NIDA Notes Articles: April 2012

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Antiretroviral Treatment Reduces Spread of HIV Among Injection Drug Users

April 2012
Expanded use of antiretroviral therapy in British Columbia reduced the spread of HIV among injection drug users and others in the province.

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Vouchers Improve Mothers’ Smoking Abstinence and Newborns’ Weights

April 2012
Pregnant women who received financial incentives to refrain from smoking during late pregnancy were more successful at remaining abstinent and less likely to have babies with low birth weight, according to data from three trials.

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Tobacco Smokers Have High Probability of Transition to Dependence

April 2012
First-time smokers have a much higher chance of eventually becoming dependent than first-time users alcohol, cannabis, and cocaine.

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Research Focuses on Groups With High Smoking Rates

April 2012
Dr. Volkow discusses NIDA’s efforts to develop effective antismoking treatments for populations with persistently high rates of smoking, such as people with psychiatric disorders, high school dropouts, and Native Americans.

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Alleviation of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder May Improve Addiction Treatment

April 2012
Women with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) who abused drugs responded better to substance abuse treatment after their PTSD symptoms improved, according to a recent study, which also found that reductions in substance abuse did not ease PTSD severity

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Desire to Smoke Subsides, But Cigarette Cues Retain Power

April 2012
During early abstinence, smokers’ cravings triggered by cigarette cues intensified over time, providing evidence that people can experience a phenomenon previously observed in experiments with animals

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High Rates of Job Leaving Among Addiction Counselors

April 2012
Substance abuse counselors and clinical supervisors disclosed high job turnover rates in a survey of 27 treatment organizations.

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Women and Sex/Gender Differences Research Program

April 2012
NIDA’s Women and Sex/Gender Differences Research Program focuses on gender-specific addiction risk factors and treatment needs.

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Cognitive Strategy Reduces Craving by Altering Brain Activity

April 2012
While viewing images of cigarettes, smokers reported milder cravings when they shifted their focus from the pleasures of smoking to its harmful effects. Brain imaging showed a correlation between the reductions in craving and altered activity levels in regions associated with emotional regulation and reward.

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Well-Known Mechanism Underlies Benzodiazepines' Addictive Properties

April 2012
New research establishes that benzodiazepines cause addiction in a way similar to that of opioids, cannabinoids, and the club drug GHB. The discovery opens the door to designing new benzodiazepines that counteract anxiety but are not addictive.

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