Past Year (2007)	Past Year (2008)	Past Month (2007)	Past Month (2008)
*Low precision; no estimate reported. NOTE: Illicit Drugs include marijuana/hashish, cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or prescription-type psychotherapeutics used nonmedically, based on data from original questions not including methamphetamine items added in 2005 and 2006. ^a Difference between estimate and 2008 estimate is statistically significant at the 0.05 level. ^b Difference between estimate and 2008 estimate is statistically significant at the 0.01 level. ¹ The Other Employment category includes retired persons, disabled persons, homemakers, students, or other persons not in the labor force. Source: SAMHSA, Office of Applied Studies, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2007 and 2008.
TOTAL	48.4	49.3	13.9	13.7	7.8	7.9
GENDER
Male	53.5	54.2	17.1	16.1	10.4	9.9
Female	43.6	44.6	10.9	11.5	5.4^a	6.0
HISPANIC ORIGIN AND RACE
Not Hispanic or Latino	50.3	51.0	14.3	14.1	8.1	8.2
White	52.6	53.1	14.4	13.9	8.0	8.1
Black or African American	45.5	49.0	15.8	16.8	9.5	10.3
American Indian or Alaska Native	56.3	59.6	16.7	17.8	12.0	8.3
Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander	*	*	12.5	*	*	6.5
Asian	23.5	21.6	6.8	7.2	4.0	3.7
Two or More Races	55.6	61.3	22.7	20.4	12.3	14.9
Hispanic or Latino	35.7	37.9	11.5	11.3	6.4	5.8
EDUCATION
< High School	36.0	37.7	15.0	13.5	9.3^a	8.1
High School Graduate	46.1	46.9	14.0	14.4	8.6	8.6
Some College	55.2	56.4	16.4	16.1	8.9	9.4
College Graduate	51.8	51.8	10.8	10.9	5.1	5.7
CURRENT EMPLOYMENT
Full-Time	56.7	57.1	15.1	14.4	8.4	8.0
Part-Time	49.7	50.9	17.6	18.1	10.1	10.2
Unemployed	59.7	62.5	28.5	29.8	18.3	19.6
Other¹	30.8	31.4	8.5	8.0	4.7	4.9

90406 (8.22A)

Table G.14 – Tobacco Product and Alcohol Use in the Past Month among Persons Aged 12 or Older, by Gender: Numbers in Thousands, 2002-2008
Gender/Substance	2002	2003	2004	2005	2006	2007	2008
*Low precision; no estimate reported. ^a Difference between estimate and 2008 estimate is statistically significant at the 0.05 level. ^b Difference between estimate and 2008 estimate is statistically significant at the 0.01 level. ¹ Tobacco Products include cigarettes, smokeless tobacco (i.e., chewing tobacco or snuff), cigars, or pipe tobacco. ² Binge Alcohol Use is defined as drinking five or more drinks on the same occasion (i.e., at the same time or within a couple of hours of each other) on at least 1 day in the past 30 days. Heavy Alcohol Use is defined as drinking five or more drinks on the same occasion on each of 5 or more days in the past 30 days; all heavy alcohol users are also binge alcohol users. Source: SAMHSA, Office of Applied Studies, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2002, 2003, 2004, 2005, 2006, 2007, and 2008.
TOTAL
TOBACCO PRODUCTS¹	71,499	70,757	70,257	71,519	72,873	70,939	70,868
Cigarettes	61,136	60,434	59,896	60,532	61,565	60,069	59,781
Smokeless Tobacco	7,787^a	7,725^a	7,154^b	7,682^a	8,231	8,051	8,670
Cigars	12,751	12,837	13,727	13,640	13,708	13,263	13,126
Pipe Tobacco	1,816	1,619	1,835	2,190	2,321^a	2,046	1,877
ALCOHOL	119,820^b	118,965^b	120,934^b	126,028^a	125,309^b	126,760	128,974
Binge Alcohol Use²	53,787^b	53,770^b	54,725^b	55,090^b	56,575	57,778	58,096
Heavy Alcohol Use²	15,860^a	16,144^a	16,689	16,035^a	16,946	17,010	17,292
MALE
TOBACCO PRODUCTS¹	41,991	41,288	41,569	42,175	43,389	42,369	41,881
Cigarettes	32,636	32,263	32,278	32,312	33,220	32,607	31,942
Smokeless Tobacco	7,242^a	7,096^b	6,730^b	7,174^b	7,843	7,589	8,215
Cigars	10,669	10,372	11,375	11,355	11,092	10,940	10,900
Pipe Tobacco	1,487	1,400	1,579	1,877^a	2,023^a	1,797	1,486
ALCOHOL	65,210^b	65,927^b	66,317^b	68,497	68,025^a	68,088^a	69,989
Binge Alcohol Use²	35,456^b	35,565^b	36,195^b	36,025^b	37,298	38,128	38,292
Heavy Alcohol Use²	12,216	11,958	12,388	12,172	12,775	12,786	12,882
FEMALE
TOBACCO PRODUCTS¹	29,509	29,469	28,688	29,344	29,484	28,570	28,986
Cigarettes	28,500	28,171	27,618	28,220	28,345	27,462	27,839
Smokeless Tobacco	545	628	424	508	388	461	455
Cigars	2,082	2,465	2,352	2,285	2,616^a	2,323	2,226
Pipe Tobacco	330	219^b	256	313	298	249^a	391
ALCOHOL	54,610^b	53,038^b	54,616^b	57,531	57,283	58,672	58,986
Binge Alcohol Use²	18,331^a	18,205^b	18,530^a	19,065	19,276	19,651	19,805
Heavy Alcohol Use²	3,645^b	4,186	4,301	3,863^a	4,172	4,225	4,410

90406 (8.22B)

Table G.15 – Tobacco Product and Alcohol Use in the Past Month among Persons Aged 12 or Older, by Gender: Percentages, 2002-2008
Gender/Substance	2002	2003	2004	2005	2006	2007	2008
*Low precision; no estimate reported. ^a Difference between estimate and 2008 estimate is statistically significant at the 0.05 level. ^b Difference between estimate and 2008 estimate is statistically significant at the 0.01 level. ¹ Tobacco Products include cigarettes, smokeless tobacco (i.e., chewing tobacco or snuff), cigars, or pipe tobacco. ² Binge Alcohol Use is defined as drinking five or more drinks on the same occasion (i.e., at the same time or within a couple of hours of each other) on at least 1 day in the past 30 days. Heavy Alcohol Use is defined as drinking five or more drinks on the same occasion on each of 5 or more days in the past 30 days; all heavy alcohol users are also binge alcohol users. Source: SAMHSA, Office of Applied Studies, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2002, 2003, 2004, 2005, 2006, 2007, and 2008.
TOTAL
TOBACCO PRODUCTS¹	30.4^b	29.8^b	29.2	29.4^a	29.6^a	28.6	28.4
Cigarettes	26.0^b	25.4^b	24.9^a	24.9^a	25.0^a	24.2	23.9
Smokeless Tobacco	3.3	3.3	3.0^b	3.2	3.3	3.2	3.5
Cigars	5.4	5.4	5.7^a	5.6	5.6	5.4	5.3
Pipe Tobacco	0.8	0.7	0.8	0.9	0.9^a	0.8	0.8
ALCOHOL	51.0	50.1^b	50.3^a	51.8	50.9	51.1	51.6
Binge Alcohol Use²	22.9	22.6	22.8	22.7	23.0	23.3	23.3
Heavy Alcohol Use²	6.7	6.8	6.9	6.6	6.9	6.9	6.9
MALE
TOBACCO PRODUCTS¹	37.0^b	35.9	35.7	35.8	36.4^a	35.2	34.5
Cigarettes	28.7^b	28.1^b	27.7^a	27.4	27.8^a	27.1	26.3
Smokeless Tobacco	6.4	6.2	5.8^b	6.1^a	6.6	6.3	6.8
Cigars	9.4	9.0	9.8^a	9.6	9.3	9.1	9.0
Pipe Tobacco	1.3	1.2	1.4	1.6^a	1.7^b	1.5	1.2
ALCOHOL	57.4	57.3	56.9	58.1	57.0	56.6	57.7
Binge Alcohol Use²	31.2	30.9	31.1	30.5	31.2	31.7	31.6
Heavy Alcohol Use²	10.8	10.4	10.6	10.3	10.7	10.6	10.6
FEMALE
TOBACCO PRODUCTS¹	24.3^b	24.0^a	23.1	23.4	23.3	22.4	22.5
Cigarettes	23.4^b	23.0^a	22.3	22.5	22.4	21.5	21.7
Smokeless Tobacco	0.4	0.5	0.3	0.4	0.3	0.4	0.4
Cigars	1.7	2.0^a	1.9	1.8	2.1^a	1.8	1.7
Pipe Tobacco	0.3	0.2^a	0.2	0.3	0.2	0.2^a	0.3
ALCOHOL	44.9	43.2^b	44.0^a	45.9	45.2	46.0	45.9
Binge Alcohol Use²	15.1	14.8	14.9	15.2	15.2	15.4	15.4
Heavy Alcohol Use²	3.0^a	3.4	3.5	3.1	3.3	3.3	3.4

90406 (8.23B)

