| Clinical Features |
Several different syndromes are caused by Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC). Disseminated infections are usually associated with HIV infection. Less commonly, pulmonary disease in nonimmunocompromised persons is a result of infection with MAC. In children, the most common syndrome is cervical lymphadenitis. |
| Etiologic Agent |
Mycobacterium avium complex (comprising M. avium and M.intracellulare). |
| Incidence |
Not reportable. Population-based data available for Houston and Atlanta metropolitan areas suggest a rate of 1/100,000/year. Incidence is decreasing among HIV- infected patients as a result of new treatment modalities e.g., combination therapy with nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors and protease inhibitors, as well as antimycobacterial prophylaxis. |
| Sequelae |
In HIV infected persons, manifestations include night sweats, weight loss, abdominal pain, fatigue, diarrhea, and anemia. |
| Transmission |
Although the mode of transmission is unclear, MAC is most likely environmentally acquired. |
| Risk Groups |
HIV-infected persons. Rarely in children or nonimmuno-compromised persons. |
| Surveillance |
MAC is not nationally reportable. Currently under active surveillance in the Houston and Atlanta metropolitan areas. |
| Trends |
Incidence is decreasing because of changes in treatment for HIV-infected patients; however, antimicrobial resistance may be increasing. |
| Challenges |
Antimicrobial resistance and better treatment for affected persons. Unclear knowledge of acquisition of MAC from the environment. |
| Opportunities |
Reduction in MAC infection as a significant cause of morbidity and mortality in HIV-infected patients as a result of changes in available therapies. |
