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NCI Drug Dictionary


TLR9 agonist MGN1703  
A synthetic oligonucleotide based on a proprietary double stem-loop immunomodulator design with potential immunostimulating activity. TLR9 agonist MGN1703 binds to and activates intracellular Toll-like receptor 9 (TLR9) in monocytes/macrophages, plasmacytoidal and myeloid dendritic cells (DCs), and natural killer (NK) cells, initiating immune signaling pathways and inducing T-helper 1 cell (Th1) production leading to the production of memory T cells and a Th1-mediated immune response. By activating the immune system, MGN1703 may attack tumor associated antigen (TAAs). TLR9 is a member of the TLR family, which plays a fundamental role in pathogen recognition and activation of innate immunity. Check for active clinical trials or closed clinical trials using this agent. (NCI Thesaurus)

TLR9 agonist SD-101  
A proprietary oligonucleotide with immunostimulatory activity. Immunostimulatory phosphorothiolate oligodeoxyribonucleotide SD-101 targets Toll-Like Receptor 9 (TLR9) found on a specialized subset of dendritic cells. The interaction of TLR9 with SD-101, in conjunction with an allergen or antigen, induces activation of memory T helper cells 1 (Th1) against a specific pathogen or allergen, thereby leading to long-lasting therapeutic effects. Furthermore, this agent does not cause a generalized activation of the immune system. Check for active clinical trials or closed clinical trials using this agent. (NCI Thesaurus)

TNFerade  
(Other name for: golnerminogene pradenovec)

TNP-470  
A synthetic analog of fumagillin, an antibiotic isolated from the fungus Aspergillus fumigatus fresenius with antineoplastic activity. TNP-470 binds to and irreversibly inactivates methionine animopeptidase-2 (MetAP2), resulting in endothelial cell cycle arrest late in the G1 phase and inhibition of tumor angiogenesis. This agent may also induce the p53 pathway, thereby stimulating the production of cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor p21 and inhibiting angiogenesis. Check for active clinical trials or closed clinical trials using this agent. (NCI Thesaurus)

tobramycin sulfate  
The sulfate salt of tobramycin, an aminoglycoside antibiotic derived from the bacterium Streptomyces tenebrarius with bactericidal activity. Following active transport into the cell, tobramycin binds irreversibly to a specific aminoglycoside receptor on the bacterial 30S ribosomal subunit and fixes the 30 S-50 S ribosomal complex at the start codon (AUG), interfering with the initiation of protein synthesis. In addition, this agent induces misreading of the mRNA template, which results in 1) detachment of the ribosomal complex and inhibition of protein elongation or 2) incorporation of the incorrect amino acids into the growing polypeptide chain and the production of abnormal or nonfunctional proteins. Altogether, cell permeability is altered and cell death ensues. Check for active clinical trials or closed clinical trials using this agent. (NCI Thesaurus)

Tobrex  
(Other name for: tobramycin sulfate)

tocilizumab  
A recombinant, humanized IgG1 monoclonal antibody directed against the interleukin-6 receptor (IL-6R) with immunosuppressant activity. Tocilizumab targets and binds to both the soluble form of IL-6R (sIL-6R) and the membrane-bound form (mIL-6R), thereby blocking the binding of IL-6 to its receptor. This prevents IL-6-mediated signaling. Il-6, a pro-inflammatory cytokine that plays an important role in the regulation of the immune response, is overproduced in autoimmune disorders and certain types of cancers. Check for active clinical trials or closed clinical trials using this agent. (NCI Thesaurus)

tocladesine  
An antimetabolite and a chlorine derivative of the intracellular secondary messenger, cyclic adenosine 3,5-monophosphate (cAMP), with potential antineoplastic activity. Tocladesine appears to be converted to 8-chloro-adenosine by phosphodiesterases and subsequently phosphorylated to 8-chloro-ATP, which functions as a purine analogue and competes with ATP in transcription. In addition, generation of 8-chloro-ATP depletes the endogenous ATP pool that is essential for many biological reactions in intracellular energy transfer. As a result, this agent causes RNA synthesis inhibition, blocks cellular proliferation, and induces apoptosis. Check for active clinical trials or closed clinical trials using this agent. (NCI Thesaurus)

tocophersolan  
A water-soluble amphipathic formulation of d-alpha-tocopherol succinate coupled, through a succinate linker, to polyethylene glycol (PEG) 1000. Due to its amphipathic property in which it forms its own micelles, tocophersolan is easily taken up into enterocytes, even in the absence of bile salts; fat soluble d-alpha-tocopherol is then released after hydrolysis. This formulation enhances the absorption of d-alpha-tocopherol compared to the administration of free d-alpha-tocopherol. In addition, tocophersolan may enhance the absorption of water-insoluble agents and other fat-soluble vitamins. Check for active clinical trials or closed clinical trials using this agent. (NCI Thesaurus)

Tocosol Paclitaxel  
(Other name for: paclitaxel vitamin E-based emulsion formulation)

tocotrienol-rich fraction  
An orally available nutritional supplement containing high amounts of the vitamin E family member tocotrienol with antioxidant, hypolipidemic and potential immunomodulating and antiproliferative activity. Upon oral administration, tocotrienol-rich fraction (TRF) accumulates in tumor cells and induces cell cycle arrest, programmed cell death, and inhibits tumor cell proliferation. In addition, this agent suppresses 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A (HMG CoA) reductase activity and inhibits angiogenesis. Rice bran oil, palm oil and annatto seed oil are common sources of TRF. Check for active clinical trials or closed clinical trials using this agent. (NCI Thesaurus)

tolbutamide  
A first-generation sulfonylurea with hypoglycemic activity. Tolbutamide binds to and blocks adenosine triphosphate (ATP)-sensitive potassium channels on the beta cell membrane of the pancreatic islet tissues. This leads to potassium efflux, which results in depolarization, calcium influx, calcium-calmodulin binding, kinase activation, and release of insulin-containing granules by exocytosis. In addition, tolbutamide may increase the number and affinity of cell surface insulin receptors, thereby enhancing the peripheral response to insulin. Tolbutamide is a CYP2C9 substrate. Check for active clinical trials or closed clinical trials using this agent. (NCI Thesaurus)

toll-like receptor 5 agonist CBLB502  
A polypeptide derived from the Salmonella filament protein flagellin with potential radioprotective and anticancer activities. As a toll-like receptor 5 (TLR5) agonist, CBLB502 binds to and activates TLR5 thereby stimulating tumor necrosis factor production and activating nuclear factor kappa B (NF-kB). This induces NF-kB-mediated signaling pathways and inhibits the induction of apoptosis. This may prevent apoptosis in normal, healthy cells during radiotherapy of cancerous cells and may allow for increased doses of ionizing radiation. In addition, CBLB502 may inhibit radiation-independent proliferation in TLR5-expressing tumor cells. Check for active clinical trials or closed clinical trials using this agent. (NCI Thesaurus)

tomato-soy juice  
A juice containing tomato extract and soy protein with potential chemopreventive and antiproliferative activities. Tomato-soy juice contains phytochemicals, including flavonoids, such as the soy isoflavone genistein, and carotenoids, including lycopene. These phytochemicals may exhibit antioxidative activity, antitumor activity by modulating certain tumor-associated signal transduction pathways, and apoptosis-inducing activity. Check for active clinical trials or closed clinical trials using this agent. (NCI Thesaurus)

