The National Institute of Diabetes & Digestive & Kidney Diseases

Diabetes Databases, Registries and Information

The mission of the BCBC is to facilitate interdisciplinary approaches that will advance our understanding of pancreatic islet cell development, regenerative capacity and function. The long-term goal is to develop a cell-based therapy, or treatments leading to controlled beta-cell renewal, in order to restore normal insulin production to diabetic patients.

For more information, contact Dr. Olivier Blondel, DEM, Director, Endocrine Systems Biology Program or Dr. Sheryl Sato , DEM, Director, Neurobiology of Obesity and Developmental Biology Programs.

The goal of the Bioinformatics Integration Support Contract (BISC) is to advance the discovery and testing of new therapies for immune-mediated diseases and to further the understanding of the basis of innate and adaptive immunity by providing advanced computer support for scientific data handling and disseminating best practices in scientific data analysis.

For more information, contact Dr. Lisa Spain, DEM, Director, Immunobiology of Type 1 Diabetes Program and Autoimmune Endocrine Diseases Program.

On July 1, 2003, The National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK) of the National Institutes of Health (NIH) established Central NIDDK Repositories for biosamples and data collected in clinical studies. The purpose of the Central Repositories is to expand the usefulness of these studies by providing access to the biosamples and data to a wider research community beyond the end of the study.

For more information, contact Dr. Rebekah Rasooly, Deputy Director of the Division of Kidney, Urologic, and Hematologic Diseases.

The mission of CITR is to expedite progress and promote safety in islet/beta cell transplantation through the collection, analysis, and communication of comprehensive and current data on all islet/beta cell transplants performed in North America and soon some transplants in Europe and Australia. An Annual Report that is available on the public web site. This site serves as a repository for general information concerning protocols, clinical transplantation sites, publications, and other information of interest to the general community.

For more information, contact Dr. Michael Appel, DEM, Director, Islet Biology and Transplantation Research Program.

The Diabetes Genome Anatomy Project (DGAP) represents a unique, multidimensional initiative whose goal is to unravel the interface between insulin action, insulin resistance and the genetics of type 2 diabetes. The overall goal of the project is to identify the sets of the genes involved in insulin action and the predisposition to type 2 diabetes, as well as the secondary changes in gene expression that occur in response to the metabolic abnormalities present in diabetes.

For more information, contact Dr. Olivier Blondel, DEM, Director, Endocrine Systems Biology Program.

A compilation and assessment of epidemiologic, public health, and clinical data on diabetes and its complications in the United States.

For more information, contact Dr. Catherine Cowie, DEM, Director, Diabetes Epidemiology Program.

or http://www.bsc.gwu.edu/bsc/studies/edic.html    

An observational study examining the risk factors associated with the long-term complications of type 1 diabetes. The study began in 1994 and follows the 1441 participants previously enrolled in the Diabetes Control and Complications Trial (DCCT).

For more information, contact Dr. Catherine Cowie, DEM, Director, Diabetes Epidemiology Program.

The dbMHC database provides an open, publicly accessible platform for DNA and clinical data related to the human Major Histocompatibility Complex (MHC).

For more information, contact Dr. Beena Akolkar, DEM, Director, Immunopathogenesis and Genetics of Type 1 Diabetes Program.

The Centers are housed at outstanding academic institutions, staffed by experts in state-of-the-art technology. Researchers can ship mice to one of the four Centers and obtain on a fee-for-service basis a range of complex exams used to characterize mouse metabolism, blood composition including hormones, energy balance, eating and exercise, organ function and morphology, physiology and histology. Many tests are done in living animals and are designed to elucidate subtle to complex traits that would define models of metabolic disease.

For more information, contact Dr. Maren Laughlin, DEM, Senior Advisor for Integrative Metabolism.

The NDEP is the leading federal government public education program that promotes diabetes prevention and control. The mission of the NDEP is to reduce the morbidity and mortality associated with diabetes and its complications. The NDEP is jointly sponsored by the National Institutes of Health and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and over 200 partner organizations. Target audiences include people with diabetes and those at risk, including the racial and ethnic populations disproportionately affected by the disease, health care providers and payers and purchasers of health care.

For more information, contact Ms. Joanne Gallivan, Director, National Diabetes Education Program (NDEP).

The diabetes clearinghouse provides comprehensive information about diabetes for the public: online, in booklets and fact sheets, by email, and over the phone.

For more information, contact Ms. Kathy Kranzfelder, OCPL, Director, NIDDK Information Clearinghouses.

