Close ties to France since independence in 1960, the development of cocoa production for export, and foreign investment made Cote d'Ivoire one of the most prosperous of the West African states but did not protect it from political turmoil. In December 1999, a military coup - the first ever in Cote d'Ivoire's history - overthrew the government. Junta leader Robert GUEI blatantly rigged elections held in late 2000 and declared himself the winner. Popular protest forced him to step aside and brought Laurent GBAGBO into power. Ivorian dissidents and disaffected members of the military launched a failed coup attempt in September 2002. Rebel forces claimed the northern half of the country, and in January 2003 were granted ministerial positions in a unity government under the auspices of the Linas-Marcoussis Peace Accord. President GBAGBO and rebel forces resumed implementation of the peace accord in December 2003 after a three-month stalemate, but issues that sparked the civil war, such as land reform and grounds for citizenship, remained unresolved. In March 2007 President GBAGBO and former New Forces rebel leader Guillaume SORO signed the Ouagadougou Political Agreement. As a result of the agreement, SORO joined GBAGBO's government as Prime Minister and the two agreed to reunite the country by dismantling the zone of confidence separating North from South, integrate rebel forces into the national armed forces, and hold elections. Disarmament, demobilization, and reintegration of rebel forces have been problematic as rebels seek to enter the armed forces. Citizen identification and voter registration pose election difficulties, and balloting planned for November 2009 was postponed to 2010. On 28 November 2010, Alassane Dramane OUATTARA won the presidential election, defeating then President Laurent GBAGBO. GBAGBO refused to hand over power, resulting in a five-month stand-off. In April 2011, after widespread fighting, GBAGBO was formally forced from office by armed OUATTARA supporters with the help of UN and French forces. Several thousand UN peacekeepers and several hundred French troops remain in Cote d'Ivoire to support the transition process.

Western Africa, bordering the North Atlantic Ocean, between Ghana and Liberia

8 00 N, 5 00 W

Africa

slightly larger than New Mexico

515 km

tropical along coast, semiarid in far north; three seasons - warm and dry (November to March), hot and dry (March to May), hot and wet (June to October)

mostly flat to undulating plains; mountains in northwest

petroleum, natural gas, diamonds, manganese, iron ore, cobalt, bauxite, copper, gold, nickel, tantalum, silica sand, clay, cocoa beans, coffee, palm oil, hydropower

730 sq km (2003)

81 cu km (2001)

coast has heavy surf and no natural harbors; during the rainy season torrential flooding is possible

deforestation (most of the country's forests - once the largest in West Africa - have been heavily logged); water pollution from sewage and industrial and agricultural effluents

most of the inhabitants live along the sandy coastal region; apart from the capital area, the forested interior is sparsely populated

Akan 42.1%, Voltaiques or Gur 17.6%, Northern Mandes 16.5%, Krous 11%, Southern Mandes 10%, other 2.8% (includes 130,000 Lebanese and 14,000 French) (1998)

French (official), 60 native dialects of which Dioula is the most widely spoken

Muslim 38.6%, Christian 32.8%, indigenous 11.9%, none 16.7% (2008 est.)

21,952,093 (July 2012 est.)

2.044% (2012 est.)

30.4 births/1,000 population (2012 est.)

9.96 deaths/1,000 population (July 2012 est.)

0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2012 est.)

ABIDJAN (seat of government) 4.009 million; YAMOUSSOUKRO (capital) 808,000 (2009)

400 deaths/100,000 live births (2010)

3.82 children born/woman (2012 est.)

5.1% of GDP (2009)

0.144 physicians/1,000 population (2008)

0.4 beds/1,000 population (2006)

3.4% (2009 est.)

450,000 (2009 est.)

36,000 (2009 est.)