Tomudex  
(Other name for: raltitrexed)

Topamax  
(Other name for: topiramate)

topical betulinic acid  
A topical formulation of a pentacyclic lupane-type triterpene derivative of betulin (isolated from the bark of Betula alba, the common white birch) with antiinflammatory, anti-HIV and antineoplastic activities. Betulinic acid induces apoptosis through induction of changes in mitochondrial membrane potential, production of reactive oxygen species, and opening of mitochondrial permeability transition pores, resulting in the release of mitochondrial factors involved in apoptosis, activation of caspases, and DNA fragmentation. Although originally thought to exhibit specific cytotoxicity against melanoma cells, this agent has been found to be cytotoxic against non-melanoma tumor cell types including neuroectodermal and brain tumor cells. Check for active clinical trials or closed clinical trials using this agent. (NCI Thesaurus)

topical calcitriol  
A topical formulation containing the hormonally active form of vitamin D3, with potential protective activity against chemotherapy-induced alopecia (CIA). Upon topical application to the scalp, calcitriol may prevent keratinocyte apoptosis in anagen hair follicles. Therefore, this agent may protect against the damaging effects of certain chemotherapeutics to the hair follicles. Check for active clinical trials or closed clinical trials using this agent. (NCI Thesaurus)

topical gemcitabine hydrochloride  
A topical preparation of gemcitabine hydrochloride with antineoplastic activity. Gemcitabine, an analogue of the antimetabolite nucleoside deoxycytidine, is converted intracellularly to the active metabolites difluorodeoxycytidine di- and triphosphate (dFdCDP, dFdCTP). dFdCDP inhibits ribonucleotide reductase, thereby decreasing the deoxynucleotide pool available for DNA synthesis; dFdCTP is incorporated into DNA, resulting in DNA strand termination and apoptosis. Check for active clinical trials or closed clinical trials using this agent. (NCI Thesaurus)

topical myristyl nicotinate cream  
A topical cream containing the ester prodrug myristyl nicotinate (MN), a lipophilic nicotinic acid derivative with potential chemopreventive activity. Upon topical application, myristyl nicotinate penetrates into the epidermis where the agent is cleaved and is converted into nicotinic acid (niacin); nicotinic acid then diffuses into cells where it is converted to nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD). NAD may stimulate poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase-1 (PARP-1); enhance skin cell turnover and epidermal differentiation; and strengthen skin barrier function. NAD is a coenzyme that plays a crucial role in many redox reactions; PARP-1 is an enzyme that plays an important role in DNA repair. Check for active clinical trials or closed clinical trials using this agent. (NCI Thesaurus)

topical phenylephrine solution  
A topical solution containing phenylephrine, a sympathomimetic amine with vasoconstricting activity. Upon topical application to the oral mucosa, phenylephrine may activate alpha-adrenergic receptors in the mucosa thereby causing vasoconstriction. As a result, this agent may reduce swelling of the mucosal membranes and decrease radiotherapy-induced mucositis. Check for active clinical trials or closed clinical trials using this agent. (NCI Thesaurus)

topical piperidine nitroxide MTS-01  
A topical gel containing a cell permeable hydrophilic piperidine nitroxide with potential radioprotective and antioxidant activity. As a stable, free radical compound, MTS-01 may be able to protect cells against the damaging effects of reactive oxygen species (ROS), upon exposure to ionizing radiation and oxidative stress. The topically applied MTS-01 may protect normal tissue from radiation-induced toxicity, such as radiation dermatitis, during radiation therapy. Check for active clinical trials or closed clinical trials using this agent. (NCI Thesaurus)

topical vitamin E  
A topical preparation of the fat-soluble vitamin E with potential antioxidant and cytoprotective activities. As a potent antioxidant and radical scavenger, vitamin E ameliorates free-radical damage to cell membranes, thereby protecting cells from reactive oxygen species and maintaining the integrity of cellular macromolecules. In addition, vitamin E noncompetitively inhibits cyclooxygenase (COX) activity in many tissues, which may decrease inflammation. Vitamin E is a generic name for a group of compounds known as tocopherols and tocotrienols (tocols). Check for active clinical trials or closed clinical trials using this agent. (NCI Thesaurus)

topical wound spray HP802-247  
A cell-based combination product consisting of a fibrinogen solution and a cell preparation containing allogeneic non-proliferating, living human skin-derived keratinocytes and fibroblasts, suspended in thrombin, with potential topical wound healing enhancing and topical anti-ulcer activity. Upon sequential spray of the two components of HP802-247 topically, a thin fibrin matrix is formed on the wound surface and the cellular components are capable of secreting wound healing cytokines and growth factors, such as vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF), granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating growth factor (GM-CSF) and keratinocyte growth factor. Cell concentration and keratinocyte-to-fibroblast ratio in HP802-247 are essential for optimal growth factor production and thus the efficacy of this agent. Check for active clinical trials or closed clinical trials using this agent. (NCI Thesaurus)

topiramate  
A sulfamate-substituted monosaccharide with anticonvulsant activity. Although the mechanism of action has not been fully elucidated, topiramate appears to antagonize kainate/AMPA subtype glutamate receptors, which results in stabilization of hyper-excited neural membranes, inhibition of repetitive neuronal firing, and a decrease in propagation of synaptic impulses, thus impeding seizure activity. In addition, this agent enhances chloride channels activated by the inhibitory neurotransmitter GABA. Kainate/AMPA subtype glutamate receptors are ligand-activated cation channels that mediate the fast component of excitatory postsynaptic currents in neurons of the central nervous system. Check for active clinical trials or closed clinical trials using this agent. (NCI Thesaurus)

topoisomerase I inhibitor Genz-644282  
A non-camptothecin inhibitor of topoisomerase I with potential antineoplastic activity. Topoisomerase I inhibitor Genz-644282 binds to and inhibits the enzyme topoisomerase I, which may result in the inhibition of repair of single-strand DNA breaks, DNA replication, and tumor cell growth in susceptible tumor cell populations. Check for active clinical trials or closed clinical trials using this agent. (NCI Thesaurus)

topoisomerase I inhibitor LMP400  
An indenoisoquinoline and non-camptothecin inhibitor of topoisomerase I (Top I) with potential antineoplastic activity. Topoisomerase I inhibitor LMP400 binds to the topoisomerase I-DNA covalent cleavage complexes, and inhibits repair of single-strand DNA breaks, DNA replication, and tumor cell growth in susceptible tumor cell populations. Compared to camptothecins, indenoisoquinolines are chemically stable, produce stable Top I-DNA cleavage complexes, induce unique DNA cleavage sites and appear more resistant to multidrug efflux pumps. Check for active clinical trials or closed clinical trials using this agent. (NCI Thesaurus)

topoisomerase I inhibitor LMP776  
An indenoisoquinoline and non-camptothecin inhibitor of topoisomerase I (Top I) with potential antineoplastic activity. Topoisomerase I inhibitor LMP776 binds to the topoisomerase I-DNA covalent cleavage complexes, and inhibits repair of single-strand DNA breaks, DNA replication, and tumor cell growth in susceptible tumor cell populations. Compared to camptothecins, indenoisoquinolines are chemically stable, produce stable Top I-DNA cleavage complexes, induce unique DNA cleavage sites and appear more resistant to multidrug efflux pumps. Check for active clinical trials or closed clinical trials using this agent. (NCI Thesaurus)