The National Gene Vector Laboratories (NGVL) are composed of an interactive group of academic production and pharm/tox laboratories whose primary goal is to provide eligible investigators with clinical grade vectors for phase I/II gene therapy clinical trials and to provide support for relevant pharmacology/toxicology studies leading up to clinical gene transfer protocols. If the application is approved, clinical grade material will be produced at no cost to the investigator.

For more information, contact Dr. Catherine McKeon, DEM, Senior Advisor for Genetic Research in Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases.

The Nuclear Receptor Resource (NRR) Project is a collection of individual databases on members of the steroid and thyroid hormone receptor superfamily. Although the databases are located on different servers and are managed individually, they each form a node of the NRR. The NRR itself integrates the separate databases and allows an interactive forum for the dissemination of information about the superfamily.

For more information, contact Dr. Ronald Margolis, DEM, Senior Advisor, Molecular Endocrinology.

Commensurate with this directive, NURSA's goals can be distilled into two broad aims: (i) to execute research strategies designed to rapidly and efficiently elucidate those facets of orphan nuclear receptor biology we deem most critical to its understanding; and (ii) to facilitate the generation of hypotheses, design of experiments and communication of results by scientists active in this field. We anticipate that this initiative will provide a valuable service to the nuclear receptor community by developing a web-accessible bioinformatics resource, in which current and emerging data will be organized into more accessible and "user-mineable" forms.

For more information, contact Dr. Ronald Margolis, DEM, Senior Advisor, Molecular Endocrinology.

The U.S. Organ Procurement and Transplantation Network (OPTN) maintains a registry of human tissues in order to ensure the success and efficiency of the U.S. organ transplant system.

For more information, contact Dr. Thomas Eggerman, DEM, Director, Islet Transplantation Clinical Trials Program.

Diabetes Multicenter Clinical Research

Action for Health in Diabetes (Look AHEAD)

This study is a 16-center, randomized clinical trial investigating the long-term health consequences of weight loss. The Look AHEAD cohort comprises approximately 5,000 overweight or obese participants with type 2 diabetes, aged 45-76. Participants were randomized to one of two interventions: an intensive lifestyle intervention designed to produce and sustain weight loss over the long term or a diabetes support and education arm. Participants will be followed for a total of 11 to 13.5 years from randomization. Additional information can be obtained at: www.lookaheadtrial.org     

For more information, contact Dr. Mary Evans, DDN, Director, Special Projects in Nutrition, Obesity, and Digestive Diseases.

This NHLBI study is testing whether strict glucose control lowers the risk of heart disease and stroke in adults with type 2 diabetes. In addition the study is exploring two additional issues:1) Whether in the context of good glycemic control the use of different lowering lipid drugs will further improve these outcomes and 2) If strict control of blood pressure will also have additional beneficial effects on reducing cardiovascular disease.

For more information, contact Dr. Saul Malozowski, DEM, Senior Advisor for Endocrine Physiology.

The objective of this initiative is to support integrated centers of basic, pre-clinical and clinical research in autoimmunity, emphasizing novel approaches and state-of-the-art technology to increase our understanding of the basic mechanisms of autoimmunity and self tolerance and to translate that information to the clinical setting.

For more information, contact Dr. Beena Akolkar, DEM, Director, Immunopathogenesis and Genetics of Type 1 Diabetes Program.

The NHLBI-led BARI-2D study aims to determine the best therapies for people with type 2 diabetes and moderately severe cardiovascular disease.

For more information, contact Dr. Teresa Jones, DEM, Director, Diabetes Complications Program.

The Clinical Trials in Organ Transplantation (CTOT) project is a cooperative research program sponsored by NIAID, NIDDK & NHLBI. This consortium is conducting clinical and associated mechanistic studies to facilitate improved outcomes for abdominal (kidney & liver) and thoracic (heart & lung) transplant recipients; short and long-term graft and patient survival.

For more information, contact Dr. Catherine Meyers, KUH, Director, Inflammatory Kidney Diseases Program.

The mission of CITR is to expedite progress and promote safety in islet/beta cell transplantation through the collection, analysis, and communication of comprehensive and current data on all islet/beta cell transplants performed in North America and soon some transplants in Europe and Australia. An Annual Report that is available on the public web site. This site serves as a repository for general information concerning protocols, clinical transplantation sites, publications, and other information of interest to the general community.

For more information, contact Dr. Michael Appel, DEM, Director, Islet Biology and Transplantation Research Program.

