Analyses of Substance Abuse and Treatment Need Issues

Table of Contents (TOC)

CITATION:

• ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
• PUBLIC DOMAIN NOTICE
• OBTAINING ADDITIONAL COPIES OF PUBLICATION
• ORIGINATING OFFICE:  SAMHSA Office of Applied Studies
• Introduction

1. Children at Risk Because of Parental Substance Abuse

Methodology

Results

References

Table 1:  Estimated Number and Percentage of Children in the Household Who Had One or More Parent in Need of Treatment for Illicit Drug Abuse, by Children’s Ages:   NHSDA 1996.

Table 2:  Estimated Number and Percentage of Children in the Household Who Had One or More Parent Dependent on Illicit Drugs, by Children’s Ages:   NHSDA 1996.

Table 3:  Estimated Number and Percentage of Children in the Household Who Had One or More Parent Dependent on Alcohol, by Children’s Ages:   NHSDA 1996.

Table 4:  Estimated Number and Percentage of Children in the Household Who Had One or More Parent Dependent on Alcohol and/or Illicit Drugs, by Children’s Ages:   NHSDA 1996.

Table 5:  Estimated Number and Percentage of Children in the Household Who Had One or More Parent Dependent on Alcohol and/or in Need of Treatment for Illicit Drug Abuse, by Children’s Ages:   NHSDA 1996

Table 6:  Estimated Number and Percentage of Children in the Household Who Had One or More Parent Who Used Any Illicit Drug in the Past Year, by Children’s Ages:   NHSDA 1996.

Table 7:  Estimated Number and Percentage of Children in the Household Who Had One or More Parent Who Used Any Illicit Drug in the Past Month, by Children’s Ages:   NHSDA 1996.

Table 8:  Estimated Number and Percentage of Children in the Household Who Had One or More Parent Who Used Cigarettes in the Past Month, by Children’s Ages:   NHSDA 1996.

2. Heroin Abuse in the United States

• Description of Heroin and Effects of Use
• Prevalence of Heroin Use
• Characteristics of Heroin Users
• Patterns of Use
• Trends in Heroin Use
• Increase In Snorting, Sniffing, and Smoking
• Increasing Use Among Young People
• Trends In New Use (Incidence)

References

Table 1:   Percent Distribution of the U.S. Population Ages 12 and Older Reporting Past Year Use of Heroin, by Demographic Characteristics:   1991-92 and 1995-96

Table 1 continued: 

Table 2:  Percentage of the U.S. Population Ages 12 and Older Reporting Past Year Use of Heroin, by Demographic Characteristics:   1991-92 and 1995-96

Table 2 continued: 

Table 3:  Percentage of the U.S. Population Ages 12 and Older Reporting Lifetime Use of Heroin, by Demographic Characteristics:   1995 and 1996 Combined

Table 3 continued: 

Table 4:  Distribution of Heroin-Related Deaths in Selected Metropolitan Areas, by Demographic Characteristics:   1992-1995

Table 5:   Distribution of Heroin-Related Deaths by Characteristics of Episode:   1992-1995

Table 6:   Distribution of Heroin-Related Emergency Department Visits by Selected Demographic Characteristics:   1991-1995

Table 7:  Distribution of Heroin-Related Emergency Department Visits by Characteristics of Episode:   1991-1995

Table 8:  Distribution of Primary Heroin Admissions to Treatment Units Receiving Public Funds, by Selected Demographic and other Characteristics:   1995

Table 9:  Number and Percent Distribution of Admissions to Publicly-Funded Treatment Units for Primary Heroin Use by Route of Administration and Age:   1995

Table 10:  Heroin-Related Emergency Department Visits by Age and Route of Administration:   1991-1995

Table 11:  Percent of Eighth, Tenth and Twelfth Graders Using Heroin in the Past Year and Lifetime:   1991-1996

Table 12:  Distribution of the U.S. Population Age 12 and Older Reporting Using Heroin for the First Time:   1989-91 and 1993-95

Table 13:  Estimated Number (in Thousands) of Persons Who First Used Heroin During Each Year 1962-1995, Their Mean Age at First Use, and Annual Age-Specific Rates of First Use (per 1000 Person-Years of Exposure), Based on 1994-1996 NHSDAs

