Benchmark Article (PDF version)
BLS Establishment Estimates Revised to Incorporate March 2011 Benchmarks
- Introduction
- Summary of the benchmark revisions
- Revisions in the post-benchmark period
- Changes to the CES published series
- Why benchmarks differ from estimates
- Benchmark revisions effects for other data types
- Methods
- Conversion to the 2012 North American Industry Classification System
- Changes to noncovered employment
- Technical changes to historical data
- Availability of revised data
- Small domain model
- Seasonal adjustment procedure
- Special model adjustments
- Seasonal adjustment of all employee hours and earnings series
Introduction
Nathan Clausen
Nathan Clausen is an economist in the Division of Current Employment Statistics, Office of Employment and Unemployment Statistics, Bureau of Labor Statistics. Telephone: (202) 691-6555; e-mail: CESInfo@bls.gov
With the release of data for January 2012, the Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) introduced its annual revision of national estimates of employment, hours, and earnings from the Current Employment Statistics (CES) monthly survey of nonfarm establishments. Each year, the CES survey realigns its sample-based estimates to incorporate universe counts of employment − a process known as benchmarking. Comprehensive counts of employment, or benchmarks, are derived primarily from unemployment insurance (UI) tax reports that nearly all employers are required to file with State Workforce Agencies.
Summary of the benchmark revisions
The March 2011 benchmark level for Total nonfarm employment is 130,061,000; this figure is 162,000 above the sample-based estimate for March 2011, an adjustment of 0.1 percent. Table 1 shows the total nonfarm percentage benchmark revisions for the past ten years.
Table 2 shows the nonfarm employment benchmarks for March 2011, not seasonally adjusted, by industry. The majority of super sectors had upward revisions, with the exception of Mining and logging, Construction, Information, Education and health services, and Other services. The largest upward revision occurred in Professional and business services, 125,000, or 0.7 percent. Within this sector, the revision was concentrated in Temporary help services, which revised by 47,400 or 2.1 percent. Trade, transportation, and utilities had an upward revision of 95,000 or 0.4 percent, driven mostly by Retail trade, which revised upward 83,800 or 0.6 percent. Within Retail trade, there were a series of large offsetting revisions; Warehouse clubs and supercenters revised up 45,200 or 3.9 percent and Discount department stores revised up 39,300 or 4.1 percent, while Family clothing stores revised down -64,200 or -15.3 percent. Leisure and hospitality revised upward by 93,000 or 0.7 percent, with the largest upward revision of 76,000 or 0.8 percent in Food services and drinking places. Financial activities revised upward by 69,000 or 0.9 percent. Government and manufacturing each had upward revisions of 0.1 percent or 28,000 and 9,000 respectively.
Five sectors saw negative revisions. The largest downward revision occurred in Other services,-108,000, or -2.0 percent. Within Other services, large percentage downward revisions were seen in Miscellaneous professional and similar organizations, down 42,200 or 28.8 percent, and Grantmaking foundations, down 35,100 or 38.3 percent revision. Education and health services also had a -108,000 or -0.5 percent downward revision, concentrated mostly in Vocational rehabilitation services which had a -81,700 or -24.1 percent revision. Construction revised down 26,000 or 0.5 percent. Smaller revisions were in Information, revising down 12,000 or 0.4 percent, and Mining and logging, revising down 3,000 or 0.4 percent.
Revisions in the post-benchmark period
Post-benchmark period estimates from April 2011 to December 2011 were calculated for each month based on new benchmark levels. Also, beginning in April, model-based estimates for the net birth/death employment were revised to incorporate information from the most recent year of universe employment counts. Table A shows the net birth/death model figures for the supersectors over the post-benchmark period. From April 2011 to December 2011, the cumulative net birth/death model added 677,000, compared with 600,000 in the previously published April to December estimates.