Toposar  
(Other name for: etoposide)

topotecan hydrochloride  
The hydrochloride salt of a semisynthetic derivative of camptothecin with antineoplastic activity. During the S phase of the cell cycle, topotecan selectively stabilizes topoisomerase I-DNA covalent complexes, inhibiting religation of topoisomerase I-mediated single-strand DNA breaks and producing potentially lethal double-strand DNA breaks when complexes are encountered by the DNA replication machinery. Camptothecin is a cytotoxic quinoline-based alkaloid extracted from the Asian tree Camptotheca acuminata. Check for active clinical trials or closed clinical trials using this agent. (NCI Thesaurus)

TORC1/2 inhibitor INK128  
An orally bioavailable inhibitor of raptor-mTOR (TOR complex 1 or TORC1) and rictor-mTOR (TOR complex 2 or TORC2) with potential antineoplastic activity. TORC1/2 inhibitor INK128 binds to and inhibits both TORC1 and TORC2 complexes of mTOR, which may result in tumor cell apoptosis and a decrease in tumor cell proliferation. TORC1 and 2 are upregulated in some tumors and play an important role in the PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway, which is frequently dysregulated in human cancers. Check for active clinical trials or closed clinical trials using this agent. (NCI Thesaurus)

TORC1/2 kinase inhibitor DS-3078a  
An orally bioavailable inhibitor of raptor-mTOR protein complex (TORC1) and rictor-mTOR protein complex (TORC2) with potential antineoplastic activity. TORC1/2 inhibitor DS-3078a binds to and inhibits both TORC1 and TORC2 , which may result in tumor cell apoptosis and a decrease in tumor cell proliferation. TORC1 and 2 are upregulated in some tumors and play an important role in the PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway, which is frequently dysregulated in human cancers. Check for active clinical trials or closed clinical trials using this agent. (NCI Thesaurus)

toremifene  
A nonsteroidal triphenylethylene antiestrogen. Chemically related to tamoxifen, toremifene is a selective estrogen receptor modulator (SERM). This agent binds competitively to estrogen receptors, thereby interfering with estrogen activity. Toremifene also has intrinsic estrogenic properties, which are manifested according to tissue type or species. Check for active clinical trials or closed clinical trials using this agent. (NCI Thesaurus)

Torisel  
(Other name for: temsirolimus)

TORKi  
(Other name for: mTOR kinase inhibitor CC-223)

tosedostat  
A proprietary orally bioavailable inhibitor of the M1 family of aminopeptidases with potential antineoplastic activity. Tosedostat is converted intracellularly into a poorly membrane-permeable active metabolite (CHR-79888) which inhibits the M1 family of aminopeptidases, particularly puromycin-sensitive aminopeptidase (PuSA), and leukotriene A4 (LTA4) hydrolase; inhibition of these aminopeptidases in tumor cells may result in amino acid deprivation, inhibition of protein synthesis due to a decrease in the intracellular free amino acid pool, an increase in the level of the proapoptotic protein Noxa, and cell death. Noxa is a member of the BH3 (Bcl-2 homology 3)-only subgroup of the proapoptotic Bcl-2 (B-cell CLL/lymphoma 2) protein family. Check for active clinical trials or closed clinical trials using this agent. (NCI Thesaurus)

tositumomab  
A murine IgG2 monoclonal antibody directed against the CD20 antigen, found on the surface of B-cells. Tositumomab binds to the CD20 surface membrane antigen, resulting in apoptosis, and may stimulate antitumoral cell-mediated and/or antibody-dependent cytotoxicity. Check for active clinical trials or closed clinical trials using this agent. (NCI Thesaurus)

tositumomab and iodine I 131 tositumomab  
A murine IgG2a lambda monoclonal antibody, both unradiolabeled and radiolabeled with iodine I 131, directed against the human B cell-specific surface antigen CD20. Tositumomab binds to CD20, resulting in complement-dependent cytotoxicity (CDC), antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC), and apoptosis in B cells expressing CD20; in addition to the antibody-mediated cytotoxicity, iodine I 131 tositumomab delivers cytotoxic ionizing radiation specifically to CD20-expressing B cells. In a two-step therapeutic regimen, a predose of unradiolabeled tositumomab is administered first followed by the administration of a dosimetric dose of iodine I 131 tositumomab; 7-14 days later, a therapeutic dose of iodine I 131 tositumomab is administered. The predose of unradiolabeled tositumomab binds to nontumor B cells, increasing the terminal half-life of radiolabeled antibody while protecting nontumor B cells from radiolabeled antibody-mediated radiocytotoxicity. Check for active clinical trials or closed clinical trials using this agent. (NCI Thesaurus)

Totect  
(Other name for: dexrazoxane hydrochloride)

Toviaz  
(Other name for: fesoterodine fumarate)

tozasertib lactate  
The lactate salt of tozasertib, a synthetic, small-molecule Aurora kinase inhibitor with potential antitumor activity. Tozasertib binds to and inhibits Aurora kinases (AKs), thereby inducing apoptosis in tumor cells in which AKs are overexpressed. AKs, a family of serine-threonine kinases, are essential for mitotic progression, spindle formation, centrosome maturation, chromosomal segregation, and cytokinesis. Check for active clinical trials or closed clinical trials using this agent. (NCI Thesaurus)

TPI 287  
A synthetic, third generation taxane with potential antineoplastic activity. TPI 287 binds to tubulin and stabilizes microtubules, resulting in inhibition of microtubule assembly/disassembly dynamics, cell cycle arrest at the G2/M phase, and apoptosis. Check for active clinical trials or closed clinical trials using this agent. (NCI Thesaurus)