• Methamphetamine-Related Deaths
• Methamphetamine-Related Hospital ED Episodes
• Admissions to Specialty Substance Abuse Treatment Facilities
• Levels of Use in the U.S. Population
• References
• Table 1:  Number of Methamphetamine-Related Deaths in Selected Metropolitan Areas:   1992-1995
• Table 2:  Distribution of Methamphetamine/Speed-Related Deaths by Selected Demographic Characteristics:   1992-1995
• Table 2 continued: 
• Table 2 continued: 
• Table 3:  Estimated Number of Emergency Department Methamphetamine Mentions in the U.S. and In Selected Metropolitan Areas:   1991-1995
• Table 4:  Distribution of Methamphetamine/Speed-Related Emergency Department Episodes by Selected Demographic Characteristics:   1991-1995
• Table 5:  Number of Primary Methamphetamine Admissions to Publicly-funded Treatment Units in Reporting States:   1993-1995
• Table 5 continued: 
• Table 6:  Number of Admissions to Publicly-funded Treatment Units for Primary Methamphetamine Use and Percent Distribution by Route of Administration:   1993-95
• Table 7:  Number of Admissions to Treatment Facilities that Receive Public Funding for Primary Amphetamine Use (including Methamphetamine):   1993-1995
• Table 8:  Percentage and 95 Percent Confidence Intervals of Total Population Ages 12 and Older Reporting Lifetime Methamphetamine Use, by Demographic Characteristics:   1994-96
• Table 9:  Percentage and 95% Confidence Intervals of Total Population Ages 12 and Older Reporting Past Year Nonmedical Stimulant Use and Lifetime Use of Methamphetamine, by Demographic Characteristics:   1994-96

• GHB-Related Deaths
• GHB-Related Hospital ED Episodes
• References
• Table 1:  Distribution of GHB-Related Emergency Department Episodes by Selected Demographic Characteristics:   1991-1995
• Table 2:  Estimated Number of Emergency Department GHB Mentions in the U.S. and In Selected Metropolitan Areas:   1992-1996

5. Self-Reported Problems Associated with Drug Use

• Introduction
• Methods
• Characteristics of Past Year Marijuana and Cocaine Users
• Self-Reported Problems Associated with Drug Use
• Health Status
• Days Lost From Work
• Driving Behaviors
• Conclusions
• References
• Table 1:  Frequency of Use Among Past Year Marijuana and Cocaine Users, 1991-92
• Table 2:  Demographic Characteristics of Past Year Marijuana and Cocaine Users by Frequency of Use, 1991-1992
• Table 2 (continued): 
• Table 3:  Percentage of Past Year Marijuana and Cocaine Users Reporting Problems in the Past Year Caused by Their Marijuana or Cocaine Use, by Frequency of Use:   1991-1992
• Table 3 (continued): 
• Table 4:  Adjusted Odds Ratios and 95% Confidence Intervals for frequency of Marijuana and Cocaine Use as a Predictor of Reported Problems, 1991-1992
• Table 5:  Percentage Reporting Health in Past Year as Below "Very Good" Among Past Year Marijuana and Cocaine Users and Non-users Age 18-49 by Cigarette Smoking Status and Frequency of Use of Marijuana and Cocaine, 1991-1992
• Table 7:  Percentage of Full-Time Employed Persons Age 18-49 Who Reported Missing or Skipping at Least One Day From Work in Past Month by Past Month Cigarette Smoking Status and Past Month Use of Marijuana and Cocaine, 1991-1992
• Table 7 (continued): 
• Table 8:  Percentage of Persons age 16 to 49 who Reported Driving Under the Influence of Alcohol or Drugs in Past Year by Past Year Marijuana and Cocaine Use, 1991-1992
• Table 9:  Adjusted Odds Ratios and 95% Confidence Intervals for Frequency of Cocaine or Marijuana Use as a Predictor of Reporting Having Driven Under the Influence of Alcohol or Other Drugs or Having Had a Motor Vehicle Accident in the Past Year among Past Year Users of Marijuana and Cocaine Age 16-49, 1991-1992