16.7% (2006)

4.6% of GDP (2008)

republic; multiparty presidential regime established 1960

19 regions; Agneby, Bafing, Bas-Sassandra, Denguele, Dix-Huit Montagnes, Fromager, Haut-Sassandra, Lacs, Lagunes, Marahoue, Moyen-Cavally, Moyen-Comoe, N'zi-Comoe, Savanes, Sud-Bandama, Sud-Comoe, Vallee du Bandama, Worodougou, Zanzan

7 August 1960 (from France)

approved by referendum 23 July 2000

civil law system based on the French civil code; judicial review in the Constitutional Chamber of the Supreme Court

accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction with reservations; accepts ICCt jurisdiction under Article 12(3)of the Rome Statute

18 years of age; universal

unicameral National Assembly or Assemblee Nationale (225 seats; members elected in single- and multi-district elections by direct popular vote to serve five-year terms)

Supreme Court or Cour Supreme consists of four chambers: Judicial Chamber for criminal cases, Audit Chamber for financial cases, Constitutional Chamber for judicial review cases, and Administrative Chamber for civil cases; there is no legal limit to the number of members

Citizen's Democratic Union or UDCY [Theodore MEL EG]; Democratic Liberty for the Republic or LIDER [Mamadou KOULIBALY]; Democratic Party of Cote d'Ivoire or PDCI [Henri Konan BEDIE]; Freedom and Democracy for the Republic or LIBRE [Mamadou KOULIBALY]; Ivorian Popular Front or FPI [Miaka OURETO]; Ivorian Worker's Party or PIT [Francois KOUABLAN]; Opposition Movement of the Future or MFA [Innocent Augustin ANAKY]; Rally of the Republicans or RDR [Alassane OUATTARA]; Union for Democracy and Peace in Cote d'Ivoire or UDPCI [Toikeuse MABRI]; over 144 smaller registered parties

Federation of University and High School Students of Cote d'Ivoire or FESCI [Serges KOFFI]; National Congress for the Resistance and Democracy or CNRD [Bernard DADIE]; Rally of Houphouetists for Democracy and Peace or RHDP [Alphonse DJEDJE MADY]; Young Patriots [Charles BLE GOUDE]

ACP, AfDB, AU, ECOWAS, Entente, FAO, FZ, G-24, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICRM, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO, ITSO, ITU, ITUC, MIGA, NAM, OIC, OIF, OPCW, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, Union Latina, UNWTO, UPU, WADB (regional), WAEMU, WCO, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO

three equal vertical bands of orange (hoist side), white, and green; orange symbolizes the land (savannah) of the north and fertility, white stands for peace and unity, green represents the forests of the south and the hope for a bright future

elephant

Cote d'Ivoire is heavily dependent on agriculture and related activities, which engage roughly 68% of the population. Cote d'Ivoire is the world's largest producer and exporter of cocoa beans and a significant producer and exporter of coffee and palm oil. Consequently, the economy is highly sensitive to fluctuations in international prices for these products, and, to a lesser extent, in climatic conditions. Cocoa, oil, and coffee are the country's top export revenue earners, but the country is also producing gold. Since the end of the civil war in 2003, political turmoil has continued to damage the economy, resulting in the loss of foreign investment and slow economic growth. GDP grew by more than 2% in 2008 and around 4% per year in 2009-10. Per capita income has declined by 15% since 1999 but registered a slight improvement in 2009-10. Power cuts caused by a turbine failure in early 2010 slowed economic activity. Cote d'Ivoire in 2010 signed agreements to restructure its Paris Club bilateral, other bilateral, and London Club debt. Cote d'Ivoire's long term challenges include political instability and degrading infrastructure. In late 2011, Cote D'Ivoire's economy was recovering from a severe downturn of the first quarter of the year that was caused by widespread post-election fighting.

$36.53 billion (2011 est.)

$38.34 billion (2010 est.)

$37.45 billion (2009 est.)

$24.1 billion (2011 est.)

-4.7% (2011 est.)

2.4% (2010 est.)

3.8% (2009 est.)

$1,600 (2011 est.)

$1,700 (2010 est.)

$1,800 (2009 est.)

8.764 million (2011 est.)

NA%

42% (2006 est.)

41.5 (2008)

36.7 (1995)

11% of GDP (2011 est.)

18.1% of GDP (2011 est.)

-7.8% of GDP (2011 est.)

65.3% of GDP (2011 est.)

63.1% of GDP (2010 est.)

5.1% (2011 est.)

1.1% (2010 est.)

4.25% (31 December 2010 est.)

4.25% (31 December 2009 est.)

4.8% (31 December 2011 est.)