The mission of these Prevention Centers is to engage in scientific discovery which significantly advances knowledge for the prevention and regulation of autoimmune disease.

For more information, contact Dr. Beena Akolkar, DEM, Director, Immunopathogenesis and Genetics of Type 1 Diabetes Program.

The DCCT is a clinical study conducted from 1983 to 1993 by the National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK). The study showed that keeping blood glucose levels as close to normal as possible slows the onset and progression of eye, kidney, and nerve diseases caused by diabetes. EDIC is a follow-up study of people who participated in DCCT.

For more information, contact Dr. Catherine Cowie, DEM, Director, Diabetes Epidemiology Program.

The DPP showed that lifestyle change or metformin delay the development of type 2 diabetes. The DPPOS is a long-term follow-up study of the DPP participants.

For more information, contact Dr. Sanford Garfield, DEM, Senior Advisor for Biometry and Behavioral Research Program.

The Diabetes Prevention Program Outcomes Study is studying the long term effect of diet and exercise and the diabetes medication, metformin, on the delay of type 2 diabetes in participants of the Diabetes Prevention Program (DPP).

For more information, contact Dr. Sanford Garfield, DEM, Senior Advisor for Biometry and Behavioral Research Program.

The Diabetes Prevention Trial--Type 1 (DPT-1) consisted of two clinical trials that sought to delay or prevent type 1 diabetes, also known as insulin-dependent diabetes. These efforts are being continued by the Type 1 Diabetes TrialNet consortium     . See also DPT-1 Dataset     .

For more information, contact Dr. Catherine Cowie, DEM, Director, Diabetes Epidemiology Program.

The mission of DirecNet is to investigate the potential use of glucose monitoring technology and its impact on the management of type 1 diabetes in children.

For more information, contact Dr. Mary Horlick, DDN, Director, Pediatric Clinical Obesity Program

The Diabetic Retinopathy Clinical Research Network (DRCR.net) is a collaborative network led by the National Eye Institute (NEI) dedicated to facilitating multicenter clinical research of diabetic retinopathy, diabetic macular edema and associated conditions. The DRCR.net supports the identification, design, and implementation of multicenter clinical research initiatives focused on diabetes-induced retinal disorders. Principal emphasis is placed on clinical trials, but epidemiologic outcomes and other research may be supported as well.

or http://www.bsc.gwu.edu/bsc/studies/edic.html    

An observational study examining the risk factors associated with the long-term complications of type 1 diabetes. The study began in 1994 and follows the 1441 participants previously enrolled in the Diabetes Control and Complications Trial (DCCT).

For more information, contact Dr. Catherine Cowie, DEM, Director, Diabetes Epidemiology Program.

The FIND consortium is carrying out studies to elucidate the genetic susceptibility to kidney disease in patients, especially those with diabetes mellitus, as well as genetic susceptibility to retinopathy in diabetic patients. Because families of patients with diabetic nephropathy have an increased prevalence of renal disease and certain populations appear to be more susceptible, delineating the genetic loci associated with the development and progression of diabetic nephropathy could lead to improved outcomes. To accomplish this, the NIDDK established the Family Investigation of Nephropathy of Diabetes (FIND) Consortium in 1999. The overall goal of FIND is to identify genetic pathways that may be critical for the development of nephropathy and lead to candidates amenable to therapeutic strategies to prevent the onset or progression of nephropathy. Such data might aid identification of people at risk for the development of progressive renal disease.

For more information, contact Dr. Rebekah Rasooly, Deputy Director of the Division of Kidney, Urologic, and Hematologic Diseases.

The fundamental aim of GoKinD is to facilitate investigator-driven research into the genetic basis of diabetic nephropathy by collecting, storing, and distributing genetic samples from cases and controls of type 1 diabetes and diabetic nephropathy.

For more information, contact Dr. Rebekah Rasooly, Deputy Director of the Division of Kidney, Urologic, and Hematologic Diseases.

The HEALTHY study, which seeks to prevent risk factors for type 2 diabetes in middle school children, began in September 2006.

For more information, contact Dr. Barbara Linder, DEM, Senior Advisor for Childhood Diabetes Research.

The ITN is an international consortium of scientists and physicians dedicated to the clinical evaluation of novel tolerogenic approaches for the treatment of autoimmune diseases, asthma and allergic diseases, and the prevention of graft rejection.

For more information, contact Dr. Beena Akolkar, DEM, Director, Immunopathogenesis and Genetics of Type 1 Diabetes Program.