Table G.16 – Tobacco Product and Alcohol Use in the Past Month among Persons Aged 12 to 17, by Gender: Percentages, 2002-2008
Gender/Substance	2002	2003	2004	2005	2006	2007	2008
*Low precision; no estimate reported. ^a Difference between estimate and 2008 estimate is statistically significant at the 0.05 level. ^b Difference between estimate and 2008 estimate is statistically significant at the 0.01 level. ¹ Tobacco Products include cigarettes, smokeless tobacco (i.e., chewing tobacco or snuff), cigars, or pipe tobacco. ² Binge Alcohol Use is defined as drinking five or more drinks on the same occasion (i.e., at the same time or within a couple of hours of each other) on at least 1 day in the past 30 days. Heavy Alcohol Use is defined as drinking five or more drinks on the same occasion on each of 5 or more days in the past 30 days; all heavy alcohol users are also binge alcohol users. Source: SAMHSA, Office of Applied Studies, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2002, 2003, 2004, 2005, 2006, 2007, and 2008.
TOTAL
TOBACCO PRODUCTS¹	15.2^b	14.4^b	14.4^b	13.1^b	12.9^b	12.4^a	11.4
Cigarettes	13.0^b	12.2^b	11.9^b	10.8^b	10.4^b	9.8^a	9.1
Smokeless Tobacco	2.0	2.0	2.3	2.1	2.4	2.4	2.2
Cigars	4.5^b	4.5^b	4.8^b	4.2	4.1	4.2	3.8
Pipe Tobacco	0.6	0.6	0.7	0.6	0.7	0.7	0.7
ALCOHOL	17.6^b	17.7^b	17.6^b	16.5^b	16.6^b	15.9^b	14.6
Binge Alcohol Use²	10.7^b	10.6^b	11.1^b	9.9^b	10.3^b	9.7^b	8.8
Heavy Alcohol Use²	2.5^b	2.6^b	2.7^b	2.4^a	2.4^a	2.3	2.0
MALE
TOBACCO PRODUCTS¹	16.0^b	15.6^b	15.3^b	14.2^b	14.0^a	14.1^b	12.6
Cigarettes	12.3^b	11.9^b	11.3^b	10.7^b	10.0^a	10.0^a	9.0
Smokeless Tobacco	3.4	3.7	4.0	3.7	4.2	4.4	3.9
Cigars	6.2^a	6.2^a	6.6^b	5.8	5.5	6.0	5.3
Pipe Tobacco	0.7	0.9	0.9	0.8	0.9	0.9	0.8
ALCOHOL	17.4^b	17.1^b	17.2^b	15.9^b	16.3^b	15.9^b	14.2
Binge Alcohol Use²	11.4^b	11.1^b	11.6^b	10.4^b	10.7^b	10.6^b	8.9
Heavy Alcohol Use²	3.1^b	2.9^a	3.2^b	3.0^a	2.8^a	2.8	2.3
FEMALE
TOBACCO PRODUCTS¹	14.4^b	13.3^b	13.5^b	11.9^b	11.8^b	10.6	10.2
Cigarettes	13.6^b	12.5^b	12.5^b	10.8^b	10.7^b	9.7	9.2
Smokeless Tobacco	0.4	0.3^a	0.4	0.4	0.4	0.4	0.5
Cigars	2.7	2.7	2.8^a	2.5	2.7	2.4	2.2
Pipe Tobacco	0.4	0.3^b	0.5	0.4	0.4	0.5	0.6
ALCOHOL	17.9^b	18.3^b	18.0^b	17.2^b	17.0^b	16.0	15.0
Binge Alcohol Use²	9.9^a	10.1^b	10.5^b	9.4	9.9^a	8.8	8.7
Heavy Alcohol Use²	1.9	2.3^b	2.1^a	1.8	1.9	1.8	1.6

90406 (8.24B)

Table G.17 – Tobacco Product and Alcohol Use in the Past Month among Persons Aged 18 to 25, by Gender: Percentages, 2002-2008
Gender/Substance	2002	2003	2004	2005	2006	2007	2008
*Low precision; no estimate reported. ^a Difference between estimate and 2008 estimate is statistically significant at the 0.05 level. ^b Difference between estimate and 2008 estimate is statistically significant at the 0.01 level. ¹ Tobacco Products include cigarettes, smokeless tobacco (i.e., chewing tobacco or snuff), cigars, or pipe tobacco. ² Binge Alcohol Use is defined as drinking five or more drinks on the same occasion (i.e., at the same time or within a couple of hours of each other) on at least 1 day in the past 30 days. Heavy Alcohol Use is defined as drinking five or more drinks on the same occasion on each of 5 or more days in the past 30 days; all heavy alcohol users are also binge alcohol users. Source: SAMHSA, Office of Applied Studies, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2002, 2003, 2004, 2005, 2006, 2007, and 2008.
TOTAL
TOBACCO PRODUCTS¹	45.3^b	44.8^b	44.6^b	44.3^b	43.9^b	41.8	41.4
Cigarettes	40.8^b	40.2^b	39.5^b	39.0^b	38.4^b	36.2	35.7
Smokeless Tobacco	4.8	4.7^a	4.9	5.1	5.2	5.3	5.4
Cigars	11.0	11.4	12.7^b	12.0	12.1^a	11.8	11.3
Pipe Tobacco	1.1^a	0.9^b	1.2	1.5	1.3	1.2	1.4
ALCOHOL	60.5	61.4	60.5	60.9	61.9	61.2	61.2
Binge Alcohol Use²	40.9	41.6	41.2	41.9	42.2	41.8	41.0
Heavy Alcohol Use²	14.9	15.1	15.1	15.3	15.6^a	14.7	14.5
MALE
TOBACCO PRODUCTS¹	52.1^b	51.7^b	51.7^b	51.6^b	51.0^a	50.0	48.8
Cigarettes	44.4^b	44.2^b	43.5^b	42.9^b	41.9^a	40.5	39.5
Smokeless Tobacco	9.4	8.9^b	9.5	9.7	9.9	9.9	10.3
Cigars	16.8	17.3	19.7^b	18.3	18.7^a	18.4	17.2
Pipe Tobacco	1.7	1.4^b	2.1	2.3	2.2	1.9	2.0
ALCOHOL	65.2	66.9^b	64.9	66.3^a	65.9	65.3	64.3
Binge Alcohol Use²	50.2	51.3^b	50.1	51.7^b	50.2	49.8	48.4
Heavy Alcohol Use²	21.1	21.2	21.2	21.7^a	21.0	19.9	19.9
FEMALE
TOBACCO PRODUCTS¹	38.4^b	37.8^b	37.4^b	36.9^b	36.8^b	33.6	33.8
Cigarettes	37.1^b	36.2^b	35.5^b	35.0^b	34.9^b	31.8	31.8
Smokeless Tobacco	0.3	0.4	0.4	0.5	0.4	0.5	0.4
Cigars	5.2	5.5	5.8	5.6	5.5	5.1	5.3
Pipe Tobacco	0.4^a	0.4^a	0.4^b	0.6	0.5^a	0.5	0.7
ALCOHOL	55.7^a	55.8^a	56.0^a	55.4^b	57.9	57.1	58.0
Binge Alcohol Use²	31.7^a	31.8^a	32.3	31.9	34.0	33.7	33.6
Heavy Alcohol Use²	8.7	9.0	8.8	8.8	10.0^a	9.5	9.0

90406 (8.25B)

Table G.18 – Tobacco Product and Alcohol Use in the Past Month among Persons Aged 26 or Older, by Gender: Percentages, 2002-2008
Gender/Substance	2002	2003	2004	2005	2006	2007	2008
*Low precision; no estimate reported. ^a Difference between estimate and 2008 estimate is statistically significant at the 0.05 level. ^b Difference between estimate and 2008 estimate is statistically significant at the 0.01 level. ¹ Tobacco Products include cigarettes, smokeless tobacco (i.e., chewing tobacco or snuff), cigars, or pipe tobacco. ² Binge Alcohol Use is defined as drinking five or more drinks on the same occasion (i.e., at the same time or within a couple of hours of each other) on at least 1 day in the past 30 days. Heavy Alcohol Use is defined as drinking five or more drinks on the same occasion on each of 5 or more days in the past 30 days; all heavy alcohol users are also binge alcohol users. Source: SAMHSA, Office of Applied Studies, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2002, 2003, 2004, 2005, 2006, 2007, and 2008.
TOTAL
TOBACCO PRODUCTS¹	29.9^a	29.3	28.5	29.0	29.4	28.5	28.3
Cigarettes	25.2^a	24.7	24.1	24.3	24.7	24.1	23.8
Smokeless Tobacco	3.2	3.2	2.7^b	3.0	3.2	3.0	3.3
Cigars	4.6	4.5	4.6	4.7	4.6	4.4	4.4
Pipe Tobacco	0.8	0.6	0.7	0.8	0.9^a	0.8	0.6
ALCOHOL	53.9	52.5^b	53.0^a	55.1	53.7	54.1	54.8
Binge Alcohol Use²	21.4	21.0^a	21.1	21.0^a	21.4	21.9	22.1
Heavy Alcohol Use²	5.9	5.9	6.1	5.6^a	6.0	6.1	6.3
MALE
TOBACCO PRODUCTS¹	37.3^a	36.0	35.7	36.0	36.9^a	35.6	35.0
Cigarettes	28.3^a	27.5	27.2	27.0	27.8	27.1	26.4
Smokeless Tobacco	6.3	6.0	5.3^b	5.8	6.3	5.9	6.5
Cigars	8.5	7.9	8.4	8.6	8.1	7.8	8.0
Pipe Tobacco	1.3	1.2	1.3	1.6^a	1.7^b	1.5	1.1
ALCOHOL	61.9	61.5	61.3	62.7	61.2	60.8	62.5
Binge Alcohol Use²	30.7	30.1	30.4	29.6^a	30.7	31.4	31.7
Heavy Alcohol Use²	10.0	9.5	9.8	9.3	10.0	10.1	10.1
FEMALE
TOBACCO PRODUCTS¹	23.2	23.1	22.0	22.6	22.5	22.0	22.2
Cigarettes	22.5	22.1	21.3	21.9	21.8	21.3	21.5
Smokeless Tobacco	0.5	0.6	0.3	0.4	0.3	0.3	0.3
Cigars	1.0	1.3	1.1	1.1	1.4^a	1.2	1.1
Pipe Tobacco	0.2	0.1	0.1	0.2	0.2	0.1	0.2
ALCOHOL	46.6	44.3^b	45.4^a	48.0	46.7	47.9	47.7
Binge Alcohol Use²	13.0	12.6	12.6	13.2	12.8	13.2	13.2
Heavy Alcohol Use²	2.2^a	2.6	2.7	2.3	2.4	2.5	2.7

90406 (8.27B)