4.3% (31 December 2010 est.)

$6.198 billion (31 December 2011 est.)

$5.575 billion (31 December 2010 est.)

$9.065 billion (31 December 2011 est.)

$8.458 billion (31 December 2010 est.)

$6.544 billion (31 December 2011 est.)

$5.778 billion (31 December 2010 est.)

$6.288 billion (31 December 2011)

$7.099 billion (31 December 2010)

$6.141 billion (31 December 2009)

coffee, cocoa beans, bananas, palm kernels, corn, rice, cassava (manioc), sweet potatoes, sugar, cotton, rubber; timber

foodstuffs, beverages; wood products, oil refining, gold mining, truck and bus assembly, textiles, fertilizer, building materials, electricity

4.5% (2010 est.)

-$263.4 million (2011 est.)

$554.9 million (2010 est.)

$11.41 billion (2011 est.)

$10.47 billion (2010 est.)

cocoa, coffee, timber, petroleum, cotton, bananas, pineapples, palm oil, fish

Netherlands 11.6%, US 11.5%, Germany 7.3%, Nigeria 6%, Canada 6%, France 5.9%, South Africa 5.4% (2011)

$7.92 billion (2011 est.)

$7.014 billion (2010 est.)

fuel, capital equipment, foodstuffs

Nigeria 35.6%, France 9.9%, China 5.6%, Colombia 5.4% (2011)

$4.3 billion (31 December 2011 est.)

$3.624 billion (31 December 2010 est.)

$11.44 billion (31 December 2011 est.)

$11.43 billion (31 December 2010 est.)

$NA

$NA

Communaute Financiere Africaine francs (XOF) per US dollar -

471.87 (2011 est.)

495.28 (2010 est.)

472.19 (2009)

447.81 (2008)

481.83 (2007)

calendar year

5.533 billion kWh (2009 est.)

3.576 billion kWh (2009 est.)

484 million kWh (2009 est.)

0 kWh (2009 est.)

1.222 million kW (2009 est.)

50.6% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)

0% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)

49.4% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)

0% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)

39,590 bbl/day (2011 est.)

46,340 bbl/day (2009 est.)

70,610 bbl/day (2009 est.)

100 million bbl (1 January 2012 est.)

70,870 bbl/day (2008 est.)

24,630 bbl/day (2011 est.)

49,810 bbl/day (2008 est.)

3,101 bbl/day (2008 est.)

1.6 billion cu m (2010 est.)

1.6 billion cu m (2010 est.)

0 cu m (2010 est.)

0 cu m (2010 est.)

28.32 billion cu m (1 January 2012 est.)

5.936 million Mt (2010 est.)

268,200 (2011)

17.416 million (2011)

2 state-owned TV stations; no private terrestrial TV stations, but satellite TV subscription service is available; 2 state-owned radio stations; some private radio stations; transmissions of several international broadcasters are available (2007)

.ci

8,598 (2010)

967,300 (2009)

27 (2012)

1 (2012)

condensate 86 km; gas 180 km; oil 92 km (2010)

980 km (navigable rivers, canals, and numerous coastal lagoons) (2011)

Abidjan, Espoir, San-Pedro

Republican Forces of Cote d'Ivoire (Force Republiques de Cote d'Ivoire, FRCI): Army, Navy, Cote d'Ivoire Air Force (Force Aerienne de la Cote d'Ivoire)

18-25 years of age for compulsory and voluntary male and female military service; voluntary recruitment of former rebels into the new national army is restricted to ages 22-29 (2011)

1.5% of GDP (2009)

despite the presence of over 9,000 UN forces (UNOCI) in Cote d'Ivoire since 2004, ethnic conflict still leaves displaced hundreds of thousands of Ivoirians in and out of the country as well as driven out migrants from neighboring states who worked in Ivorian cocoa plantations; the March 2007 peace deal between Ivorian rebels and the government brought significant numbers of rebels out of hiding in neighboring states

illicit producer of cannabis, mostly for local consumption; utility as a narcotic transshipment point to Europe reduced by ongoing political instability; while rampant corruption and inadequate supervision leave the banking system vulnerable to money laundering, the lack of a developed financial system limits the country's utility as a major money-laundering center (2008)