TPO receptor agonist ONO-7746  
An orally available small molecule and platelet thrombopoietin (TPO) receptor (TPOR; MPL) agonist with potential megakaryopoiesis stimulating activity. Upon administration, TPOR agonist ONO-7746 binds to and stimulates TPOR, which may lead to the proliferation and differentiation of megakaryocytes. In turn, this may increase the production of blood platelets and may prevent chemotherapy induced thrombocytopenia (CIT). TPOR is a cytokine receptor and member of the hematopoietin receptor superfamily. Check for active clinical trials or closed clinical trials using this agent. (NCI Thesaurus)

trabectedin  
A tetrahydroisoquinoline alkaloid isolated from the marine tunicate Ecteinascidia turbinate with potential antineoplastic activity. Binding to the minor groove of DNA, trabectedin inteferes with the transcription-coupled nucleotide excision repair machinery to induce lethal DNA strand breaks.and blocks the cell cycle in the G2 phase. Check for active clinical trials or closed clinical trials using this agent. (NCI Thesaurus)

trabedersen  
A transforming growth factor (TGF)-beta2 specific phosphorothioate antisense oligodeoxynucleotide with the sequence 5'-CGGCATGTCTATTTTGTA-3', with potential antineoplastic activity. Trebedersen binds to TGF-beta2 mRNA causing inhibition of protein translation, thereby decreasing TGF-beta2 protein levels; decreasing intratumoral TGF-beta2 levels may result in the inhibition of tumor cell growth and migration, and tumor angiogenesis. TGF-beta2, a cytokine often over-expressed in various malignancies, may play an important role in promoting the growth, progression, and migration of tumor cells. Check for active clinical trials or closed clinical trials using this agent. (NCI Thesaurus)

trametinib  
An orally bioavailable inhibitor of mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase (MEK MAPK/ERK kinase) with potential antineoplastic activity. Trametinib specifically binds to and inhibits MEK 1 and 2, resulting in an inhibition of growth factor-mediated cell signaling and cellular proliferation in various cancers. MEK 1 and 2, dual specificity threonine/tyrosine kinases often upregulated in various cancer cell types, play a key role in the activation of the RAS/RAF/MEK/ERK signaling pathway that regulates cell growth. Check for active clinical trials or closed clinical trials using this agent. (NCI Thesaurus)

tranexamic acid  
A synthetic derivative of the amino acid lysine with antifibrinolytic activity. With strong affinity for the five lysine-binding sites of plasminogen, transexamic acid competitively inhibits the activation of plasminogen to plasmin, resulting in inhibition of fibrinolysis; at higher concentrations, this agent noncompetitively inhibits plasmin. This agent has a longer half-life, is approximately ten times more potent, and is less toxic than aminocaproic acid, which possesses similar mechanisms of action. Check for active clinical trials or closed clinical trials using this agent. (NCI Thesaurus)

trans sodium crocetinate  
The sodium salt of the trans-isomer of the carotenoid crocetin with potential antihypoxic and radiosensitizing activities. Trans sodium crocetinate (TSC) increases the diffusion rate of oxygen in aqueous solutions such as from plasma to body tissue. The agent has been shown to increase available oxygen during hypoxic and ischemic conditions that may occur in hemorrhage, vascular and neurological disorders, and in the tumor microenvionment. Check for active clinical trials or closed clinical trials using this agent. (NCI Thesaurus)

transdermal estrogen  
A transdermal formulation containing the synthetic form of estradiol, the most potent, endogenously produced estrogen. Upon topical administration, estradiol diffuses through the cell membrane and binds to and activates specific intracellular estrogen receptors located on estrogen-responsive tissues, including the reproductive tract, breast, pituitary, hypothalamus, liver, and bone. The activated ligand-receptor complex binds to estrogen response elements on DNA and promotes the transcription of genes involved in the functioning of the female reproductive system and secondary sex characteristics. In addition, estradiol inhibits the pituitary secretion of the gonadotropins luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) through a negative feedback mechanism. Check for active clinical trials or closed clinical trials using this agent. (NCI Thesaurus)

transferrin receptor-targeted anti-RRM2 siRNA CALAA-01  
A proprietary transferrin receptor-targeted nanoparticle preparation of a non-chemically modified small-interfering RNA (siRNA) directed against the M2 subunit of ribonucleotide reductase (RRM2) with potential antineoplastic activity. Upon administration, transferrin receptor-targeted anti-RRM2 siRNA CALAA-01 binds to transferrin receptors (TfRs), releasing anti-RRM2 siRNA after endocytosis; anti-RRM2 siRNA silences the expression of RRM2 via the RNAi pathway, impeding the assembly of the holoenzyme ribonucleotide reductase (RR) which catalyzes the production of deoxyribonucleotides. As a result, inhibition of cellular proliferation may occur in cells expressing TfR, a cell surface protein overexpressed on various cancer cell types. Check for active clinical trials or closed clinical trials using this agent. (NCI Thesaurus)

transferrin receptor-targeted liposomal p53 cDNA  
A cationic liposomal, tumor-targeting p53 (TP53) gene delivery system with potential anti-tumor activity. Transferrin receptor-targeted liposomal p53 cDNA contains plasmid DNA encoding the tumor suppressor protein p53 packaged in membrane-like liposome capsules that are complexed with anti-transferrin receptor single-chain antibody (TfRscFv). Upon systemic administration, the anti-TfRscFv selectively binds to tumor cells expressing transferrin receptors. The p53 plasmid is delivered into the nucleus and as a result, p53 protein is produced in tumor cells that have altered p53 function. This results in the restoration of normal cell growth control mechanisms as well as normal response mechanisms to DNA damage. Check for active clinical trials or closed clinical trials using this agent. (NCI Thesaurus)

transferrin-CRM107  
A synthetic targeted protein toxin which consists of human transferrin (Tf) conjugated to a diphtheria toxin that contains a point mutation (CRM107). After binding to the transferrin receptor expressed on the tumor cell surface, transferrin-CRM107 is internalized, where the diphtheria toxin moiety exerts its cytotoxic effect intracellularly by inhibiting protein synthesis through ADP-ribosylation of elongation factor. Check for active clinical trials or closed clinical trials using this agent. (NCI Thesaurus)

transgenic lymphocyte immunization vaccine  
A vaccine consisting of a preparation of allogeneic lymphocytes that encode a gene for telomerase. In transgenic lymphocyte immunization, the transgenic cells are infused into the patient, where they serve as antigen- presenting cells (APCs) with the dual function of antigen synthesis and presentation. Vaccination produces an immune response targeting cancer cells expressing telomerase. Check for active clinical trials or closed clinical trials using this agent. (NCI Thesaurus)

TransMID  
(Other name for: transferrin-CRM107)