A network of centers will conduct studies of islet transplantation in patients with type 1 diabetes to improve the safety and long-term success of methods for transplanting islets.

For more information, contact Dr. Thomas Eggerman, DEM, Director, Islet Transplantation Clinical Trials Program.

The specific aim of this study was to determine whether treatment at the early stages of Diabetes mellitus (DM) can slow or stop diabetic nephropathy (DN) structural changes. Two hundred eight five pts ages 16-59 with 2-20 yrs of Type 1 DM and no renal functional abnormalities were randomized into a parallel, double-blind, placebo-controlled study involving 3 groups (95 pts/group). Each group received an angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor (ACEI) (enalapril), or an angiotensin II receptor blocker (Losartan), or placebo. All pts had their usual DM management. Baseline studies included measures of glomerular filtration rate (GFR), urinary albumin excretion rate (UAE), blood pressure (BP), and a percutaneous renal biopsy. Pts were followed by quarterly measures of BP, HbA1C, UAE, and drug compliance. There were annual measures of GFR and a repeat renal biopsy after 5 yrs in the study. The main endpoint is kidney structural changes over time, especially mesangial fractional volume [v(Mes/glom)]. Secondary endpoints will be other DN structural measures and measures of kidney function (UAE, GFR). These studies will determine whether rennin angiotensin system blockage in the early stages of DN can prevent the early kidney structural changes in this important disorder. Ancillary studies will evaluate the effects of treatment group on the development and progression of diabetic retinopathy and will develop predictors of study participants' compliance. The study has now been completed, and the data are being analyzed.

For more information, contact Dr. Marva Moxey-Mims, KUH, Director, Kidney Centers Program; Pediatric Nephrology Program; Applied Kidney SBIR/STTR Program.

SEARCH is a multi-center study that identifies cases of diabetes in children/youth < 20 years of age in six geographically dispersed populations that encompass the ethnic diversity of the United States.

For more information, contact Dr. Barbara Linder, DEM, Senior Advisor for Childhood Diabetes Research.

The TINSAL-T2D study is a multi-center, randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled, parallel-group clinical trial. The primary objective of the study is to determine whether salicylates represent a new pharmacological option for glycemic control in patients with type 2 diabetes. The primary outcome for the study is change in HbA1c level from baseline to week 26 in the intent-to-treat (ITT) population with last observation carried forward. The study is conducted in two stages. The first stage is to select a dose of salsalate that is both well-tolerated and demonstrates a trend toward improvement in glycemic control. The second stage is to evaluate (1) the effects of salsalate on glycemic control (HbA1c), (2) the tolerability of salsalate use, and (3) the effects of salsalate on measures of inflammation, the metabolic syndrome, and cardiac risk. The implementation of the second stage is predicated on the successful selection of a dose in the first stage.

For more information, contact Dr. Myrlene Staten, DEM, Senior Advisor, Diabetes Research Translation Program.

This consortium is organizing international efforts to identify infectious agents, dietary factors, or other environmental factors that trigger type 1 diabetes in genetically susceptible people.

For more information, contact Dr. Beena Akolkar, DEM, Director, Immunopathogenesis and Genetics of Type 1 Diabetes Program.

The TODAY (Treatment Options for type 2 Diabetes in Adolescents and Youth) study seeks to identify the best treatment of type 2 diabetes in children and teens.

For more information, contact Dr. Barbara Linder, DEM, Senior Advisor for Childhood Diabetes Research.

The primary objective of this multi-center, international study is to determine whether weaning to a casein hydrolysate formula during the first 6-8 months of life in place of cow's milk based formula reduces the incidence of autoimmunity and type 1 diabetes in genetically susceptible newborn infants.

For more information, contact Dr. Beena Akolkar, DEM, Director, Immunopathogenesis and Genetics of Type 1 Diabetes Program.

This clinical network seeks to prevent type 1 diabetes in high-risk people and to preserve insulin production in those newly diagnosed.

For more information, contact Dr. Ellen Leschek, Type 1 Diabetes Trialnet Program Director.