Month | Mining & Logging | Construction | Manufacturing | Trade, Transportation, & Utilities | Information | Financial Activities | Professional & Business Services | Education & Health Services | Leisure & Hospitality | Other Services | Monthly Amount Contributed | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
2011 |
April |
1 | 24 | -6 | 5 | 2 | -7 | 58 | 16 | 72 | 7 | 172 |
May |
2 | 37 | 7 | 25 | 4 | 8 | 26 | 18 | 76 | 8 | 211 | |
June |
2 | 22 | 4 | 12 | 1 | 5 | 20 | -7 | 77 | 5 | 141 | |
July |
2 | -6 | -8 | -12 | -2 | -6 | 2 | 4 | 38 | -7 | 5 | |
August |
2 | 7 | 4 | 13 | 4 | 2 | 20 | 15 | 19 | 3 | 89 | |
September |
1 | 3 | 0 | 8 | 1 | -3 | -8 | 12 | -38 | -2 | -26 | |
October |
2 | 2 | -2 | 27 | 3 | 14 | 52 | 49 | -35 | 4 | 116 | |
November |
0 | -16 | 0 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 0 | 4 | -21 | -1 | -30 | |
December |
0 | -22 | 0 | 4 | 2 | 9 | -1 | 0 | 6 | 1 | -1 | |
Cumulative Total |
12 | 51 | -1 | 83 | 17 | 23 | 169 | 111 | 194 | 18 | 677 |
Table 3 presents revised total nonfarm employment data on a seasonally adjusted basis for January through December 2011. The revised data for April 2011 forward incorporate the effect of applying the rate of change measured by the sample to the new benchmark level, as well as updated net birth/death model adjustments and new seasonal adjustment factors. Revisions to November and December also reflect incorporation of the annual CES sample update.
Changes to the CES published series
All CES series are evaluated annually for sample size, coverage, and response rates. The following series changes result from a re-evaluation of the sample and universe coverage for NAICS industries. Some small industries no longer have sufficient sample to be estimated and published separately and have been combined with other similar industries for estimation and publication purposes, as shown below. Most of the collapsed and deleted series are in the Manufacturing sector where employment has been declining over a number of years. Historical data for the series with changed scope were reconstructed to provide consistent time series.
All Employee (AE) series are published at a more detailed level than All Employee Hours and Earnings, Production Employee, Women Employee, or Production Employee Hours and Earnings series, collectively called Non-AE series. The Non-AE series will be sometimes unaffected or affected at a less-detailed level than the AE series. Consequently, tables are provided below for both the AE and Non-AE series.
NAICS 2007 | CES NAICS 2007 Tabcode | CES NAICS 2007 Industry | Next Highest Published Level |
---|---|---|---|
333611 |
31-333611 | Turbine and turbine generator set units | Turbine and power transmission equipment (31-333600) |
333618 |
31-333618 | Power transmission and miscellaneous engine equipment | Turbine and power transmission equipment (31-333600) |
311422 |
32-311422 | Fruit, vegetable, and specialty canning | Fruit and vegetable canning and drying (32-311420) |
311423 |
32-311423 | Dried and dehydrated food | Fruit and vegetable canning and drying (32-311420) |
3162 |
32-316200 | Footwear | Leather and allied products (32-316000) |
325613 |
32-325613 | Polishes and other sanitation goods and other surface active agents | Soaps and cleaning compounds (32-325610) |
NAICS 2007 | CES NAICS 2007 Tabcode | CES NAICS 2007 Industry | Collapsed into CES NAICS 2012 Industry |
---|---|---|---|
322212 |
32-322212 | Folding paperboard boxes | Folding boxes and miscellaneous paperboard containers (32-322219) |
322215 |
32-322215 | Miscellaneous paperboard containers | Folding boxes and miscellaneous paperboard containers (32-322219) |
NAICS 2007 | CES NAICS 2007 Tabcode | CES NAICS 2007 Industry | Next Highest Published Level |
---|---|---|---|
3311 |
31-331100 | Iron and steel mills and ferroalloy production | Primary metals (31-331000) |
3312 |