Table G.19 – Alcohol Use in Lifetime, Past Year, and Past Month among Persons Aged 12 to 20, by Gender: Percentages, 2002-2008
Gender/Alcohol Use	2002	2003	2004	2005	2006	2007	2008
*Low precision; no estimate reported. ^a Difference between estimate and 2008 estimate is statistically significant at the 0.05 level. ^b Difference between estimate and 2008 estimate is statistically significant at the 0.01 level. ¹ Binge Alcohol Use is defined as drinking five or more drinks on the same occasion (i.e., at the same time or within a couple of hours of each other) on at least 1 day in the past 30 days. Heavy Alcohol Use is defined as drinking five or more drinks on the same occasion on each of 5 or more days in the past 30 days; all heavy alcohol users are also binge alcohol users. Source: SAMHSA, Office of Applied Studies, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2002, 2003, 2004, 2005, 2006, 2007, and 2008.
TOTAL
Lifetime	56.2^b	55.8^b	54.9^b	53.9^b	53.9^b	52.9	52.2
Past Year	47.0^b	46.8^b	46.6^b	46.3^b	46.1^b	45.1	44.3
Past Month	28.8^b	29.0^b	28.7^b	28.2^b	28.3^b	27.9^a	26.4
Binge Alcohol Use¹	19.3^b	19.2^b	19.6^b	18.8^b	19.0^b	18.6^a	17.4
Heavy Alcohol Use¹	6.2^a	6.1^a	6.3^a	6.0	6.2^a	6.0	5.5
MALE
Lifetime	56.5^b	55.0^b	54.9^b	53.7^a	54.0^b	53.0	52.0
Past Year	46.6^b	45.6^b	46.3^b	45.6^b	46.0^b	45.1^a	43.5
Past Month	29.6^b	29.9^b	29.6^b	28.9^a	29.2^b	28.4	27.1
Binge Alcohol Use¹	21.8^b	21.7^b	22.1^b	21.3^b	21.3^b	21.1^b	19.2
Heavy Alcohol Use¹	8.1^b	7.9^a	8.2^b	7.6	7.9^a	7.8	7.0
FEMALE
Lifetime	56.0^b	56.6^b	54.8^b	54.2^a	53.7	52.8	52.4
Past Year	47.5^b	48.0^b	46.9^a	46.9^a	46.2	45.1	45.1
Past Month	28.0^b	28.1^b	27.8^b	27.5^a	27.4^a	27.3^a	25.8
Binge Alcohol Use¹	16.7	16.5	17.0^a	16.1	16.5	16.1	15.5
Heavy Alcohol Use¹	4.2	4.3	4.3	4.3	4.3	4.2	4.0

90327 (2.16B)

Table G.20 – Alcohol Use, Binge Alcohol Use, and Heavy Alcohol Use in the Past Month, by Detailed Age Category: Percentages, 2007 and 2008
Age Category	Alcohol Use (2007)	Alcohol Use (2008)	Binge Alcohol Use (2007)	Binge Alcohol Use (2008)	Heavy Alcohol Use (2007)	Heavy Alcohol Use (2008)
*Low precision; no estimate reported. NOTE: Binge Alcohol Use is defined as drinking five or more drinks on the same occasion (i.e., at the same time or within a couple of hours of each other) on at least 1 day in the past 30 days. Heavy Alcohol Use is defined as drinking five or more drinks on the same occasion on each of 5 or more days in the past 30 days; all heavy alcohol users are also binge alcohol users. ^a Difference between estimate and 2008 estimate is statistically significant at the 0.05 level. ^b Difference between estimate and 2008 estimate is statistically significant at the 0.01 level. Source: SAMHSA, Office of Applied Studies, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2007 and 2008.
TOTAL	51.1	51.6	23.3	23.3	6.9	6.9
12	2.2	2.1	0.9	0.9	0.1	0.1
13	4.7	4.6	2.0	2.1	0.1	0.3
14	10.0	10.6	4.5	5.1	0.4	0.6
15	19.0^b	15.5	10.9^b	8.6	2.4	1.5
16	23.8	22.2	15.1	14.7	3.8	3.7
17	34.6^b	30.3	23.9^b	19.6	7.1^a	5.2
18	41.8	41.5	28.9	28.2	9.6	9.1
19	53.7	50.5	38.8	35.5	14.1	13.1
20	57.8	55.5	40.3	38.4	15.8	15.4
21	71.8	70.6	50.1	49.0	17.9	17.3
22	66.5^a	70.4	46.9	46.9	16.9	18.0
23	68.4	69.0	45.3	45.0	16.2	14.8
24	67.4	69.8	44.3	46.2	15.6	15.9
25	67.3	67.8	42.7	42.5	12.6	13.4
26-29	63.2^a	67.4	37.9^b	42.6	10.5^a	13.2
30-34	62.1	59.9	32.6	30.8	9.0	8.1
35-39	59.1	59.4	28.4	27.4	8.5	7.4
40-44	60.9	60.3	27.9	26.1	7.3	6.7
45-49	58.3	59.6	23.9	23.9	7.8	7.4
50-54	57.0	54.9	21.5	20.3	6.3	6.4
55-59	52.0	54.6	15.9	17.6	4.5	5.2
60-64	47.6	50.3	12.1	14.6	2.9	3.6
65 or Older	38.1	39.7	7.6	8.2	1.4	2.2

90327 (2.79B)

Table G.21 – Alcohol Use, Binge Alcohol Use, and Heavy Alcohol Use in the Past Month among Persons Aged 12 to 20, by Demographic Characteristics: Percentages, 2007 and 2008
Demographic Characteristic	Alcohol Use (2007)	Alcohol Use (2008)	Binge Alcohol Use (2007)	Binge Alcohol Use (2008)	Heavy Alcohol Use (2007)	Heavy Alcohol Use (2008)
*Low precision; no estimate reported. NOTE: Binge Alcohol Use is defined as drinking five or more drinks on the same occasion (i.e., at the same time or within a couple of hours of each other) on at least 1 day in the past 30 days. Heavy Alcohol Use is defined as drinking five or more drinks on the same occasion on each of 5 or more days in the past 30 days; all heavy alcohol users are also binge alcohol users. ^a Difference between estimate and 2008 estimate is statistically significant at the 0.05 level. ^b Difference between estimate and 2008 estimate is statistically significant at the 0.01 level. Source: SAMHSA, Office of Applied Studies, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2007 and 2008.
TOTAL	27.9^a	26.4	18.6^a	17.4	6.0	5.5
GENDER
Male	28.4	27.1	21.1^b	19.2	7.8	7.0
Female	27.3^a	25.8	16.1	15.5	4.2	4.0
HISPANIC ORIGIN AND RACE
Not Hispanic or Latino	28.6^a	27.2	19.1^a	17.9	6.4	5.9
White	32.0^b	30.1	22.4^a	20.8	8.0	7.2
Black or African American	18.3	19.0	8.4	9.3	1.5	1.9
American Indian or Alaska Native	28.3	26.4	*	*	*	4.0
Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander	*	*	*	*	4.7	5.8
Asian	16.8	17.2	9.6	9.4	1.9	2.1
Two or More Races	26.2	22.9	16.4	15.0	5.0	4.2
Hispanic or Latino	24.7	23.1	16.7	15.1	4.1	4.1
GENDER/RACE/HISPANIC ORIGIN
Male, White, Not Hispanic	32.7^a	30.3	25.1^b	22.6	10.2^a	8.8
Female, White, Not Hispanic	31.2	29.9	19.5	18.9	5.6	5.5
Male, Black, Not Hispanic	17.2	18.9	9.7	10.7	2.4	2.7
Female, Black, Not Hispanic	19.4	19.2	7.0	7.8	0.6	1.2
Male, Hispanic	25.8	25.3	19.2	17.3	5.6	5.6
Female, Hispanic	23.5	20.7	14.1	12.6	2.6	2.5

90327 (2.12B)

Table G.22 – Cigarette Use in Lifetime, Past Year, and Past Month, by Detailed Age Category: Percentages, 2007 and 2008
Age Category	Lifetime (2007)	Lifetime (2008)	Past Year (2007)	Past Year (2008)	Past Month (2007)	Past Month (2008)
*Low precision; no estimate reported. ^a Difference between estimate and 2008 estimate is statistically significant at the 0.05 level. ^b Difference between estimate and 2008 estimate is statistically significant at the 0.01 level. Source: SAMHSA, Office of Applied Studies, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2007 and 2008.
TOTAL	65.3	65.1	28.5	28.0	24.2	23.9
12	5.1	5.0	2.6	2.4	0.9	1.2
13	10.7	10.1	5.5	5.9	2.7	2.9
14	17.5	16.9	11.2	9.9	6.0	5.0
15	26.8	25.5	17.6	17.2	10.7	10.1
16	37.2	34.4	24.7	22.9	15.5	14.1
17	42.9	42.0	31.4	29.0	22.5^a	19.4
18	51.5	53.2	38.7	41.6	29.7	30.2
19	60.5	60.9	45.5	46.0	33.2	34.3
20	64.0	62.0	44.9	45.0	35.7	36.9
21	64.6	65.2	45.1	46.6	37.1	38.5
22	67.7	66.5	49.4	47.0	40.3	37.7
23	71.0	68.4	48.4	45.0	39.8^a	36.0
24	71.0	69.3	47.4	43.9	39.5^a	36.0
25	71.4	71.5	42.8	45.4	35.7	37.6
26-29	70.1	72.1	41.4	44.1	35.7	37.1
30-34	68.3	68.5	36.0	35.4	31.5	30.4
35-39	70.0	68.3	32.9^a	29.7	28.5	26.1
40-44	70.5	71.7	30.3	30.2	26.6	27.4
45-49	74.9	73.8	32.3	31.1	29.6	28.8
50-54	75.2	72.6	29.7	30.1	26.7	27.1
55-59	73.6	75.5	24.6	22.3	22.0	20.6
60-64	76.3	73.8	20.5	20.4	18.8	18.0
65 or Older	65.1	65.3	10.8	11.2	9.0	10.3

90327 (2.23B)