• Introduction
• Methods
• Results
• Self-reported Problem Behaviors Associated With Marijuana Use
• Withdrawal: 
• Somatic Complaints: 
• Anxiety/Depression: 
• Social Problems: 
• Thought Problems: 
• Attention Problems: 
• Delinquent Behavior: 
• Aggressive Behavior: 
• Criminal Behavior: 
• Conclusion
• References
• Table 1:  Percentage Distribution of Past Year Frequency of Marijuana Use Among Past Year Users by Age, 1994-96
• Table 2:  Frequency Distribution of Past Year Marijuana Users Age 12-17 by Frequency of Use and Selected Demographic Characteristics:   1994-96
• Table 2 continued: 
• Table 3:   Percentage and 95% confidence interval for adolescents age 12-17 reporting withdrawal complaints in the past 6 months by frequency of marijuana use, 1994-6
• Table 4:   Percentage and 95% confidence interval for adolescents age 12-17 reporting somatic complaints in the past 6 months by frequency of marijuana use, 1994-6
• Table 5:   Percentage and 95% confidence interval for adolescents age 12-17 reporting anxiety and depression in the past 6 months by frequency of marijuana use, 1994-6
• Table 6:   Percentage and 95% confidence interval for adolescents age 12-17 reporting social problems in the past 6 months by frequency of marijuana use, 1994-6
• Table 7:   Percentage and 95% confidence interval for adolescents age 12-17 reporting thought problems in the past 6 months by frequency of marijuana use, 1994-6
• Table 8:   Percentage and 95% confidence interval for adolescents age 12-17 reporting attention problems in the past 6 months by frequency of marijuana use, 1994-6
• Table 9:   Percentage and 95% confidence interval for adolescents age 12-17 reporting delinquent behavior in the past 6 months by frequency of marijuana use, 1994-6
• Table 10:   Percentage and 95% confidence interval for adolescents age 12-17 reporting aggressive behavior in the past 6 months by frequency of marijuana use, 1994-6
• Table 11:   Percentage and 95% confidence interval for adolescents age 12-17 reporting criminal behavior in the past year by frequency of marijuana use, 1994-6

7. Estimating Substance Abuse Treatment Need From a National Household Survey

• Introduction
• History
• Recently Developed Methods
• Table 1:  Twelve Month Estimates of Dependence From the NHSDA and the NCS for Persons 18-44 Years of Age
• Table 2:  Comparison of Two Definitions of Drug Dependence from the NCS
• Table 3:  Spearman Rank Order Correlations Between the NCS and the NHSDA for Criterion Level Prevalence
• Table 4:  Population Size and the Percent Dependent For Selected Drug Abusing Populations Based on the 1991 NHSDA
• Future Research
• Conclusions
• References
• Appendix 1:  DSM-III-R criteria for substance dependence and corresponding questions in the 1991-1993 NHSDA that represent them.

• 1991-93 Treatment Need Estimates
• Questionnaire Changes Between 1991 and 1996 Affecting Treatment Need Components
• Developing a New Treatment Need Algorithm for 1994-1996
• Description of the New Treatment Need Algorithm for 1994-B - 1996
• Estimates of Treatment Need
• Table 1:  Estimates of Number of Persons Needing and Receiving Treatment for Drug Abuse Problems:   NHSDA 1991-96
• Appendix 1 DSM-III-R criteria for substance dependence and corresponding questions in the 1991-1993 NHSDA that represent them.
• Appendix 2 DSM-III-R criteria for substance dependence and corresponding questions from the 1994 NHSDA to represent them.
• Appendix 3 DSM-IV criteria for substance dependence and corresponding questionnaire items used in the 1995 and 1996 NHSDA to represent them.
• Appendix 4 DSM-IV Criteria for Substance Dependence and Corresponding Questions in the 1994-B NHSDA used to cover the DSM-IV criteria.
• Appendix 5 Prevalence Estimates of Individual DSM Criteria for 1994 and 1995 by Drug
• Appendix 5 cont’d
• Appendix 5 cont’d
• Table 1:  Total Population Age 12 and Older with Drug Abuse Treatment Need, by Year and Demographic Characteristics, in Thousands
• Table 2:  Percent of Population Age 12 and Older with Drug Abuse Treatment Need, by Year and Demographic Characteristics
• Table 3:  Total Population Age 12 and Older with Level 2 Drug Abuse Treatment Need, by Year and Demographic Characteristics, in Thousands
• Table 4:  Percent of Population Age 12 and Older with Level 2 Drug Abuse Treatment Need, by Year and Demographic Characteristics
• Table 5:  Total Population Age 12 and Older Dependent on Any Illicit Drug by Year and Demographic Characteristics, in Thousands
• Table 6:  Percent of Population Age 12 and Older Dependent on any Illicit Drug by Year and Demographic Characteristics
• Table 7:   Estimates of Number of Persons Needing Treatment in Thousands:   1991-1996
• Appendix 7 Estimates and Standard Errors of the Number of Persons Needing Treatment for Drug Abuse Problems:   1994B-96