Diabetes Basic Research Networks

The AMDCC is an interdisciplinary consortium designed to develop animal models that closely mimic the human complications of diabetes for the purpose of studying disease pathogenesis, prevention and treatment. The consortium consists of thirteen “pathobiology sites” that study complications such as diabetic nephropathy, uropathy, neuropathy, cardiomyopathy and vascular disease. Additional goals of the AMDCC are to define standards to validate each diabetic complication for its similarity to the human disease, test the role of candidate genes that emerge from human genetic studies, and facilitate the exchange of animals, reagents, and expertise between members of the consortium and the greater scientific community. To ensure that all mice generated under the auspices of the AMDCC are phenotyped for a full duration of diabetes and across all relevant complications, the consortium has formed a close partnership with the NIDDK-funded Mouse Metabolic Phenotyping Centers (MMPCs). The MMPCs (www.mmpc.org) conduct detailed metabolic phenotyping of genetically altered mice and other mouse models that are useful for understanding diabetes and its complications, obesity, and related metabolic diseases or conditions.

For more information, contact Dr. Chris Ketchum, KUH, Director, Basic Renal Biology Program.

The mission of the BCBC is to facilitate interdisciplinary approaches that will advance our understanding of pancreatic islet cell development, regenerative capacity and function. The long-term goal is to develop a cell-based therapy, or treatments leading to controlled beta-cell renewal, in order to restore normal insulin production to diabetic patients.

For more information, contact Dr. Olivier Blondel, DEM, Director, Endocrine Systems Biology Program or Dr. Sheryl Sato , DEM, Director, Neurobiology of Obesity and Developmental Biology Programs.

On July 1, 2003, The National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK) of the National Institutes of Health (NIH) established Central NIDDK Repositories for biosamples and data collected in clinical studies. The purpose of the Central Repositories is to expand the usefulness of these studies by providing access to the biosamples and data to a wider research community beyond the end of the study.

For more information, contact Dr. Rebekah Rasooly, Deputy Director of the Division of Kidney, Urologic, and Hematologic Diseases.

The mission of these Prevention Centers is to engage in scientific discovery which significantly advances knowledge for the prevention and regulation of autoimmune disease.

For more information, contact Dr. Beena Akolkar, DEM, Director, Immunopathogenesis and Genetics of Type 1 Diabetes Program.

The Diabetes Genome Anatomy Project (DGAP) represents a unique, multidimensional initiative whose goal is to unravel the interface between insulin action, insulin resistance and the genetics of type 2 diabetes. The overall goal of the project is to identify the sets of the genes involved in insulin action and the predisposition to type 2 diabetes, as well as the secondary changes in gene expression that occur in response to the metabolic abnormalities present in diabetes.

For more information, contact Dr. Olivier Blondel, DEM, Director, Endocrine Systems Biology Program.

The fundamental aim of GoKinD is to facilitate investigator-driven research into the genetic basis of diabetic nephropathy by collecting, storing, and distributing genetic samples from cases and controls of type 1 diabetes and diabetic nephropathy.

For more information, contact Dr. Rebekah Rasooly, Deputy Director of the Division of Kidney, Urologic, and Hematologic Diseases.

The ITN is an international consortium of scientists and physicians dedicated to the clinical evaluation of novel tolerogenic approaches for the treatment of autoimmune diseases, asthma and allergic diseases, and the prevention of graft rejection.

For more information, contact Dr. Beena Akolkar, DEM, Director, Immunopathogenesis and Genetics of Type 1 Diabetes Program.

The three major goals of the ICRs are: 1) to provide pancreatic islets of cGMP-quality to eligible investigators for use in FDA approved, IRB-approved transplantation protocols; 2) to optimize the harvest, purification, function, storage, and shipment of islets while developing tests that characterize the quality and predict the effectiveness of islets transplanted into patients with diabetes mellitus; and 3) to provide pancreatic islets for basic science studies.

For more information, contact Dr. Michael Appel, DEM, Director, Islet Biology and Transplantation Research Program.

The Centers are housed at outstanding academic institutions, staffed by experts in state-of-the-art technology. Researchers can ship mice to one of the four Centers and obtain on a fee-for-service basis a range of complex exams used to characterize mouse metabolism, blood composition including hormones, energy balance, eating and exercise, organ function and morphology, physiology and histology. Many tests are done in living animals and are designed to elucidate subtle to complex traits that would define models of metabolic disease.

For more information, contact Dr. Maren Laughlin, DEM, Senior Advisor for Integrative Metabolism.

NMRI is a communication network of current and potential biomedical research investigators and technical personnel from traditionally under-served communities: African American, Hispanic American, American Indian, Alaskan Native, Native Hawaiian, and other Pacific Islanders. The major objective of the network is to encourage and facilitate participation of members of underrepresented racial and ethnic minority groups in the conduct of biomedical research in the fields of diabetes, endocrinology, metabolism, digestive diseases, nutrition, kidney, urologic and hematologic diseases. A second objective is to encourage and enhance the potential of the underrepresented minority investigators in choosing a biomedical research career in these fields. An important component of this network is promotion of two-way communications between network members and the NIDDK.