Table G.23 – Cigarette Use in Lifetime, Past Year, and Past Month among Persons Aged 12 to 17, by Demographic Characteristics: Percentages, 2007 and 2008
Demographic Characteristic	Lifetime (2007)	Lifetime (2008)	Past Year (2007)	Past Year (2008)	Past Month (2007)	Past Month (2008)
*Low precision; no estimate reported. ^a Difference between estimate and 2008 estimate is statistically significant at the 0.05 level. ^b Difference between estimate and 2008 estimate is statistically significant at the 0.01 level. Source: SAMHSA, Office of Applied Studies, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2007 and 2008.
TOTAL	23.7	22.9	15.7	15.0	9.8^a	9.1
GENDER
Male	24.5^a	22.6	16.0^a	14.8	10.0^a	9.0
Female	22.8	23.1	15.3	15.1	9.7	9.2
HISPANIC ORIGIN AND RACE
Not Hispanic or Latino	24.3^a	23.1	16.2^a	15.2	10.5^b	9.4
White	26.7^b	24.7	18.7^b	17.0	12.2^b	10.6
Black or African American	17.8	19.0	9.6	9.7	6.1	5.0
American Indian or Alaska Native	29.7	41.6	19.3	28.9	13.4	18.9
Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander	*	*	*	*	*	*
Asian	12.6	10.7	6.1	5.9	3.4	3.8
Two or More Races	24.2	25.4	14.5	18.1	8.9	13.1
Hispanic or Latino	20.8	22.0	13.1	14.0	6.7	7.9
GENDER/RACE/HISPANIC ORIGIN
Male, White, Not Hispanic	27.1^b	23.8	18.5^b	16.2	11.7^a	10.1
Female, White, Not Hispanic	26.3	25.7	18.8	17.8	12.7^a	11.2
Male, Black, Not Hispanic	17.9	19.9	10.1	10.9	6.8	5.4
Female, Black, Not Hispanic	17.7	18.0	9.0	8.6	5.4	4.5
Male, Hispanic	22.7	22.9	14.3	15.2	7.8	9.1
Female, Hispanic	18.8	21.0	11.9	12.7	5.6	6.6

90327 (2.26B)

Table G.24 – Cigarette Use in Lifetime, Past Year, and Past Month among Persons Aged 18 or Older, by Demographic Characteristics: Percentages, 2007 and 2008
Demographic Characteristic	Lifetime (2007)	Lifetime (2008)	Past Year (2007)	Past Year (2008)	Past Month (2007)	Past Month (2008)
*Low precision; no estimate reported. ^a Difference between estimate and 2008 estimate is statistically significant at the 0.05 level. ^b Difference between estimate and 2008 estimate is statistically significant at the 0.01 level. ¹ The Other Employment category includes retired persons, disabled persons, homemakers, students, or other persons not in the labor force. Source: SAMHSA, Office of Applied Studies, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2007 and 2008.
TOTAL	70.0	69.7	29.9	29.5	25.9	25.6
GENDER
Male	75.9	75.1	33.7	32.8	29.2	28.4
Female	64.5	64.7	26.4	26.4	22.8	23.0
HISPANIC ORIGIN AND RACE
Not Hispanic or Latino	72.2	71.6	30.3	30.0	26.4	26.3
White	76.2	75.8	31.0	30.5	26.9	26.6
Black or African American	58.7	58.4	29.5	30.7	25.8	27.8
American Indian or Alaska Native	78.6	77.6	44.7	52.1	37.6	47.7
Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander	*	*	*	*	*	*
Asian	41.4	37.3	18.7	15.9	15.3	12.7
Two or More Races	73.0	80.3	36.8	39.1	33.7	36.0
Hispanic or Latino	56.0	58.1	27.3	25.8	22.7	21.1
EDUCATION
< High School	64.1	65.2	37.0	38.1	32.9	34.4
High School Graduate	71.2	70.8	35.7	34.6	31.9	30.6
Some College	73.1	72.0	31.3	30.8	26.8	26.6
College Graduate	69.2	69.0	17.9	17.7	14.0	14.0
CURRENT EMPLOYMENT
Full-Time	72.4	72.4	31.9	31.5	27.6	27.2
Part-Time	68.1	67.9	29.7	28.5	24.5	23.8
Unemployed	70.9	70.7	49.5	47.3	44.6	43.0
Other¹	66.2	65.3	24.2	23.5	21.1	20.8

90330 (8.28B)

Table G.25 – Perceived Risk and Availability of Substances among Persons Aged 12 to 17: Percentages, 2002-2008
Risk/Availability	2002	2003	2004	2005	2006	2007	2008
*Low precision; no estimate reported. ^a Difference between estimate and 2008 estimate is statistically significant at the 0.05 level. ^b Difference between estimate and 2008 estimate is statistically significant at the 0.01 level. ¹ Response categories for the Perception of Risk questions include "No risk," "Slight risk," "Moderate risk," and "Great risk." The estimates in this table correspond to persons reporting "Great risk." Respondents with unknown Perception of Risk data were excluded. ² Respondents with unknown Perceived Availability data were excluded. ³ Response categories for the Perceived Availability questions include "Probably impossible," "Very difficult," "Fairly difficult," "Fairly easy," and "Very easy." The estimates in this table correspond to persons reporting "Fairly easy" or "Very easy." Source: SAMHSA, Office of Applied Studies, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2002, 2003, 2004, 2005, 2006, 2007, and 2008.
PERCEPTIONS OF GREAT RISK¹
Cigarettes
Smoke One or More Packs Per Day	63.1^b	64.2^b	67.5^b	68.3^a	68.7	68.8	69.7
Marijuana
Smoke Once a Month	32.4^a	34.9	35.0	34.0	34.7	34.5	33.9
Smoke Once or Twice a Week	51.5^a	54.4^a	54.7^b	55.0^b	54.2	54.7^b	53.1
Cocaine
Use Once a Month	50.5	51.4^b	49.6	48.8	49.0	49.6	49.7
Use Once or Twice a Week	79.8	80.7^b	79.8	79.9	79.2	78.9	79.2
Heroin
Try Once or Twice	58.5	58.8	57.0	56.5^a	57.2	57.0	57.7
Use Once or Twice a Week	82.5^a	82.6^a	81.4	81.8	81.2	81.0	81.3
LSD
Try Once or Twice	52.6^b	53.4^b	52.6^b	51.7	51.6	51.2	50.5
Use Once or Twice a Week	76.2^b	76.9^b	76.4^b	76.1^b	74.7	74.2	73.9
Alcohol
Have Four or Five Drinks Nearly Every Day	62.2^b	61.6^b	61.8^b	63.8^b	64.6^a	65.2	65.9
Have Five or More Drinks Once or Twice a Week	38.2^b	38.5^b	38.1^b	38.4^b	39.4	39.4	40.5
PERCEIVED AVAILABILITY²
Fairly or Very Easy to Obtain³
Marijuana	55.0^b	53.6^b	52.2^b	51.0^b	50.1	49.1	49.2
Cocaine	25.0^b	25.0^b	24.4^b	24.9^b	25.9^b	24.5^b	22.1
Crack	26.5^b	26.2^b	25.0^b	25.3^b	26.2^b	25.3^b	23.2
Heroin	15.8^b	15.3^b	14.0^a	14.0^a	14.4^b	14.1^a	13.0
LSD	19.4^b	17.6^b	16.9^b	15.7^b	14.0	14.4	13.8
Approached in the Past Month by Someone Selling Drugs	16.7^b	16.1^b	16.3^b	15.5^b	15.3^b	14.5	13.7

90407 (8.29A)

Table G.26 – Past Year Initiation of Substance Use among Persons Aged 12 or Older: Numbers in Thousands, 2002-2008
Substance	2002	2003	2004	2005	2006	2007	2008
*Low precision; no estimate reported. -- Not available. NOTE: Past Year Initiates are defined as persons who used the substance(s) for the first time in the 12 months prior to date of interview. ^a Difference between estimate and 2008 estimate is statistically significant at the 0.05 level. ^b Difference between estimate and 2008 estimate is statistically significant at the 0.01 level. ¹ Illicit Drugs include marijuana/hashish, cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or prescription-type psychotherapeutics used nonmedically. Illicit Drugs Other Than Marijuana include cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or prescription-type psychotherapeutics used nonmedically. ² Estimates in these designated rows do not include data from methamphetamine initiation items added in 2007 or methamphetamine use items added in 2005 and 2006. ³ Nonmedical use of prescription-type psychotherapeutics includes the nonmedical use of pain relievers, tranquilizers, stimulants, or sedatives and does not include over-the-counter drugs. ⁴ Daily Cigarette Use is defined as ever smoking every day for at least 30 days. Source: SAMHSA, Office of Applied Studies, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2002, 2003, 2004, 2005, 2006, 2007, and 2008.
ILLICIT DRUGS^1,2	2,656	2,627	2,784	2,908	2,789	2,670	2,885
Marijuana and Hashish	2,196	1,973^a	2,142	2,114	2,063	2,090	2,208
Cocaine	1,032^b	986^b	998^b	872^a	977^b	906^a	722
Crack	337^a	269	215	230	245	352	205
Heroin	117	92	118	108	91	106	114
Hallucinogens	1,152	886^b	934^a	953^a	1,116	1,064	1,127
LSD	338	200^b	235^b	243^b	264^b	270^b	394
PCP	123^b	105^b	106^a	77	69	58	53
Ecstasy	1,206^b	642^b	607^b	615^b	860	781	894
Inhalants	849	871^a	857^a	877^a	783	775	729
Nonmedical Use of Psychotherapeutics^2,3	2,552	2,583	2,836^a	2,526	2,576	2,532	2,512
Pain Relievers	2,320	2,456	2,422	2,193	2,150	2,147	2,176
OxyContin^®	--	--	615^a	526	533	554	478
Tranquilizers	1,184	1,071	1,180	1,286	1,112	1,232	1,127
Stimulants²	783^b	715	793^a	647	845^b	642	599
Sedatives	209	194	240	247	267	198	181
ILLICIT DRUGS OTHER THAN MARIJUANA^1,2	2,569	2,523	2,664	2,768	2,719	2,563	2,693
CIGARETTES	1,940^b	1,983^b	2,122^a	2,282	2,449	2,231	2,418
Daily Cigarette Use⁴	1,016	1,064	1,101^a	965	1,051	984	942
SMOKELESS TOBACCO	951^b	928^b	999^b	1,134^b	1,329	1,297	1,398
CIGARS	2,858	2,736	3,058	3,349^b	3,061	3,076	2,884
ALCOHOL	3,942^b	4,082^a	4,396	4,274	4,381	4,559	4,466