31-331200 | Steel products from purchased steel | Primary metals (31-331000) |
332721 |
31-332721 | Precision turned products | Turned products and screws, nuts, and bolts (31-332720) |
332722 |
31-332722 | Bolts, nuts, screws, rivets, and washers | Turned products and screws, nuts, and bolts (31-332720) |
33391 |
31-333910 | Pumps and compressors | Other general purpose machinery (31-333900) |
33392 |
31-333920 | Material handling equipment | Other general purpose machinery (31-333900) |
33399 |
31-333990 | All other general purpose machinery | Other general purpose machinery (31-333900) |
334515 |
31-334515 | Electricity and signal testing instruments | Electromedical apparatus (31-334510) |
3366 |
31-336600 | Ship and boat building | Transportation equipment (31-336000) |
3369 |
31-336900 | Railroad rolling stock and other transportation equipment | Transportation equipment (31-336000) |
3152 |
32-315200 | Cut and sew apparel | Apparel (32-315000) |
31521 |
32-315210 | Cut and sew apparel contractors | Apparel (32-315000) |
3159 |
32-315900 | All other apparel manufacturing | Apparel (32-315000) |
3253 |
32-325300 | Agricultural chemicals | Chemicals (32-325000) |
3259 |
32-325900 | Other chemical products and preparations | Chemicals (32-325000) |
221121 |
44-221121 | Electric bulk power transmission and control | Electric power transmission and distribution (44-221120) |
NAICS 2007 | CES NAICS 2007 Tabcode | CES NAICS 2007 Industry | Next Highest Published Level |
---|---|---|---|
33611 |
31-336110 | Automobiles and light trucks | Motor vehicles (31-336100) |
336111 |
31-336111 | Automobiles | Motor vehicles (31-336100) |
336112 |
31-336112 | Light trucks and utility vehicles | Motor vehicles (31-336100) |
33612 |
31-336120 | Heavy duty trucks | Motor vehicles (31-336100) |
NAICS 2007 | CES NAICS 2007 Tabcode | CES NAICS 2007 Industry | Next Highest Published Level |
---|---|---|---|
3343 |
31-334300 | Audio and video equipment | Computer and electronic products (31-334000) |
3346 |
31-334600 | Magnetic media manufacturing and reproduction | Computer and electronic products (31-334000) |
334515 |
31-334515 | Electricity and signal testing instruments | Electromedical apparatus (31-334510) |
336411 |
31-336411 | Aircraft | Aerospace products and parts (31-336400) |
3369 |
31-336900 | Railroad rolling stock and other transportation equipment | Transportation equipment (31-336000) |
312 |
32-312000 | Beverages and tobacco products | Nondurable goods (32-000000) |
31321 |
32-313210 | Broadwoven fabric mills | Fabric mills (32-313200) |
316 |
32-316000 | Leather and allied products | Nondurable goods (32-000000) |
Why benchmarks differ from estimates
A benchmark revision is the difference between the benchmark employment level for a given March and its corresponding sample-based estimate. The overall accuracy of the establishment survey is usually gauged by the size of this difference. The benchmark revision often is regarded as a proxy for total survey error, but this does not take into account error in the universe data. The employment counts obtained from quarterly unemployment insurance tax forms are administrative data that reflect employer record-keeping practices and differing State laws and procedures. The benchmark revision can be more precisely interpreted as the difference between two independently derived employment counts, each subject to its own error sources.
Both the universe counts and the establishment survey estimates are subject to nonsampling errors common to all surveys – coverage, response, and processing errors. The error structures for both the CES monthly survey and the UI universe are complex. Still, the two programs generally produce consistent total employment figures, each validating the other. Over the last decade, annual benchmark revisions at the Total nonfarm level have averaged 0.3 percent (in absolute terms), with an absolute range of 0.1 percent to 0.7 percent.