For more information, contact Ms. Winnie Martinez, Program Analyst, Office of Minority Health Research Coordination.

The NHPCSG, a multi-institution consortium, was established to evaluate the safety and efficacy of novel donor-specific, tolerance induction therapies in non-human primate (NHP) models of kidney and islet transplantation. The program also supports research into the immunological mechanisms of tolerance induction and development of surrogate markers for the induction, maintenance, and loss of tolerance.

For more information, contact Dr. Michael Appel, DEM, Director, Islet Biology and Transplantation Research Program.

Commensurate with this directive, NURSA's goals can be distilled into two broad aims: (i) to execute research strategies designed to rapidly and efficiently elucidate those facets of orphan nuclear receptor biology we deem most critical to its understanding; and (ii) to facilitate the generation of hypotheses, design of experiments and communication of results by scientists active in this field. We anticipate that this initiative will provide a valuable service to the nuclear receptor community by developing a web-accessible bioinformatics resource, in which current and emerging data will be organized into more accessible and "user-mineable" forms.

For more information, contact Dr. Ronald Margolis, DEM, Senior Advisor, Molecular Endocrinology.

This trans-NIH program is encouraging and facilitating the study of the underlying mechanisms controlling blood vessel growth and development.

For more information, contact Dr. Teresa Jones, DEM, Director, Diabetes Complications Program.

T1DGC was established with the primary goal of organizing international efforts to identify genes that determine an individual's risk of type 1 diabetes.

For more information, contact Dr. Beena Akolkar, DEM, Director, Immunopathogenesis and Genetics of Type 1 Diabetes Program.

Diabetes Reagents

The mission of the BCBC is to facilitate interdisciplinary approaches that will advance our understanding of pancreatic islet cell development, regenerative capacity and function. The long-term goal is to develop a cell-based therapy, or treatments leading to controlled beta-cell renewal, in order to restore normal insulin production to diabetic patients.

For more information, contact Dr. Olivier Blondel, DEM, Director, Endocrine Systems Biology Program or Dr. Sheryl Sato , DEM, Director, Neurobiology of Obesity and Developmental Biology Programs.

On July 1, 2003, The National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK) of the National Institutes of Health (NIH) established Central NIDDK Repositories for biosamples and data collected in clinical studies. The purpose of the Central Repositories is to expand the usefulness of these studies by providing access to the biosamples and data to a wider research community beyond the end of the study.

For more information, contact Dr. Rebekah Rasooly, Deputy Director of the Division of Kidney, Urologic, and Hematologic Diseases.

The National Gene Vector Laboratories (NGVL) are composed of an interactive group of academic production and pharm/tox laboratories whose primary goal is to provide eligible investigators with clinical grade vectors for phase I/II gene therapy clinical trials and to provide support for relevant pharmacology/toxicology studies leading up to clinical gene transfer protocols. If the application is approved, clinical grade material will be produced at no cost to the investigator.

For more information, contact Dr. Catherine McKeon, DEM, Senior Advisor for Genetic Research in Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases.

Diabetes Services

The mission of the BCBC is to facilitate interdisciplinary approaches that will advance our understanding of pancreatic islet cell development, regenerative capacity and function. The long-term goal is to develop a cell-based therapy, or treatments leading to controlled beta-cell renewal, in order to restore normal insulin production to diabetic patients.

For more information, contact Dr. Olivier Blondel, DEM, Director, Endocrine Systems Biology Program or Dr. Sheryl Sato , DEM, Director, Neurobiology of Obesity and Developmental Biology Programs.

A centralized facility established to provide genotyping and statistical genetics services for investigators seeking to identify genes that contribute to human disease. CIDR concentrates primarily on multifactorial hereditary disease although linage analysis of single gene disorders can also be accommodated.

For more information, contact Dr. Catherine McKeon, DEM, Senior Advisor for Genetic Research in Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases.

On July 1, 2003, The National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK) of the National Institutes of Health (NIH) established Central NIDDK Repositories for biosamples and data collected in clinical studies. The purpose of the Central Repositories is to expand the usefulness of these studies by providing access to the biosamples and data to a wider research community beyond the end of the study.