90407 (8.32A)

Table G.27 – Substance Dependence or Abuse for Specific Substances in the Past Year among Persons Aged 12 or Older: Numbers in Thousands, 2002-2008
Past Year Dependence or Abuse	2002	2003	2004	2005	2006	2007	2008
Low precision; no estimate reported. NOTE: Dependence or abuse is based on definitions found in the 4th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders* (DSM-IV). ^a Difference between estimate and 2008 estimate is statistically significant at the 0.05 level. ^b Difference between estimate and 2008 estimate is statistically significant at the 0.01 level. ¹ Illicit Drugs include marijuana/hashish, cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or prescription-type psychotherapeutics used nonmedically, based on data from original questions not including methamphetamine items added in 2005 and 2006. ² Estimates in these designated rows do not include data from methamphetamine use items added in 2005 and 2006. ³ Nonmedical use of prescription-type psychotherapeutics includes the nonmedical use of pain relievers, tranquilizers, stimulants, or sedatives and does not include over-the-counter drugs. Source: SAMHSA, Office of Applied Studies, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2002, 2003, 2004, 2005, 2006, 2007, and 2008.
ILLICIT DRUGS^1,2	7,116	6,835	7,298	6,833	7,020	6,851	6,990
Marijuana and Hashish	4,294	4,198	4,469	4,090	4,172	3,932	4,199
Cocaine	1,488	1,515	1,571	1,549	1,671	1,598	1,411
Heroin	214	189	270	227	323	213	282
Hallucinogens	426	321	449	371	380	368	358
Inhalants	180	169	233	221	176	164	175
Nonmedical Use of Psychotherapeutics^2,3	2,018	1,923	2,048	1,959	2,035	2,160	2,176
Pain Relievers	1,509	1,424^a	1,388^a	1,546	1,635	1,707	1,716
Tranquilizers	509	435	573	419	402	443	451
Stimulants²	436	378	470	409	390	406	351
Sedatives	154	158	128	97	121	154	126
ALCOHOL	18,100	17,805	18,654	18,658	18,799	18,638	18,331
BOTH ILLICIT DRUGS AND ALCOHOL^1,2	3,210	3,054	3,445	3,273	3,205	3,175	3,090
ILLICIT DRUGS OR ALCOHOL^1,2	22,006	21,586	22,506	22,218	22,613	22,313	22,231

90407 (8.32B)

Table G.28 – Substance Dependence or Abuse for Specific Substances in the Past Year among Persons Aged 12 or Older: Percentages, 2002-2008
Past Year Dependence or Abuse	2002	2003	2004	2005	2006	2007	2008
Low precision; no estimate reported. NOTE: Dependence or abuse is based on definitions found in the 4th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders* (DSM-IV). ^a Difference between estimate and 2008 estimate is statistically significant at the 0.05 level. ^b Difference between estimate and 2008 estimate is statistically significant at the 0.01 level. ¹ Illicit Drugs include marijuana/hashish, cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or prescription-type psychotherapeutics used nonmedically, based on data from original questions not including methamphetamine items added in 2005 and 2006. ² Estimates in these designated rows do not include data from methamphetamine use items added in 2005 and 2006. ³ Nonmedical use of prescription-type psychotherapeutics includes the nonmedical use of pain relievers, tranquilizers, stimulants, or sedatives and does not include over-the-counter drugs. Source: SAMHSA, Office of Applied Studies, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2002, 2003, 2004, 2005, 2006, 2007, and 2008.
ILLICIT DRUGS^1,2	3.0	2.9	3.0	2.8	2.9	2.8	2.8
Marijuana and Hashish	1.8	1.8	1.9	1.7	1.7	1.6	1.7
Cocaine	0.6	0.6	0.7	0.6	0.7	0.6	0.6
Heroin	0.1	0.1	0.1	0.1	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hallucinogens	0.2	0.1	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.1	0.1
Inhalants	0.1	0.1	0.1	0.1	0.1	0.1	0.1
Nonmedical Use of Psychotherapeutics^2,3	0.9	0.8	0.9	0.8	0.8	0.9	0.9
Pain Relievers	0.6	0.6	0.6^a	0.6	0.7	0.7	0.7
Tranquilizers	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2
Stimulants²	0.2	0.2	0.2^a	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.1
Sedatives	0.1	0.1	0.1	0.0	0.0	0.1	0.1
ALCOHOL	7.7	7.5	7.8	7.7	7.6	7.5	7.3
BOTH ILLICIT DRUGS AND ALCOHOL^1,2	1.4	1.3	1.4^a	1.3	1.3	1.3	1.2
ILLICIT DRUGS OR ALCOHOL^1,2	9.4	9.1	9.4	9.1	9.2	9.0	8.9

90416 (5.4B)

Table G.29 – Substance Dependence or Abuse in the Past Year among Persons Aged 12 or Older, by Demographic Characteristics: Percentages, 2007 and 2008
Demographic Characteristic	Illicit Drugs¹ (2007)	Illicit Drugs¹ (2008)	Alcohol (2007)	Alcohol (2008)	Illicit Drugs or Alcohol¹ (2007)	Illicit Drugs or Alcohol¹ (2008)
Low precision; no estimate reported. NOTE: Dependence or abuse is based on definitions found in the 4th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders* (DSM-IV). ^a Difference between estimate and 2008 estimate is statistically significant at the 0.05 level. ^b Difference between estimate and 2008 estimate is statistically significant at the 0.01 level. ¹ Illicit Drugs include marijuana/hashish, cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or prescription-type psychotherapeutics used nonmedically, based on data from original questions not including methamphetamine items added in 2005 and 2006. Source: SAMHSA, Office of Applied Studies, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2007 and 2008.
TOTAL	2.8	2.8	7.5	7.3	9.0	8.9
AGE
12-17	4.3	4.6	5.4^a	4.9	7.7	7.6
18-25	7.9	7.8	16.8	17.2	20.7	20.8
26 or Older	1.7	1.7	6.2	6.0	7.2	7.0
GENDER
Male	3.8	3.4	10.6^a	9.7	12.5^a	11.5
Female	1.8^b	2.2	4.6^a	5.1	5.7^b	6.4
HISPANIC ORIGIN AND RACE
Not Hispanic or Latino	2.8	2.8	7.6	7.2	9.1	8.8
White	2.7	2.7	8.0	7.5	9.4	9.0
Black or African American	3.7	3.6	6.3	6.6	8.5	8.8
American Indian or Alaska Native	4.0	4.7	10.9	8.4	13.4	11.1
Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander	3.6	1.9	7.3	*	9.9	*
Asian	1.1	0.9	4.3	3.5	4.7	4.2
Two or More Races	5.1	3.6	8.6	7.2	10.8	9.8
Hispanic or Latino	2.5	2.9	7.0	8.0	8.3	9.5

90403 (8.34A)

Table G.30 – Received Substance Use Treatment at Any Treatment Location or at a Specialty Facility in the Past Year among Persons Aged 12 or Older: Numbers in Thousands, 2002-2008
Location/Substance for Which Treatment Was Received in Past Year	2002	2003	2004	2005	2006	2007	2008
*Low precision; no estimate reported. NOTE: Received Substance Use Treatment refers to treatment received in order to reduce or stop illicit drug or alcohol use, or for medical problems associated with illicit drug or alcohol use. Treatment at Any Treatment Location includes treatment received at any location, such as a hospital, rehabilitation facility (inpatient or outpatient), mental health center, emergency room, private doctor's office, self-help group, or prison/jail. Treatment at a Specialty Facility refers to treatment received at a hospital (inpatient), rehabilitation facility (inpatient or outpatient), or mental health center. ^a Difference between estimate and 2008 estimate is statistically significant at the 0.05 level. ^b Difference between estimate and 2008 estimate is statistically significant at the 0.01 level. ¹ Illicit Drugs include marijuana/hashish, cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or prescription-type psychotherapeutics used nonmedically, based on data from original questions not including methamphetamine items added in 2005 and 2006. ² Estimates include persons who received treatment specifically for illicit drugs or alcohol, as well as persons who received treatment but did not specify for what substance(s). Source: SAMHSA, Office of Applied Studies, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2002, 2003, 2004, 2005, 2006, 2007, and 2008.
ANY TREATMENT LOCATION
Illicit Drugs¹	2,013	1,802	2,192	2,172	2,457	2,163	2,082
Alcohol	2,405^a	2,359^a	2,658	2,843	2,764	2,733	2,894
Both Illicit Drugs and Alcohol¹	1,319	1,255	1,467	1,522	1,566	1,406	1,317
Illicit Drugs or Alcohol^1,2	3,483^a	3,327^b	3,791	3,930	4,031	3,913	4,045
SPECIALTY FACILITY
Illicit Drugs¹	1,412	1,103	1,427	1,280	1,576^a	1,343	1,209
Alcohol	1,549	1,298	1,535	1,626	1,557	1,567	1,560
Both Illicit Drugs and Alcohol¹	709	595	718	748	731	615	577
Illicit Drugs or Alcohol^1,2	2,346	1,874^a	2,327	2,308	2,537	2,412	2,287

90403 (8.34B)