TrasGEX  
(Other name for: glycooptimized trastuzumab-GEX)

trastuzumab  
A recombinant humanized monoclonal antibody directed against the human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2). After binding to HER2 on the tumor cell surface, trastuzumab induces an antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity against tumor cells that overexpress HER2. HER2 is overexpressed by many adenocarcinomas, particularly breast adenocarcinomas. Check for active clinical trials or closed clinical trials using this agent. (NCI Thesaurus)

trastuzumab emtansine  
An antibody-drug conjugate (ADC) consisting of the recombinant anti-epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) monoclonal antibody trastuzumab conjugated to the maytansinoid DM1 via a nonreducible thioether linkage (MCC) with potential antineoplastic activity. The trastuzumab moiety of this ADC binds to HER2 on tumor cell surface surfaces; upon internalization, the DM1 moiety is released and binds to tubulin, thereby disrupting microtubule assembly/disassembly dynamics and inhibiting cell division and the proliferation of cancer cells that overexpress HER2. Linkage of antibody and drug through a nonreducible linker has been reported to contribute to the improved efficacy and reduced toxicity of this ADC compared to similar ADCs constructed with reducible linkers. Check for active clinical trials or closed clinical trials using this agent. (NCI Thesaurus)

Trasylol  
(Other name for: aprotinin bovine)

Traumasept  
(Other name for: povidone-iodine)

Traumeel S  
Diluted extracts isolated from plants and minerals, including belladonna, arnica, St. Johns wort, and Echinacea. As a homeopathic mouth rinse preparation, Traumeel S exhibits antiinflammatory activity; the mechanism of action has not been fully elucidated. This agent may reduce the severity and duration of treatment-related stomatitis. Check for active clinical trials or closed clinical trials using this agent. (NCI Thesaurus)

Treanda  
(Other name for: bendamustine hydrochloride)

trebananib  
An angiopoietin (Ang) 1 and 2 neutralizing peptibody, with potential antiangiogenic activity. Trebananib targets and binds to Ang1 and Ang2, thereby preventing the interaction of the angiopoietins with their target tie2 receptors. This may inhibit angiogenesis and may eventually lead to an inhibition of tumor cell proliferation. Check for active clinical trials or closed clinical trials using this agent. (NCI Thesaurus)

Trelstar Depot  
(Other name for: triptorelin pamoate)

tremelimumab  
A human IgG2 monoclonal antibody directed against the T-cell receptor protein cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated protein 4 (CTLA4). Tremelimumab binds to CTLA4 and blocks the binding of the antigen-presenting cell ligands B7-1 and B7-2 to CTLA4, resulting in inhibition of B7-CTLA4-mediated downregulation of T-cell activation; subsequently, B7-1 or B7-2 may interact with another T-cell surface receptor protein, CD28, resulting in a B7-CD28-mediated T-cell activation unopposed by B7-CTLA4-mediated inhibition. Check for active clinical trials or closed clinical trials using this agent. (NCI Thesaurus)

Trental  
(Other name for: pentoxifylline)

treosulfan  
The prodrug of a bifunctional sulfonate alkylating agent with myeloablative, immunosuppresive, and antineoplastic activities. Under physiological conditions, treosulfan converts nonenzymatically to L-diepoxybutane via a monoepoxide intermediate. The monoepoxide intermediate and L-diepoxybutane alkylate DNA at guanine residues and produce DNA interstrand crosslinks, resulting in DNA fragmentation and apoptosis. In escalated doses, this agent also exhbits myeloablative and immunosuppressive activities. Check for active clinical trials or closed clinical trials using this agent. (NCI Thesaurus)

tretinoin  
A naturally-occurring acid of retinol. Tretinoin binds to and activates retinoic acid receptors (RARs), thereby inducing changes in gene expression that lead to cell differentiation, decreased cell proliferation, and inhibition of tumorigenesis. This agent also inhibits telomerase, resulting in telomere shortening and eventual apoptosis of some tumor cell types. The oral form of tretinoin has teratogenic and embryotoxic properties. Check for active clinical trials or closed clinical trials using this agent. (NCI Thesaurus)

tri-virus/GD2-specific allogeneic cytotoxic T-lymphocytes  
Allogeneic tri-viral specific, Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), cytomegalovirus (CMV) and adenovirus (Ad), cytotoxic T-lymphocytes (tV-CTLs) expressing a chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) specific for disialoganglioside GD2 with potential antineoplastic activity. Tri-virus/GD2-specific allogeneic CTLs are produced by transducing tV-CTLs with a GD2-specific CAR retroviral vector. Upon administration, after an allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplant, these CTLs may be selective towards EBV, CMV, and Ad-infected cells and GD2-expressing tumor cells. The human glycosphingolipid GD2 is a tumor associated antigen overexpressed on the surface of all tumors of neuroectodermal origin. Check for active clinical trials or closed clinical trials using this agent. (NCI Thesaurus)

TriAb  
(Other name for: monoclonal antibody 11D10 anti-idiotype vaccine)

triacetyluridine  
A synthetic uridine pro-drug that is converted to uridine in vivo. Uridine, a pyrimidine nucleotide, has been used in a variety of diseases including depressive disorders and inherited myopathies. Check for active clinical trials or closed clinical trials using this agent. (NCI Thesaurus)

triamcinolone  
A synthetic glucocorticoid with anti-inflammatory and immunomodulating properties. Upon cell entry, triamcinolone binds to and activates the glucocorticoid receptor, which leads to translocation of the ligand-receptor complex to the nucleus and induces expression of glucocorticoid-responsive genes such as lipocortins. Lipocortins inhibit phospholipase A2, thereby blocking the release of arachidonic acid from membrane phospholipids and preventing the synthesis of prostaglandins and leukotrienes, both mediators of inflammation. In addition, pro-inflammatory cytokine production, including interleukin (IL)-1and IL-6, and the activation of cytotoxic T-lymphocytes is also inhibited. T-cells are prevented from making IL-2 and proliferating. This agent also decreases the number of circulating lymphocytes, induces cell differentiation, and stimulates apoptosis through increasing Ikappa-B expression and curtailing activation of nuclear factor (NF)kappa-B. Check for active clinical trials or closed clinical trials using this agent. (NCI Thesaurus)

triamcinolone acetonide  
The acetonide salt of triamcinolone, a synthetic glucocorticosteroid with immunosuppressive and anti-inflammatory activities. Triamcinolone binds to specific cytosolic glucocorticoid receptors, which subsequently interact with the glucocorticoid receptor response element on DNA, gene expression is altered so that the synthesis of certain anti-inflammatory proteins is induced while the synthesis of certain inflammatory mediators is inhibited. Consequently, chronic inflammatory and autoimmune reactions are reduced. Check for active clinical trials or closed clinical trials using this agent. (NCI Thesaurus)

triapine  
A synthetic heterocyclic carboxaldehyde thiosemicarbazone with potential antineoplastic activity. Triapine inhibits the enzyme ribonucleotide reductase, resulting in the inhibition of the conversion of ribonucleoside diphosphates to deoxyribonucleotides necessary for DNA synthesis. This agent has been shown to inhibit tumor growth in vitro. Check for active clinical trials or closed clinical trials using this agent. (NCI Thesaurus)