Benchmark revisions effects for other data types
The routine benchmarking process results in revisions to the series for production and nonsupervisory workers. There are no benchmark employment levels for these series; they are revised by preserving ratios of employment for the particular data type to all employee employment prior to benchmarking, and then applying these ratios to the revised all employee figures. These figures are calculated at the basic cell level and then aggregated to produce the summary estimates. Average weekly hours and average hourly earnings are not benchmarked; they are estimated solely from reports supplied by survey respondents at the basic estimating cell level.
The aggregate industry level of the hours and earnings series is derived as a weighted average. The production or nonsupervisory employee employment estimates for the basic cells are used as weights for the hours and earnings estimates for broader industry groupings. Adjustments of the all employee estimates to new benchmarks may alter the weights, which, in turn, may change the estimates for hours and earnings of production or nonsupervisory employees at higher levels of aggregation.
Generally, new employment benchmarks have little effect on hours and earnings estimates for major groupings. To influence the hours and earnings estimates of a broader group, employment revisions have to be relatively large and must affect industries that have hours or earnings averages that are substantially different from those of other industries in their group. Table 4A and Table 4B give information on the levels of specific hours and earnings series resulting from the March 2011 benchmark. At the total private level, there was no change in average weekly hours for all employees and production and nonsupervisory employees from the previously published level. Average hourly earnings increased by 1 cent for all employees and 3 cents for production and nonsupervisory employees from the previously published level.
Methods
Benchmark adjustment procedure. Establishment survey benchmarking is done on an annual basis to a population derived primarily from the administrative file of employees covered by unemployment insurance (UI). The time required to complete the revision process – from the full collection of the UI population data to publication of the revised industry estimates – is about ten months. The benchmark adjustment procedure replaces the March sample-based employment estimates with UI-based population counts for March. The benchmark therefore determines the final employment levels, while sample movements capture month-to-month trends.
Benchmarks are established for each basic estimating cell and are aggregated to develop published levels. On a not-seasonally adjusted basis, the sample-based estimates for the year preceding and the year following the benchmark also are then subject to revision. Employment estimates for the months between the most recent March benchmark and the previous year's benchmark are adjusted using a "wedge-back" procedure. In this process, the difference between the benchmark level and the previously published March estimate for each estimating cell is computed. This difference, or error, is linearly distributed across the 11 months of estimates subsequent to the previous benchmark; eleven-twelfths of the March difference is added to February estimates, ten-twelfths to January estimates, and so on, ending with the previous April estimates, which receive one-twelfth of the March difference. The wedge procedure assumes that the total estimation error accumulated at a steady rate since the last benchmark. Applying previously derived over-the-month sample changes to the revised March level yields revised estimates for the months following the March benchmark. New net birth/death model estimates also are calculated and applied during post-benchmark estimation, and new sample is introduced from the annual update.
Benchmark source material. The principal source of benchmark data for private industries is the Quarterly Census of Employment and Wages (QCEW). These employment data are provided to State Employment Security Agencies by employers covered by State UI laws. BLS uses several other sources to establish benchmarks for the remaining industries partially covered or exempt from mandatory UI coverage, accounting for nearly 3 percent of the nonfarm employment total.
Data on employees covered under Social Security laws, published by the U.S. Census Bureau in County Business Patterns, are used to augment UI data for industries not fully covered by the UI scope, such as Nonoffice insurance sales workers, child daycare workers, Religious organizations, and Private schools and hospitals. Benchmarks for State and Local government hospitals and Educational institutions are based on the Annual Census of Governments conducted by the Census Bureau. Benchmark data from these sources are available only on a lagged basis. Extrapolation to a current level is accomplished by applying the employment trends from the UI-covered part of the population in these industries to the noncovered part. Universe data for interstate railroads are obtained from the Railroad Retirement Board.