For more information, contact Dr. Rebekah Rasooly, Deputy Director of the Division of Kidney, Urologic, and Hematologic Diseases.

The three major goals of the ICRs are: 1) to provide pancreatic islets of cGMP-quality to eligible investigators for use in FDA approved, IRB-approved transplantation protocols; 2) to optimize the harvest, purification, function, storage, and shipment of islets while developing tests that characterize the quality and predict the effectiveness of islets transplanted into patients with diabetes mellitus; and 3) to provide pancreatic islets for basic science studies.

For more information, contact Dr. Michael Appel, DEM, Director, Islet Biology and Transplantation Research Program.

The Centers are housed at outstanding academic institutions, staffed by experts in state-of-the-art technology. Researchers can ship mice to one of the four Centers and obtain on a fee-for-service basis a range of complex exams used to characterize mouse metabolism, blood composition including hormones, energy balance, eating and exercise, organ function and morphology, physiology and histology. Many tests are done in living animals and are designed to elucidate subtle to complex traits that would define models of metabolic disease.

For more information, contact Dr. Maren Laughlin, DEM, Senior Advisor for Integrative Metabolism.

NIH RAID provides a variety of contract services researchers need to bring promising potential therapeutics to trial.

This project is a collaboration of four centers, working on a genome-wide basis, to generate a finished sequence of the non-obese diabetic (NOD) mouse genome, dovetailing with a number of targeted sequencing programs.

For more information, contact Dr. Beena Akolkar, DEM, Director, Immunopathogenesis and Genetics of Type 1 Diabetes Program.

The Type 1 Diabetes Rapid Access to Intervention Development (T1D-RAID) program provides resources for pre-clinical development of drugs, natural products, and biologics that will be tested as new therapeutics in type 1 diabetes clinical trials. In some cases, additional preclinical testing is needed to validate potential therapies under disease-specific conditions and in multiple animal models before therapeutics can enter the T1D-RAID development pipeline. In recognition of this need, NIDDK recently established the Type 1 Diabetes Preclinical Testing Program (T1D-PTP) to provide investigators with access to the established facilities and expertise needed to extend, enhance and validate preclinical studies of promising new therapeutics.

For more information, contact Dr. Guillermo Arreaza-Rubin, DEM, Director, Clinical Immunology, Type 1 Diabetes Program or Dr. Lisa Spain, DEM, Director, Immunobiology of Type 1 Diabetes Program and Autoimmune Endocrine Diseases Program.

The T1D-RAID program provides resources for pre-clinical development of drugs, natural products, and biologics that will be tested as new therapeutics in type 1 diabetes clinical trials.

For more information, contact Dr. Myrlene Staten, DEM, Senior Advisor, Diabetes Research Translation Program.

Diabetes Standardization Programs

Clinical trials of agents to preserve beta cell function in new onset type 1 diabetes will use C-peptide as an outcome measure that indicates insulin production. The C-peptide standardization program is supported to establish reliability in results and facilitate the conduct of international clinical trials.

For more information, contact Dr. Lisa Spain, DEM, Director, Immunobiology of Type 1 Diabetes Program and Autoimmune Endocrine Diseases Program.

The fundamental aim of DASP is to improve the measurements of the autoantibodies predictive of type 1 diabetes.

For more information, contact Dr. Beena Akolkar, DEM, Director, Immunopathogenesis and Genetics of Type 1 Diabetes Program.

The goal of this project is to improve HbA1c measurements and data interpretation across clinical systems and national harmonization projects.

Diabetes Tissues, Cells, Animals

The AMDCC is an interdisciplinary consortium designed to develop animal models that closely mimic the human complications of diabetes for the purpose of studying disease pathogenesis, prevention and treatment. The consortium consists of thirteen “pathobiology sites” that study complications such as diabetic nephropathy, uropathy, neuropathy, cardiomyopathy and vascular disease. Additional goals of the AMDCC are to define standards to validate each diabetic complication for its similarity to the human disease, test the role of candidate genes that emerge from human genetic studies, and facilitate the exchange of animals, reagents, and expertise between members of the consortium and the greater scientific community. To ensure that all mice generated under the auspices of the AMDCC are phenotyped for a full duration of diabetes and across all relevant complications, the consortium has formed a close partnership with the NIDDK-funded Mouse Metabolic Phenotyping Centers (MMPCs). The MMPCs (www.mmpc.org) conduct detailed metabolic phenotyping of genetically altered mice and other mouse models that are useful for understanding diabetes and its complications, obesity, and related metabolic diseases or conditions.