Table G.31 – Received Substance Use Treatment at Any Treatment Location or at a Specialty Facility in the Past Year among Persons Aged 12 or Older: Percentages, 2002-2008
Location/Substance for Which Treatment Was Received in Past Year	2002	2003	2004	2005	2006	2007	2008
*Low precision; no estimate reported. NOTE: Received Substance Use Treatment refers to treatment received in order to reduce or stop illicit drug or alcohol use, or for medical problems associated with illicit drug or alcohol use. Treatment at Any Treatment Location includes treatment received at any location, such as a hospital, rehabilitation facility (inpatient or outpatient), mental health center, emergency room, private doctor's office, self-help group, or prison/jail. Treatment at a Specialty Facility refers to treatment received at a hospital (inpatient), rehabilitation facility (inpatient or outpatient), or mental health center. ^a Difference between estimate and 2008 estimate is statistically significant at the 0.05 level. ^b Difference between estimate and 2008 estimate is statistically significant at the 0.01 level. ¹ Illicit Drugs include marijuana/hashish, cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or prescription-type psychotherapeutics used nonmedically, based on data from original questions not including methamphetamine items added in 2005 and 2006. ² Estimates include persons who received treatment specifically for illicit drugs or alcohol, as well as persons who received treatment but did not specify for what substance(s). Source: SAMHSA, Office of Applied Studies, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2002, 2003, 2004, 2005, 2006, 2007, and 2008.
ANY TREATMENT LOCATION
Illicit Drugs¹	0.9	0.8	0.9	0.9	1.0^a	0.9	0.8
Alcohol	1.0	1.0	1.1	1.2	1.1	1.1	1.2
Both Illicit Drugs and Alcohol¹	0.6	0.5	0.6	0.6	0.6	0.6	0.5
Illicit Drugs or Alcohol^1,2	1.5	1.4^a	1.6	1.6	1.6	1.6	1.6
SPECIALTY FACILITY
Illicit Drugs¹	0.6	0.5	0.6	0.5	0.6^a	0.5	0.5
Alcohol	0.7	0.5	0.6	0.7	0.6	0.6	0.6
Both Illicit Drugs and Alcohol¹	0.3	0.3	0.3	0.3	0.3	0.2	0.2
Illicit Drugs or Alcohol^1,2	1.0	0.8	1.0	0.9	1.0	1.0	0.9

90403 (8.35A)

Table G.32 – Needed and Received Treatment for a Substance Use Problem in the Past Year among Persons Aged 12 or Older: Numbers in Thousands, 2002-2008
Substance/Substance Treatment Status	2002	2003	2004	2005	2006	2007	2008
*Low precision; no estimate reported. NOTE: Respondents were classified as needing treatment for a substance use problem if they met at least one of three criteria during the past year: (1) dependent on the substance; (2) abuse of the substance; or (3) received treatment for substance use at a specialty facility (i.e., drug and alcohol rehabilitation facility [inpatient or outpatient], hospital [inpatient], or mental health center). ^a Difference between estimate and 2008 estimate is statistically significant at the 0.05 level. ^b Difference between estimate and 2008 estimate is statistically significant at the 0.01 level. ¹ Illicit Drugs include marijuana/hashish, cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or prescription-type psychotherapeutics used nonmedically, based on data from original questions not including methamphetamine items added in 2005 and 2006. Source: SAMHSA, Office of Applied Studies, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2002, 2003, 2004, 2005, 2006, 2007, and 2008.
NEEDED TREATMENT FOR ILLICIT DRUGS¹	7,748	7,333	8,053	7,550	7,756	7,528	7,559
Received Treatment at a Specialty Facility	1,412	1,103	1,427	1,280	1,576^a	1,343	1,209
Did Not Receive Treatment at a Specialty Facility	6,335	6,230	6,626	6,269	6,180	6,185	6,351
NEEDED TREATMENT FOR ALCOHOL	18,638	18,215	19,360	19,378	19,520	19,301	18,951
Received Treatment at a Specialty Facility	1,549	1,298	1,535	1,626	1,557	1,567	1,560
Did Not Receive Treatment at a Specialty Facility	17,089	16,917	17,824	17,752	17,963	17,734	17,391
NEEDED TREATMENT FOR ILLICIT DRUGS OR ALCOHOL¹	22,811	22,165	23,476	23,172	23,591	23,202	23,051
Received Treatment at a Specialty Facility	2,346	1,874^a	2,327	2,308	2,537	2,412	2,287
Did Not Receive Treatment at a Specialty Facility	20,465	20,290	21,149	20,864	21,054	20,790	20,764

90403 (8.35B)

Table G.33 – Needed and Received Treatment for a Substance Use Problem in the Past Year among Persons Aged 12 or Older: Percentages, 2002-2008
Substance/Substance Treatment Status	2002	2003	2004	2005	2006	2007	2008
*Low precision; no estimate reported. NOTE: Respondents were classified as needing treatment for a substance use problem if they met at least one of three criteria during the past year: (1) dependent on the substance; (2) abuse of the substance; or (3) received treatment for substance use at a specialty facility (i.e., drug and alcohol rehabilitation facility [inpatient or outpatient], hospital [inpatient], or mental health center). ^a Difference between estimate and 2008 estimate is statistically significant at the 0.05 level. ^b Difference between estimate and 2008 estimate is statistically significant at the 0.01 level. ¹ Illicit Drugs include marijuana/hashish, cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or prescription-type psychotherapeutics used nonmedically, based on data from original questions not including methamphetamine items added in 2005 and 2006. Source: SAMHSA, Office of Applied Studies, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2002, 2003, 2004, 2005, 2006, 2007, and 2008.
NEEDED TREATMENT FOR ILLICIT DRUGS¹	3.3^a	3.1	3.3^a	3.1	3.2	3.0	3.0
Received Treatment at a Specialty Facility	0.6	0.5	0.6	0.5	0.6^a	0.5	0.5
Did Not Receive Treatment at a Specialty Facility	2.7	2.6	2.8	2.6	2.5	2.5	2.5
NEEDED TREATMENT FOR ALCOHOL	7.9	7.7	8.0	8.0	7.9	7.8	7.6
Received Treatment at a Specialty Facility	0.7	0.5	0.6	0.7	0.6	0.6	0.6
Did Not Receive Treatment at a Specialty Facility	7.3	7.1	7.4	7.3	7.3	7.2	7.0
NEEDED TREATMENT FOR ILLICIT DRUGS OR ALCOHOL¹	9.7	9.3	9.8^a	9.5	9.6	9.4	9.2
Received Treatment at a Specialty Facility	1.0	0.8	1.0	0.9	1.0	1.0	0.9
Did Not Receive Treatment at a Specialty Facility	8.7	8.5	8.8^a	8.6	8.6	8.4	8.3

90403 (5.51B)

Table G.34 – Needed and Received Treatment at a Specialty Facility for an Illicit Drug or Alcohol Problem in the Past Year among Persons Aged 12 or Older, by Demographic Characteristics: Percentages, 2007 and 2008
Demographic Characteristic	Needed Treatment (2007)	Needed Treatment (2008)	Needed and Received Treatment (2007)	Needed and Received Treatment (2008)	Needed but Did Not Receive Treatment (2007)	Needed but Did Not Receive Treatment (2008)	Percentage Who Received Treatment among Persons Who Needed Treatment (2007)	Percentage Who Received Treatment among Persons Who Needed Treatment (2008)
*Low precision; no estimate reported. NOTE: Respondents were classified as needing treatment for an illicit drug or alcohol problem if they met at least one of three criteria during the past year: (1) dependent on illicit drugs or alcohol; (2) abuse of illicit drugs or alcohol; or (3) received treatment for illicit drug or alcohol use at a specialty facility (i.e., drug and alcohol rehabilitation facility [inpatient or outpatient], hospital [inpatient], or mental health center). Illicit Drugs include marijuana/hashish, cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or prescription-type psychotherapeutics used nonmedically, based on data from original questions not including methamphetamine use items added in 2005 and 2006. ^a Difference between estimate and 2008 estimate is statistically significant at the 0.05 level. ^b Difference between estimate and 2008 estimate is statistically significant at the 0.01 level. Source: SAMHSA, Office of Applied Studies, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2007 and 2008.
TOTAL	9.4	9.2	1.0	0.9	8.4	8.3	10.4	9.9
AGE
12-17	7.9	7.8	0.6	0.6	7.3	7.2	7.6	7.4
18-25	21.1	21.2	1.5	1.5	19.7	19.7	7.0	7.1
26 or Older	7.5	7.4	0.9	0.9	6.6	6.5	12.4	11.6
GENDER
Male	13.0^a	11.9	1.4	1.2	11.5^a	10.7	10.9	10.3
Female	6.0^b	6.7	0.6	0.6	5.4^b	6.1	9.3	9.3
HISPANIC ORIGIN AND RACE
Not Hispanic or Latino	9.5	9.2	1.0	1.0	8.4	8.2	11.0	10.7
White	9.7	9.4	1.0	1.0	8.8	8.4	9.9	10.3
Black or African American	9.3	9.5	1.7	1.2	7.6	8.2	18.2	13.2
American Indian or Alaska Native	14.5	12.1	3.4	1.9	11.1	10.2	*	15.4
Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander	9.9	*	0.1	0.1	9.9	*	*	*
Asian	4.9	4.2	0.2	0.4	4.7	3.8	*	*
Two or More Races	11.7	10.4	1.8	1.3	9.8	9.1	*	12.9
Hispanic or Latino	8.6	9.7	0.5	0.5	8.0	9.2	6.0	5.4

90403 (5.53A)