triazinate  
A synthetic dihydrotriazine derivative with antineoplastic properties. As an antifolate agent related to methotrexate (MTX), triazinate inhibits the enzyme dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR), resulting in decreased tetrahydrofolate production and interference with thymidylate synthesis. Unlike MTX, this agent is not converted to polyglutamate forms. Triazinate also inhibits the transport of folates and may be selectively toxic to MTX-resistant tumor cells. Check for active clinical trials or closed clinical trials using this agent. (NCI Thesaurus)

triazine derivative TriN2755  
A synthetic triazene derivative with antineoplastic activity. Upon metabolic activation via N-demethylation, TriN2755 is converted into highly reactive carbocations that can alkylate DNA and other macromolecules, thereby resulting in DNA cross links, inhibiting DNA replication and repair, and subsequently inducing apoptosis. This agent has high hydrophilicity and photostability and shows a favorable toxicity profile over the other triazenes. Check for active clinical trials or closed clinical trials using this agent. (NCI Thesaurus)

tributyrin  
A triglyceride prodrug of butyric acid with potential antineoplastic activity. Butyrate, the active metabolite of tributyrin, inhibits histone deacetylase, resulting in increased differentiation, decreased proliferation, cell cycle arrest, and apoptosis in some tumor cell lines. Check for active clinical trials or closed clinical trials using this agent. (NCI Thesaurus)

triciribine phosphate  
The phosphate salt of the synthetic, cell-permeable tricyclic nucleoside triciribine with potential antineoplastic activity. Triciribine inhibits the phosphorylation, activation, and signalling of Akt-1, -2, and -3, which may result in the inhibition of Akt-expressing tumor cell proliferation. Akts are anti-apoptotic serine/theronine-specific protein kinases that phosphorylate and inactivate components of the apoptotic machinery, including Bcl-xL/Bcl-2-associated death promoter (BAD) and caspase 9. Check for active clinical trials or closed clinical trials using this agent. (NCI Thesaurus)

Tricor  
(Other name for: fenofibrate)

trientine hydrochloride  
The hydrochloride salt form of a metal chelating agent with potential anti-angiogenic activity. Trientine chelates excess copper (Cu) ions in the body; the excess copper is subsequently removed from the body through the kidneys. As Cu is an essential cofactor for cuproenzymes, such as superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD1), depletion of copper may inhibit the activation of signal transduction pathways required for cellular proliferation and angiogenesis. In addition, trientine may inhibit copper-induced secretion of interleukin-8 (IL-8). Check for active clinical trials or closed clinical trials using this agent. (NCI Thesaurus)

trifluoperazine hydrochloride  
The hydrochloride salt of trifluoperazine, a phenothiazine derivative and a dopamine, alpha-adrenergic, and anticholinergic antagonist with antipsychotic, anxiolytic, and antiemetic activities. Trifluoperazine blocks central dopamine receptors, which may prevent or mitigate delusions and hallucinations caused by an excess of dopamine; dopamine blockade in the chemoreceptor trigger zone (CTZ) may result in an antiemetic effect. This agent binds to central adrenergic receptors, which may result in anxiolytic effects.Trifluoperazine also functions as a calmodulin inhibitor, elevating cytosolic calcium. Check for active clinical trials or closed clinical trials using this agent. (NCI Thesaurus)

trifluridine  
A fluorinated thymidine analog with potential antineoplastic activity. Trifluridine is incorporated into DNA and inhibits thymidylate synthase, resulting in inhibition of DNA synthesis, inhibition of protein synthesis, and apoptosis. This agent also exhibits antiviral activity. Check for active clinical trials or closed clinical trials using this agent. (NCI Thesaurus)

trifluridine/tipiracil hydrochloride combination agent TAS-102  
An orally bioavailable combination agent composed of the cytotoxic pyrimidine analog trifluridine (5-trifluoro-2’-deoxythymidine or TFT) and a thymidine phosphorylase inhibitor (TPI) tipiracil hydrochloride, in a molar ratio of 1.0:0.5 (TFT:TPI), with potential antineoplastic activity. After oral administration of TAS-102, TFT is phosphorylated to the active monophosphate form TF-TMP, which binds covalently to the active site of thymidylate synthase, thereby reducing the nucleotide pool levels required for DNA replication. Furthermore, the triphosphate form TF-TTP can be incorporated into DNA, which induces DNA fragmentation and leads to the inhibition of tumor growth. TPI exhibits a dual effect: 1) an anti-angiogenic effect mediated through the inhibition of thymidine phosphorylase, which plays an important role in nucleotide metabolism and a variety of development processes, including angiogenesis, 2) increased bioavailability of the normally short-lived antimetabolite TFT by preventing its degradation into the inactive form trifluorothymine (TF-Thy). The synergistic effect of the components in TAS-10 may demonstrate antitumor activity in 5-FU-resistant cancer cells. Check for active clinical trials or closed clinical trials using this agent. (NCI Thesaurus)

Trilisate  
(Other name for: choline magnesium trisalicylate)

trilostane  
A synthetic derivative of androstane with adrenocortical suppressive properties. Trilostane reversibly inhibits 3 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase delta 5-4 isomerase in the adrenal cortex, resulting in the decreased synthesis of mineralocorticoids and glucocorticoids and the decreased conversion of pregnenolone to progesterone. Check for active clinical trials or closed clinical trials using this agent. (NCI Thesaurus)

trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole  
A synthetic combination of two antibacterial agents, trimethoprim and sulfamethoxazole. This synergistic combination, also known as co-trimoxazole, inhibits two sequential steps in the bacterial metabolism of folic acid. Trimethoprim is a pyrimidine inhibitor of dihydrofolate reductase; sulfamethoxazole is a sulfamide inhibitor of bacterial dihydrofolate synthetase. Check for active clinical trials or closed clinical trials using this agent. (NCI Thesaurus)

trimethylcolchicinic acid  
A colchicine analog with potential antineoplastic activity. Trimethylcolchicinic acid binds to tubulin, inhibiting its polymerization into microtubules and preventing cell division. Check for active clinical trials or closed clinical trials using this agent. (NCI Thesaurus)

trimetrexate glucuronate  
A lipid soluble methotrexate derivative with potential antineoplastic activity. Trimetrexate glucuronate inhibits the enzyme dihydrofolate reductase, thereby preventing the synthesis of purine nucleotides and thymidylate, with subsequent inhibition of DNA and RNA synthesis. Trimetrexate glucuronate also exhibits antiviral activity. Check for active clinical trials or closed clinical trials using this agent. (NCI Thesaurus)

Trimox  
(Other name for: amoxicillin)

Triostat  
(Other name for: liothyronine sodium)