For more information, contact Dr. Chris Ketchum, KUH, Director, Basic Renal Biology Program.

The mission of the BCBC is to facilitate interdisciplinary approaches that will advance our understanding of pancreatic islet cell development, regenerative capacity and function. The long-term goal is to develop a cell-based therapy, or treatments leading to controlled beta-cell renewal, in order to restore normal insulin production to diabetic patients.

For more information, contact Dr. Olivier Blondel, DEM, Director, Endocrine Systems Biology Program or Dr. Sheryl Sato , DEM, Director, Neurobiology of Obesity and Developmental Biology Programs.

On July 1, 2003, The National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK) of the National Institutes of Health (NIH) established Central NIDDK Repositories for biosamples and data collected in clinical studies. The purpose of the Central Repositories is to expand the usefulness of these studies by providing access to the biosamples and data to a wider research community beyond the end of the study.

For more information, contact Dr. Rebekah Rasooly, Deputy Director of the Division of Kidney, Urologic, and Hematologic Diseases.

To encourage the application of proteomic and metabolomic technologies to study type 1 diabetes and its complications, the NIDDK is fostering collaborations between researchers studying type 1 diabetes and investigators with expertise in Proteomics and/or Metabolomics.

For more information, contact Dr. Salvatore Sechi, DEM, Director, Proteomic Program.

The fundamental aim of GoKinD is to facilitate investigator-driven research into the genetic basis of diabetic nephropathy by collecting, storing, and distributing genetic samples from cases and controls of type 1 diabetes and diabetic nephropathy.

For more information, contact Dr. Rebekah Rasooly, Deputy Director of the Division of Kidney, Urologic, and Hematologic Diseases.

The three major goals of the ICRs are: 1) to provide pancreatic islets of cGMP-quality to eligible investigators for use in FDA approved, IRB-approved transplantation protocols; 2) to optimize the harvest, purification, function, storage, and shipment of islets while developing tests that characterize the quality and predict the effectiveness of islets transplanted into patients with diabetes mellitus; and 3) to provide pancreatic islets for basic science studies.

For more information, contact Dr. Michael Appel, DEM, Director, Islet Biology and Transplantation Research Program.

The Centers are housed at outstanding academic institutions, staffed by experts in state-of-the-art technology. Researchers can ship mice to one of the four Centers and obtain on a fee-for-service basis a range of complex exams used to characterize mouse metabolism, blood composition including hormones, energy balance, eating and exercise, organ function and morphology, physiology and histology. Many tests are done in living animals and are designed to elucidate subtle to complex traits that would define models of metabolic disease.

For more information, contact Dr. Maren Laughlin, DEM, Senior Advisor for Integrative Metabolism.

The goal of the MMRRC program is to enhance the availability of and help ensure the quality of genetically modified mice for biomedical research of human and animal biology and disease.

For more information, contact Dr. Kristin Abraham, DEM, Director, Cell Signaling and Diabetes Centers Program.

Receives blood samples collected in many different studies, and processes them to create immortalized cell lines, and DNA samples. In addition, the Genetics Repository also cryopreserves blood cells, extracts DNA from blood samples, stores samples of DNA under optimal conditions, and distributes DNA samples to qualified investigators.

For more information, contact Dr. Beena Akolkar, DEM, Director, Immunopathogenesis and Genetics of Type 1 Diabetes Program or Dr. Robert Karp, DDN, Director, Genetics and Genomics Programs in Digestive Diseases and Obesity Programs or Dr. Rebekah Rasooly, Deputy Director of the Division of Kidney, Urologic, and Hematologic Diseases.

The NHPCSG, a multi-institution consortium, was established to evaluate the safety and efficacy of novel donor-specific, tolerance induction therapies in non-human primate (NHP) models of kidney and islet transplantation. The program also supports research into the immunological mechanisms of tolerance induction and development of surrogate markers for the induction, maintenance, and loss of tolerance.

For more information, contact Dr. Michael Appel, DEM, Director, Islet Biology and Transplantation Research Program.

NIDDK has funded a Type 1 Diabetes Resource (T1DR) at The Jackson Laboratory (TJL). The purpose of this resource is to collect and cryopreserve ~150 mouse stocks important to research in type 1 diabetes.

For more information, contact Dr. Kristin Abraham, DEM, Director, Cell Signaling and Diabetes Centers Program.

Diabetes Useful Tools

BMI for adults can be calculated using only height and weight.