Table G.35 – Perceived Need for Illicit Drug or Alcohol Treatment and Whether Made an Effort to Get Treatment in the Past Year among Persons Aged 12 or Older Classified as Needing But Not Receiving Treatment for an Illicit Drug or Alcohol Problem, by Demographic Characteristics: Numbers in Thousands, 2007 and 2008
Demographic Characteristic	Needed but Did Not Receive Treatment¹(2007)	Needed but Did Not Receive Treatment¹(2008)	Felt Need for Treatment²(2007)	Felt Need for Treatment²(2008)	Felt Need and Made Effort to Get Treatment²(2007)	Felt Need and Made Effort to Get Treatment²(2008)	Felt Need and Made No Effort to Get Treatment²(2007)	Felt Need and Made No Effort to Get Treatment²(2008)	Did Not Feel Need for Treatment²(2007)	Did Not Feel Need for Treatment²(2008)
*Low precision; no estimate reported. ^a Difference between estimate and 2008 estimate is statistically significant at the 0.05 level. ^b Difference between estimate and 2008 estimate is statistically significant at the 0.01 level. ¹ Needing But Not Receiving Treatment refers to respondents classified as needing treatment for illicit drugs or alcohol, but have not received treatment for an illicit drug or alcohol problem at a specialty facility (i.e., drug and alcohol rehabilitation facility [inpatient or outpatient], hospital [inpatient], or mental health center). Illicit Drugs include marijuana/hashish, cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or prescription-type psychotherapeutics used nonmedically, based on data from original questions not including methamphetamine use items added in 2005 and 2006. ² Felt Need for Treatment includes persons who did not receive but felt they needed treatment for an illicit drug or alcohol problem, as well as persons who received treatment at a location other than a specialty facility but felt they needed additional treatment. Source: SAMHSA, Office of Applied Studies, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2007 and 2008.
TOTAL	20,790	20,764	1,335	1,000	380^a	233	955	766	19,455	19,764
AGE
12-17	1,832	1,795	55	39	15	8	40	31	1,776	1,756
18-25	6,435	6,489	255^a	184	82^a	42	173	142	6,180	6,304
26 or Older	12,523	12,481	1,025	776	283	183	742	593	11,498	11,704
GENDER
Male	13,871	12,953	898	591	262^a	137	636	455	12,973	12,361
Female	6,919^b	7,811	437	408	118	97	319	312	6,482^b	7,403

90403 (5.53B)

Table G.36 – Perceived Need for Illicit Drug or Alcohol Treatment and Whether Made an Effort to Get Treatment in the Past Year among Persons Aged 12 or Older Classified as Needing But Not Receiving Treatment for an Illicit Drug or Alcohol Problem, by Demographic Characteristics: Percentages, 2007 and 2008
Demographic Characteristic	Needed but Did Not Receive Treatment¹(2007)	Needed but Did Not Receive Treatment¹(2008)	Felt Need for Treatment²(2007)	Felt Need for Treatment²(2008)	Felt Need and Made Effort to Get Treatment²(2007)	Felt Need and Made Effort to Get Treatment²(2008)	Felt Need and Made No Effort to Get Treatment²(2007)	Felt Need and Made No Effort to Get Treatment²(2008)	Did Not Feel Need for Treatment²(2007)	Did Not Feel Need for Treatment²(2008)
*Low precision; no estimate reported. ^a Difference between estimate and 2008 estimate is statistically significant at the 0.05 level. ^b Difference between estimate and 2008 estimate is statistically significant at the 0.01 level. ¹ Needing But Not Receiving Treatment refers to respondents classified as needing treatment for illicit drugs or alcohol, but have not received treatment for an illicit drug or alcohol problem at a specialty facility (i.e., drug and alcohol rehabilitation facility [inpatient or outpatient], hospital [inpatient], or mental health center). Illicit Drugs include marijuana/hashish, cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or prescription-type psychotherapeutics used nonmedically, based on data from original questions not including methamphetamine use items added in 2005 and 2006. ² Felt Need for Treatment includes persons who did not receive but felt they needed treatment for an illicit drug or alcohol problem, as well as persons who received treatment at a location other than a specialty facility but felt they needed additional treatment. Source: SAMHSA, Office of Applied Studies, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2007 and 2008.
TOTAL	100.0	100.0	6.4^a	4.8	1.8^a	1.1	4.6	3.7	93.6^a	95.2
AGE
12-17	100.0	100.0	3.0	2.2	0.8	0.5	2.2	1.7	97.0	97.8
18-25	100.0	100.0	4.0^a	2.8	1.3^a	0.7	2.7	2.2	96.0^a	97.2
26 or Older	100.0	100.0	8.2	6.2	2.3	1.5	5.9	4.8	91.8	93.8
GENDER
Male	100.0	100.0	6.5	4.6	1.9	1.1	4.6	3.5	93.5	95.4
Female	100.0	100.0	6.3	5.2	1.7	1.2	4.6	4.0	93.7	94.8

90429 (6.6B)

Table G.37 – Serious Mental Illness in the Past Year among Persons Aged 18 or Older, by Age Group and Demographic Characteristics: Percentages, 2008
Demographic Characteristic	Total	Aged 18-25	Aged 26-49	Aged 50+
Low precision; no estimate reported. NOTE: Serious Mental Illness (SMI) is defined as having a diagnosable mental, behavioral, or emotional disorder that met criteria in the 4th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders* (DSM-IV) and resulted in functional impairment that substantially interfered with or limited one or more major life activities. NSDUH respondents' SMI status is determined based on their responses to questions on distress (K6 scale) and impairment (World Health Organization Disability Assessment Schedule [WHODAS] for half the sample, and Sheehan Disability Scale [SDS] for the other half). Regression models, based on clinical interviews conducted on a subset (n = 1,502) of NSDUH respondents, specify the distress and impairment levels predictive of having SMI. For details, see Section B.4.6 in Appendix B of the Results from the 2008 National Survey on Drug Use and Health: National Findings. ¹ The Other Employment category includes retired persons, disabled persons, homemakers, students, or other persons not in the labor force. Source: SAMHSA, Office of Applied Studies, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2008.
TOTAL	4.4	7.4	5.2	2.3
GENDER
Male	3.0	5.0	3.7	1.5
Female	5.6	9.8	6.8	3.1
HISPANIC ORIGIN AND RACE
Not Hispanic or Latino	4.4	7.5	5.5	2.3
White	4.7	7.9	6.0	2.5
Black or African American	3.5	6.0	4.4	0.8
American Indian or Alaska Native	4.2	4.5	6.5	*
Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander	*	*	*	*
Asian	2.9	5.6	2.2	*
Two or More Races	5.6	12.3	8.2	1.6
Hispanic or Latino	4.0	7.0	3.8	2.3
EDUCATION
< High School	4.9	9.0	6.1	2.5
High School Graduate	4.4	6.8	5.7	2.3
Some College	5.5	7.9	6.5	2.9
College Graduate	3.0	5.8	3.5	1.9
CURRENT EMPLOYMENT
Full-Time	3.5	6.9	3.9	1.4
Part-Time	4.8	7.2	6.3	1.5
Unemployed	8.0	9.8	6.7	8.4
Other¹	5.3	7.7	11.2	3.1

90429 (6.14B)

Table G.38 – Received Mental Health Treatment/Counseling in the Past Year among Persons Aged 18 or Older, by Past Year Serious Mental Illness and Demographic Characteristics: Percentages, 2008
Demographic Characteristic	Total¹	Serious Mental Illness	No Serious Mental Illness
Low precision; no estimate reported. NOTE: Mental Health Treatment/Counseling is defined as having received inpatient care or outpatient care or having used prescription medication for problems with emotions, nerves, or mental health. Respondents were not to include treatment for drug or alcohol use. Respondents with unknown treatment/counseling information were excluded. Estimates were based only on responses to items in the Adult Mental Health Service Utilization module. NOTE: Serious Mental Illness (SMI) is defined as having a diagnosable mental, behavioral, or emotional disorder that met criteria in the 4th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders* (DSM-IV) and resulted in functional impairment that substantially interfered with or limited one or more major life activities. NSDUH respondents' SMI status is determined based on their responses to questions on distress (K6 scale) and impairment (World Health Organization Disability Assessment Schedule [WHODAS] for half the sample, and Sheehan Disability Scale [SDS] for the other half). Regression models, based on clinical interviews conducted on a subset (n = 1,502) of NSDUH respondents, specify the distress and impairment levels predictive of having SMI. For details, see Section B.4.6 in Appendix B of the Results from the 2008 National Survey on Drug Use and Health: National Findings. ¹Estimates in the Total column represent persons aged 18 or older, including those with unknown past year SMI information. ² The Other Employment category includes retired persons, disabled persons, homemakers, students, or other persons not in the labor force. Source: SAMHSA, Office of Applied Studies, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2008.
TOTAL	13.4	58.7	11.3
AGE
18-25	10.8	40.4	8.5
26-49	14.0	62.2	11.3
50 or Older	13.6	70.9	12.3
GENDER
Male	9.3	52.9	7.9
Female	17.2	61.6	14.5
HISPANIC ORIGIN AND RACE
Not Hispanic or Latino	14.4	61.4	12.2
White	16.0	64.6	13.6
Black or African American	8.7	44.8	7.4
American Indian or Alaska Native	13.2	*	10.5
Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander	*	*	2.7
Asian	4.5	*	3.6
Two or More Races	18.8	*	16.5
Hispanic or Latino	6.8	39.4	5.4
EDUCATION
< High School	11.3	45.2	9.5
High School Graduate	12.3	57.9	10.2
Some College	14.2	58.9	11.6
College Graduate	15.0	72.1	13.3
CURRENT EMPLOYMENT
Full-Time	10.8	51.1	9.3
Part-Time	15.4	59.0	13.3
Unemployed	14.1	51.0	10.9
Other²	17.3	70.0	14.4

90407 (6.20B)