Business birth and death estimation. Regular updating of the CES sample frame with information from the UI universe files helps to keep the CES survey current with respect to employment from business births and business deaths. The timeliest UI universe files available, however, always will be a minimum of nine months out of date. The CES survey thus cannot rely on regular frame maintenance alone to provide estimates for business birth and death employment contributions. BLS has researched both sample-based and model-based approaches to measuring birth units that have not yet appeared on the UI universe frame. Since the research demonstrated that sampling for births was not feasible in the very short CES production timeframes, the Bureau is utilizing a model-based approach for this component.
Earlier research indicated that while both the business birth and death portions of total employment are generally significant, the net contribution is relatively small and stable. To account for this net birth/death portion of total employment, BLS is utilizing an estimation procedure with two components. The first component excludes employment losses from business deaths from sample-based estimation in order to offset the missing employment gains from business births. This is incorporated into the sample-based link relative estimate procedure by simply not reflecting sample units going out of business, but imputing to them the same trend as the other firms in the sample. The second component is an ARIMA time series model designed to estimate the residual net birth/death employment not accounted for by the imputation. The historical time series used to create and test the ARIMA model was derived from the UI universe micro level database, and reflects the actual residual net of births and deaths over the past five years. The net birth/death model component figures are unique to each month and include negative adjustments in some months. Furthermore, these figures exhibit a seasonal pattern similar to the seasonal patterns of the continuing businesses.
Only error from the second component is directly measurable. Error from this component is measured by comparing the actual residual from March 2010-11 – once it becomes available – with the model-based estimate. As Exhibit 6 shows, the actual net birth/death residual for April 2010 to March 2011 was approximately 12,000 below the forecasted amount used in the CES monthly estimates for the time period.
Benchmark 2010 | Apr-10 | May-10 | Jun-10 | Jul-10 | Aug-10 | Sep-10 | Oct-10 | Nov-10 | Dec-10 | Jan-11 | Feb-11 | Mar-11 | Total |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Actual Net Birth/Death |
106 | 205 | 138 | 55 | 70 | -49 | 185 | -33 | -20 | -356 | 72 | 64 | 437 |
Forecast Net Birth/Death |
141 | 192 | 131 | -38 | 91 | -25 | 71 | -32 | 6 | -339 | 112 | 117 | 427 |
Difference |
-35 | 13 | 7 | 93 | -21 | -24 | 114 | -1 | -26 | -17 | -40 | -53 | 10 |
Cumulative Difference |
-35 | -22 | -15 | 78 | 57 | 33 | 147 | 146 | 120 | 103 | 63 | 10 |
Conversion to the 2012 North American Industry Classification System
Also with the release of the January 2012 estimates, the CES National nonfarm payroll series were updated to the 2012 North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) from the 2007 NAICS basis. The conversion to NAICS 2012 resulted in minor definitional changes within the Construction, Manufacturing, and Retail trade sectors, as well as minor coding changes within the Utilities and the Leisure and hospitality sectors. Several industry titles and descriptions were also updated. None of the revisions crossed supersector boundaries.
All series were converted to the 2012 NAICS basis prior to annual benchmark processing. In order to avoid time series breaks, all impacted series were reconstructed back to at least 1990. The reconstruction methodology is based on the first quarter 2011 UI microdata, which were coded on both a 2007 NAICS and a 2012 NAICS basis. Ratios were established from this dual coded file; the ratios were used to map employment from the 2007 NAICS series to the 2012 NAICS series. For example, the March 2011 employment ratios for 2007 CES NAICS industry 31-337129 (Miscellaneous household and institutional furniture) indicate that 96.1 percent of the employment will go to 2012 CES NAICS series 31-337127 (Miscellaneous household and institutional furniture) and 3.9 percent to 31-321990 (All other wood products). The 2007 NAICS to 2012 NAICS employment ratios, or distribution of employment from 2007 NAICS to 2012 NAICS, can be seen in Exhibit 7. The 2012 NAICS to 2007 NAICS employment ratios, or the composition of the 2012 NAICS series from 2007 NAICS, can be seen in Exhibit 8.