Tripedia  
(Other name for: diphtheria toxin/tetanus toxoid/acellular pertussis vaccine adsorbed)

triptorelin  
A synthetic decapeptide agonist analog of luteinizing hormone releasing hormone (LHRH). Possessing greater potency than endogenous LHRH, triptorelin reversibly represses gonadotropin secretion. After chronic, continuous administration, this agent effects sustained decreases in LH and FSH production and testicular and ovarian steroidogenesis. Serum testosterone concentrations may fall to levels typically observed in surgically castrated men. Check for active clinical trials or closed clinical trials using this agent. (NCI Thesaurus)

triptorelin pamoate  
The pamoate salt of triptorelin, a synthetic decapeptide agonist analog of luteinizing hormone releasing hormone (LHRH). Possessing greater potency than endogenous LHRH, triptorelin reversibly represses gonadotropin secretion after prolonged administration. After chronic, continuous administration, a sustained decrease in LH, FSH and testicular and ovarian steroidogenesis is observed. The serum testosterone concentration may fall to levels typically seen in surgically castrated men. Check for active clinical trials or closed clinical trials using this agent. (NCI Thesaurus)

Trisenox  
(Other name for: arsenic trioxide)

trivalent influenza vaccine  
A synthetic vaccine consisting of three inactivated influenza viruses, two different influenza type A strains and one influenza type B strain. Trivalent influenza vaccine is formulated annually, based on influenza strains projected to be prevalent in the upcoming flu season. This agent may be formulated for injection or intranasal administration. Check for active clinical trials or closed clinical trials using this agent. (NCI Thesaurus)

trivalent live-attenuated influenza vaccine  
A weakened live virus vaccine containing three seasonal influenza reassortants with prophylactic activity against influenza subtypes A and B. The trivalent live-attenuated influenza vaccine (LAIV) contains 2 strains of the influenza subtype A, one for H1N1 and one for H3N2, and one strain of subtype B. Upon intranasal administration by sprayer of the trivalent LAIV, the live viruses replicate in the upper respiratory tract and induce an immune response leading to active immunization against influenza subtypes A and B. Check for active clinical trials or closed clinical trials using this agent. (NCI Thesaurus)

trofosfamide  
An orally bioavailable oxazaphosphorine prodrug with antineoplastic activity. Trofosfamide (TFF) is metabolized predominantly to the cyclophosphamide analogue ifosfamide (IFO), which is then metabolized by liver cytochrome P450s to the active isophosphoramide mustard (IPM). IPM alkylates DNA to form DNA-DNA cross-links, which may result in inhibition of DNA, RNA and protein synthesis, and tumor cell apoptosis. Check for active clinical trials or closed clinical trials using this agent. (NCI Thesaurus)

troglitazone  
An orally-active thiazolidinedione with antidiabetic and hepatotoxic properties and potential antineoplastic activity. Troglitazone activates peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPAR-gamma), a ligand-activated transcription factor, thereby inducing cell differentiation and inhibiting cell growth and angiogenesis. This agent also modulates the transcription of insulin-responsive genes, inhibits macrophage and monocyte activation, and stimulates adipocyte differentiation. Check for active clinical trials or closed clinical trials using this agent. (NCI Thesaurus)

tropisetron  
An indole derivative with antiemetic activity. As a selective serotonin receptor antagonist, tropisetron competitively blocks the action of serotonin at 5HT3 receptors, resulting in suppression of chemotherapy-and radiotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting. Check for active clinical trials or closed clinical trials using this agent. (NCI Thesaurus)

tropomysin receptor kinase inhibitor AZD7451  
A tropomyosin receptor kinase (TRK) inhibitor with potential antineoplastic activity. AZD7451 binds to TRK, thereby preventing the neurotrophin-TRK interaction and subsequent TRK activation. This may eventually result in an inhibition of tumor cell proliferation in TRK-expressing tumor cells. TRK, a receptor tyrosine kinase activated by neurotrophins, is mutated in a variety of cancer cell types and plays an important role in tumor cell growth, invasion and survival. Check for active clinical trials or closed clinical trials using this agent. (NCI Thesaurus)

TroVax  
(Other name for: recombinant modified vaccinia Ankara-5T4 vaccine)

troxacitabine  
A dioxolane derivative and a novel L-configuration deoxycytidine analogue with potent antineoplastic activity. When incorporated into growing chain during DNA replication, troxacitabine stops DNA polymerization due to its unnatural L-configuration, in contrast to the normal nucleotides with D-configuration. As a result, this agent terminates DNA synthesis upon incorporated into DNA molecules, and consequently interrupts tumor cell proliferation. Check for active clinical trials or closed clinical trials using this agent. (NCI Thesaurus)

Troxatyl  
(Other name for: troxacitabine)

TRP2 mRNA-electroporated autologous langerhans-type dendritic cell vaccine  
A cancer cell vaccine composed of autologous human Langerhans-type dendritic cells (also known as Langerhans cells or LCs) that are electroporated with mRNA encoding full-length murine tyrosinase-related peptide 2 (TRP2), with potential antineoplastic and immunomodulating activities. Upon vaccination, the TRP2 mRNA-electroporated autologous Langerhans-type dendritic cell vaccine may stimulate the immune system to mount a cytotoxic T-lymphocyte (CTL) response against TRP2-expressing tumor cells. TRP2, a tautomerase involved in the synthesis of melanin, is only expressed in melanomas, melanocytes, and the retina. The LCs are differentiated from CD34 positive hematopoietic progenitor cells. Check for active clinical trials or closed clinical trials using this agent. (NCI Thesaurus)

TRPV6 calcium channel inhibitor SOR-C13  
An inhibitor of transient receptor potential cation channel vanilloid family member 6 (TRPV6, CaT1 or CATL) with potential antineoplastic activity. TRPV6 calcium channel inhibitor SOR-C13 binds to TRPV6 and prevents the influx of calcium ions into TRPV6-expressing tumor cells. This inhibits the activation of nuclear factor of activated T-cell (NFAT) transcription complex which may result in an inhibition of calcium-dependent cancer cell proliferation and an induction of apoptosis in tumor cells overexpressing TRPV6. The TRPV6 ion channel plays a key role in calcium homeostasis and is highly selective for calcium compared to other cations; it is overexpressed in a variety of tumors and initiates tumor cell growth, proliferation and metastases. Check for active clinical trials or closed clinical trials using this agent. (NCI Thesaurus)

Truphylline  
(Other name for: aminophylline)

tryptophanase  
Encoded by human TDO2 Gene, 406-aa 48-kDa Tryptophanase is a homotetramer that may bind protoheme IV involved in tryptophan catabolism with broad specificity towards tryptamine and derivatives including tryptophan, 5-hydroxytryptophan, and serotonin. Check for active clinical trials or closed clinical trials using this agent. (NCI Thesaurus)

TS-1  
(Other name for: tegafur-gimeracil-oteracil potassium)

TS-ONE  
(Other name for: tegafur-gimeracil-oteracil potassium)