Table G.39 – Specific Types of Mental Health Treatment/Counseling Received in the Past Year among Persons Aged 18 or Older, by Demographic Characteristics: Percentages, 2007 and 2008
Demographic Characteristic	Received Mental Health Treatment/ Counseling¹(2007)	Received Mental Health Treatment/ Counseling¹(2008)	Inpatient (2007)	Inpatient (2008)	Outpatient (2007)	Outpatient (2008)	Prescription Medication (2007)	Prescription Medication (2008)
*Low precision; no estimate reported. NOTE: Respondents could report receiving multiple types of mental health treatment/counseling; thus, these response categories are not mutually exclusive. ^a Difference between estimate and 2008 estimate is statistically significant at the 0.05 level. ^b Difference between estimate and 2008 estimate is statistically significant at the 0.01 level. ¹ Mental Health Treatment/Counseling is defined as having received inpatient care or outpatient care or having used prescription medication for problems with emotions, nerves, or mental health. Respondents were not to include treatment for drug or alcohol use. Respondents with unknown treatment/counseling information were excluded. Estimates were based only on responses to items in the Adult Mental Health Service Utilization module. ² The Other Employment category includes retired persons, disabled persons, homemakers, students, or other persons not in the labor force. Source: SAMHSA, Office of Applied Studies, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2007 and 2008.
TOTAL	13.2	13.4	1.0	0.9	6.9	6.8	11.1	11.3
AGE
18-25	10.3	10.8	1.1	1.1	5.6	5.8	7.9	8.0
26-49	14.3	14.0	1.1^a	0.8	8.0	7.9	11.7	11.6
50 or Older	13.2	13.6	0.7	0.9	6.2	6.0	11.6	12.2
GENDER
Male	9.2	9.3	1.0	0.7	4.7	5.0	7.5	7.5
Female	17.0	17.2	0.9	1.0	9.0	8.5	14.5	14.8
HISPANIC ORIGIN AND RACE
Not Hispanic or Latino	14.2	14.4	1.0	0.9	7.4	7.3	12.0	12.3
White	16.0	16.0	0.9	0.8	8.2	7.9	13.8	13.9
Black or African American	6.8^a	8.7	1.2	1.6	4.1	5.5	5.1	6.2
American Indian or Alaska Native	11.6	13.2	1.6	0.6	3.9	7.8	10.1	9.5
Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander	*	*	*	*	1.1	*	1.4	1.1
Asian	3.9	4.5	0.6	0.3	2.4	2.3	2.4	3.4
Two or More Races	15.6	18.8	1.9	0.4	9.5	7.2	12.1	17.1
Hispanic or Latino	7.3	6.8	1.0	1.0	3.9	3.8	5.6	5.2
EDUCATION
< High School	12.3	11.3	2.2	2.0	5.8	4.7	9.9	9.2
High School Graduate	12.5	12.3	1.0	0.8	5.8	5.5	10.9	10.7
Some College	13.6	14.2	0.8	0.7	7.0	7.3	11.8	12.4
College Graduate	14.4	15.0	0.4	0.5	8.8	9.0	11.5	12.3
CURRENT EMPLOYMENT
Full-Time	10.8	10.8	0.4	0.4	5.6	5.6	8.8	9.0
Part-Time	14.8	15.4	1.0	1.0	8.0	8.3	12.4	12.6
Unemployed	14.3	14.1	1.5	1.2	8.3	8.1	12.3	11.8
Other²	17.0	17.3	1.9	1.7	8.7	8.2	14.8	15.1

90427 (6.40B)

Table G.40 – Had at Least One Major Depressive Episode (MDE) or MDE with Severe Impairment in the Past Year among Persons Aged 18 or Older, and Receipt of Treatment for Depression in the Past Year among Persons Aged 18 or Older with MDE or MDE with Severe Impairment in the Past Year, by Demographic Characteristics: Percentages, 2008
Demographic Characteristic	Had MDE	Had MDE with Severe Impairment¹	Received Treatment for Depression in the Past Year among Persons with MDE²	Received Treatment for Depression in the Past Year among Persons with MDE with Severe Impairment^1,2
Low precision; no estimate reported. NOTE: Major Depressive Episode (MDE) is defined as in the 4th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders* (DSM-IV), which specifies a period of at least 2 weeks when a person experienced a depressed mood or loss of interest or pleasure in daily activities and had a majority of specified depression symptoms. NOTE: Estimates in this table are based on a subsample of respondents aged 18 or older. See Section B.4.8 in Appendix B of the Results from the 2008 National Survey on Drug Use and Health: National Findings. NOTE: Impairment is based on the Sheehan Disability Scale (SDS) role domains, which measure the impact of a disorder on a person's life. Impairment is defined as the highest severity level of role impairment across four domains: (1) home management, (2) work, (3) close relationships with others, and (4) social life. Ratings = 7 on a 0 to 10 scale were considered Severe Impairment. NOTE: Respondents with unknown Past Year MDE data were excluded. ¹ Respondents with unknown Severe Impairment data were excluded. ² Treatment is defined as seeing or talking to a medical doctor or other professional or using prescription medication for depression in the past year. Respondents with unknown treatment data were excluded. ³ The Other Employment category includes retired persons, disabled persons, homemakers, students, or other persons not in the labor force. Source: SAMHSA, Office of Applied Studies, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2008 (subsample).
TOTAL	6.4	4.2	71.0	75.0
GENDER
Male	4.6	3.2	65.0	69.0
Female	8.1	5.2	74.2	78.4
HISPANIC ORIGIN AND RACE
Not Hispanic or Latino	6.6	4.5	72.5	76.6
White	7.0	4.8	74.2	77.5
Black or African American	4.9	3.3	55.2	*
American Indian or Alaska Native	4.9	2.6	*	*
Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander	*	*	*	*
Asian	3.6	2.6	*	*
Two or More Races	12.7	7.7	*	*
Hispanic or Latino	5.2	2.7	*	*
EDUCATION
< High School	5.5	3.6	69.8	*
High School Graduate	6.8	5.0	71.0	75.8
Some College	7.4	4.7	68.3	70.0
College Graduate	5.5	3.3	75.1	81.4
CURRENT EMPLOYMENT
Full-Time	5.2	3.2	62.4	66.3
Part-Time	7.9	4.8	73.9	78.6
Unemployed	11.5	6.6	*	*
Other³	7.3	5.7	81.8	82.5
MARITAL STATUS
Married	4.5	3.0	77.8	81.5
Widowed	3.9	2.1	*	*
Divorced or Separated	11.4	8.2	82.0	84.9
Never Married	8.6	5.5	54.1	59.6

90406 (8.37B)

Table G.41 – Had at Least One Major Depressive Episode (MDE) in the Past Year among Persons Aged 12 to 17, by Demographic Characteristics: Percentages, 2004-2008
Demographic Characteristic	2004	2005	2006	2007	2008
Low precision; no estimate reported. NOTE: Major Depressive Episode (MDE) is defined as in the 4th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders* (DSM-IV), which specifies a period of at least 2 weeks when a person experienced a depressed mood or loss of interest or pleasure in daily activities and had a majority of specified depression symptoms. Respondents with unknown past year MDE data were excluded. ^a Difference between estimate and 2008 estimate is statistically significant at the 0.05 level. ^b Difference between estimate and 2008 estimate is statistically significant at the 0.01 level. Source: SAMHSA, Office of Applied Studies, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2004, 2005, 2006, 2007, and 2008.
TOTAL	9.0^a	8.8	7.9	8.2	8.3
AGE
12-13	5.4	5.2	4.9	4.3	4.8
14-15	9.2	9.5	7.9	8.4	8.4
16-17	12.3	11.5	10.7	11.5	11.1
GENDER
Male	5.0^a	4.5	4.2	4.6	4.3
Female	13.1	13.3	11.8	11.9	12.4
HISPANIC ORIGIN AND RACE
Not Hispanic or Latino	8.9	8.7	7.9	8.4	8.4
White	9.2	9.1	8.1	8.7	8.7
Black or African American	7.7	7.6	6.4	7.8	7.0
American Indian or Alaska Native	7.8	6.1	9.3	4.6	10.1
Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander	*	*	*	*	*
Asian	8.3	6.0	7.6	6.8	7.6
Two or More Races	11.7	10.5	13.0	10.0	12.0
Hispanic or Latino	9.1	9.1	8.0	7.1	7.5

90406 (8.38B)

Table G.42 – Source of Mental Health Service in the Past Year among Persons Aged 12 to 17: Percentages, 2002-2008
Source of Mental Health Service¹	2002	2003	2004	2005	2006	2007	2008
*Low precision; no estimate reported. NOTE: Receipt of mental health services for persons aged 12 to 17 is defined as having received treatment/counseling for emotional or behavioral problems not caused by drug or alcohol use. NOTE: Respondents with unknown receipt of mental health service information in the past year were excluded. ^a Difference between estimate and 2008 estimate is statistically significant at the 0.05 level. ^b Difference between estimate and 2008 estimate is statistically significant at the 0.01 level. ¹ Respondents could indicate multiple service sources; thus, these response categories are not mutually exclusive. ² Respondents who did not report their school enrollment status, who reported not being enrolled in school in the past 12 months, or who reported being home-schooled were not asked about receipt of mental health treatment/counseling from this source. ³ Specialty Mental Health and Education or Medical includes receipt of any specialty mental health services and receipt of services from either Education or Medical sources. Source: SAMHSA, Office of Applied Studies, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2002, 2003, 2004, 2005, 2006, 2007, and 2008.
SPECIALTY MENTAL HEALTH	12.0	12.5	13.5	13.5	13.1	12.5	12.7
Outpatient	10.8	11.3	12.1	12.1	11.7	11.1	11.4
Private Therapist, Psychologist, Psychiatrist, Social Worker, or Counselor	9.2	9.5	10.1	10.2	9.6	9.4	9.7
Mental Health Clinic or Center	2.5	2.6	2.9^b	2.6	2.3	2.3	2.3
Partial Day Hospital or Day Treatment Program	1.8	1.7	1.8	1.8	1.9^a	1.7	1.5
In-Home Therapist, Counselor, or Family Preservation Worker	2.8	2.6	3.0	2.9	2.8	2.8	2.9
Inpatient or Residential (Overnight or Longer Stay)	2.4	2.5	2.8^a	2.8	2.7	2.5	2.4
Hospital	1.7	1.9	2.1	2.1	2.0	2.0	1.9
Residential Treatment Center	0.9	0.9	1.2^b	0.9	0.9	0.8	0.8
Foster Care or Therapeutic Foster Care Home	0.6	0.7^a	0.6	0.6	0.5	0.4	0.5
EDUCATION²	10.6^b	12.1	12.7^a	12.1	11.9	11.5	11.8
School Counselor, School Psychologist or Regular Meetings with a Teacher	8.6^b	9.9	10.5	10.0	9.8	9.7	10.1
Special Education Services While in a Regular Classroom or Placement in a Special Classroom, Special Program or Special School	3.4	3.9^b	4.1^b	3.9^b	3.9^b	3.3	3.0
MEDICAL
Pediatrician or Other Family Doctor	2.7	2.9	3.4^a	3.2	2.8	2.8	2.9
SPECIALTY MENTAL HEALTH AND EDUCATION OR MEDICAL³	4.8	5.7	5.7	5.8	5.3	5.1	5.3