TSP-1 mimetic fusion protein CVX-045  
A fusion protein containing two thrombospondin (TSP-1)-derived nonamer peptides covalently attached, via a proprietary diketone linker, to a proprietary humanized catalytic monoclonal aldolase monoclonal antibody with potential antiangiogenic and antineoplastic activities. The TSP-1 mimetic peptide moieties of TSP-1 mimetic fusion protein CVX-045 bind to TSP-1 receptors, such as CD36, and inhibit tumor angiogenesis, which may result in the inhibition of tumor cell proliferation. The proprietary humanized catalytic monoclonal aldolase monoclonal antibody contains reactive lysine residues in its binding sites, which react covalently with compounds having a diketone function; the TSP-1 mimetic peptide moieties are then covalently attached to the diketone linkers via a proprietary spacer. Check for active clinical trials or closed clinical trials using this agent. (NCI Thesaurus)

TTI-237  
A small synthetic molecule of triazolopyrimidine derivative with potential antitumor activity. With a novel mechanism of action distinct from the action of other vinca alkaloid compounds, TTI-237 specifically binds to tubulin at the vinca site, and promotes the polymerization of tubulin into microtubules. TTI-237 stabilizes tubulin and inhibits microtubule disassembly. This results in cell cycle arrest at the G2/M phase, and leading to cell death. Check for active clinical trials or closed clinical trials using this agent. (NCI Thesaurus)

tubercidin  
An antibiotic and adenosine analog isolated from the bacterium Streptomyces tubercidicus with potential antineoplastic activity. Tubercidin is incorporated into DNA and inhibits polymerases, thereby inhibiting DNA replication and RNA and protein synthesis. This agent also exhibits antifungal and antiviral activities. Check for active clinical trials or closed clinical trials using this agent. (NCI Thesaurus)

tubulin inhibitor ALB 109564(a)  
A semi-synthetic derivative of the vinka alkaloid vinblastine with potential antineoplastic activity. Tubulin inhibitor ALB 109564(a) binds to tubulin monomers and inhibits microtubule formation, resulting in disruption of mitotic spindle assembly and arrest of tumor cells in the G2/M phase of the cell cycle. Check for active clinical trials or closed clinical trials using this agent. (NCI Thesaurus)

tubulin polymerization inhibitor CKD-516  
A benzophenone derivative and water soluble valine prodrug of the tubulin binding agent S516, with potential tubulin-inhibiting, vascular-disrupting and antineoplastic activity. Upon administration, tubulin polymerization inhibitor CKD-516 is converted into its active metabolite S-516, which binds to tubulin and prevents its polymerization in tumor blood vessel endothelial cells and tumor cells. This blocks the formation of the mitotic spindle and leads to cell cycle arrest at the G2/M phase. As a result, this agent disrupts the tumor vasculature and tumor blood flow, deprives tumor cells of nutrients and induces tumor cell apoptosis. In addition, this agent has a direct cytotoxic effect on tumor cells by inhibiting tubulin polymerization. Check for active clinical trials or closed clinical trials using this agent. (NCI Thesaurus)

tubulin-binding agent SSR97225  
An antimitotic tubulin-binding agent with potential antineoplastic activity. Tubulin-binding agent SSR97225 binds to tubulin, arresting the cell cycle at the G2/M checkpoint and preventing mitosis. Check for active clinical trials or closed clinical trials using this agent. (NCI Thesaurus)

tucotuzumab celmoleukin  
A recombinant fusion protein comprised of a human monoclonal antibody directed against the epithelial cell adhesion molecule (EpCAM or KS) linked to an active interleukin-2 (IL2) molecule with potential antineoplastic activity. The humanized monoclonal antibody moiety of tucotuzumab celmoleukin recognizes and binds to EpCAM, a cell surface epithelial protein that is expressed on a wide variety of cancer cells, thereby concentrating IL2 in EpCAM-expressing tumor tissue. Subsequently, the localized IL2 moiety of this fusion protein may stimulate a cytotoxic T-cell antitumor immune response. Check for active clinical trials or closed clinical trials using this agent. (NCI Thesaurus)

Tygacil  
(Other name for: tigecycline)

Tykerb  
(Other name for: lapatinib ditosylate)

Tylenol  
(Other name for: acetaminophen)

typhoid vaccine  
A bacterial vaccine used to prevent typhoid fever, which is caused by Salmonella typhi bacteria. Check for active clinical trials or closed clinical trials using this agent. (NCI Thesaurus)

tyroserleutide  
A tripeptide consisting of tyrosine, serine, and leucine with potential antineoplastic activity. Although the mechanism of its antitumor activity has yet to be fully elucidated, tyroserleutide appears to inhibit the expression of ICAM-1 (CD54), a cell adhesion factor of the immunoglobulin (Ig) superfamily that plays an important role in the invasion, adhesion, and metastasis of tumor cells. In addition, this agent may influence the Ca2+/calmodulin pathway, inhibiting phosphatidylinositol 3 kinase (PI3K); PI3K is upregulated in tumor cells and is involved in cellular proliferation. Check for active clinical trials or closed clinical trials using this agent. (NCI Thesaurus)

tyrosinase peptide  
One of a number of recombinant peptides consisting of amino acid residues of the enzyme tyrosinase, a protein frequently expressed by melanoma cells. Vaccination with tyrosinase peptide may stimulate cytotoxic T lymphocyte response against tyrosinase-expressing tumor cells, resulting in decreased tumor growth. Check for active clinical trials or closed clinical trials using this agent. (NCI Thesaurus)

tyrosine kinase inhibitor OSI-930  
A selective thiophene-derived tyrosine kinase inhibitor with potential antineoplastic activity. Tyrosine kinase inhibitor OSI-930 inhibits stem cell factor receptor (c-Kit) and the vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 (VEGFR2), which may result in the inhibition of both tumor cell proliferation and tumor angiogenesis. Both c-Kit and VEGFR2 are overexpressed in a variety of cancers. Check for active clinical trials or closed clinical trials using this agent. (NCI Thesaurus)

tyrosine kinase inhibitor XL228  
A synthetic molecule that targets multiple tyrosine kinases with potential antineoplastic activity. Tyrosine kinase inhibitor XL228 binds to and inhibits the activities of multiple tyrosine kinases, such as the insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor (IGF1R), Src tyrosine kinase, and Bcr-Abl tyrosine kinase. Blockade of these kinases may result in the inhibition of tumor angiogenesis, cell proliferation, and metastasis. In addition, this agent may be a potent inhibitor of the T315I mutant form of the Abl protein, which is associated with the resistance of chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) to other tyrosine kinase inhibitors. IGF1R and Src tyrosine kinases are upregulated in many tumor cells and play important roles in tumor cell proliferation and metastasis. Bcr-Abl translocation leads to constitutive activation of ABL kinase and is commonly associated with Philadelphia-positive acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL). Check for active clinical trials or closed clinical trials using this agent. (NCI Thesaurus)

Tysabri  
(Other name for: natalizumab)

Tyzeka  
(Other name for: telbivudine)

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