CES NAICS 2007 Tabcode | NAICS 2007 Industry | CES NAICS 2012 Tabcode | NAICS 2012 Industry | Ratio |
---|---|---|---|---|
31-321990 |
All other wood products | 31-321990 | All other wood products | 100.0 |
31-337129 |
Miscellaneous household and institutional furniture | 31-321990 | All other wood products | 3.9 |
31-332995 |
Small arms, ammunition, and other ordnance and accessories | 31-332994 | Small arms, ammunition, and other ordnance and accessories | 100.0 |
31-333513 |
Metal cutting and forming machine tools | 31-333517 | Machine tool manufacturing | 100.0 |
31-333518 |
Miscellaneous metalworking machinery | 31-333519 | Miscellaneous metalworking machinery | 100.0 |
31-334119 |
Computer terminals and other computer peripheral equipment | 31-334118 | Computer terminals and other computer peripheral equipment | 100.0 |
31-336321 |
Vehicular lighting equipment | 31-336320 | Motor vehicle electric equipment | 100.0 |
31-336322 |
Other motor vehicle electric equipment | 31-336320 | Motor vehicle electric equipment | 100.0 |
31-337129 |
Miscellaneous household and institutional furniture | 31-337127 | Miscellaneous household and institutional furniture | 96.1 |
32-311330 |
Chocolate confectioneries | 32-311350 | Chocolate and confectionery manufacturing | 100.0 |
32-315290 |
Women's and all other cut and sew apparel | 32-315280 | Women's and all other cut and sew apparel | 100.0 |
32-322215 |
Miscellaneous paperboard containers | 32-322219 | Folding boxes and miscellaneous paperboard containers | 100.0 |
32-323110 |
Commercial lithograph printing | 32-323117 | Commercial printing, except screen | 100.0 |
32-323112 |
Commercial flexographic printing | 32-323117 | Commercial printing, except screen | 100.0 |
32-323114 |
Quick printing | 32-323117 | Commercial printing, except screen | 100.0 |
32-323119 |
Miscellaneous commercial printing | 32-323117 | Commercial printing, except screen | 100.0 |
42-443111 |
Household appliance stores | 42-443141 | Household appliance stores | 100.0 |
42-443112 |
Radio, TV, and other electronics stores | 42-443142 | Electronics stores | 100.0 |
42-443130 |
Computer, software, camera, and photography supply stores | 42-443142 | Electronics stores | 100.0 |
42-451220 |
Prerecorded tape, CD, and record stores | 42-443142 | Electronics stores | 100.0 |
42-454311 |
Healing oil dealers | 42-454310 | Fuel dealers | 100.0 |
42-454319 |
Liquefied petroleum gas, bottled gas, and other fuel dealers | 42-454310 | Fuel dealers | 100.0 |
44-221119 |
Nuclear and other electric power generation | 44-221118 | Nuclear and other electric power generation | 100.0 |
70-722100 |
Full-service restaurants | 70-722511 | Full-service restaurants | 100.0 |
70-722211 |
Limited-service restaurants | 70-722513 | Limited-service restaurants | 100.0 |
70-722212 |
Cafeterias, grill buffets, and buffets | 70-722514 | Cafeterias, grill buffets, and buffets | 100.0 |
70-722213 |
Snack and nonalcoholic beverage bars | 70-722515 | Snack and nonalcoholic beverage bars | 100.0 |
CES NAICS 2012 Tabcode | NAICS 2012 Industry | CES NAICS 2007 Tabcode | NAICS 2007 Industry | Ratio |
---|---|---|---|---|
31-321990 |
All other wood products | 31-321990 | All other wood products | 97.3 |
31-321990 |
All other wood products | 31-337129 | Miscellaneous household and institutional furniture | 2.7 |
31-332994 |
Small arms, ammunition, and other ordnance and accessories | 31-332995 | Small arms, ammunition, and other ordnance accessories | 100.0 |
31-333517 |
Machine tools | 31-333513 | Metal cutting and forming machine tools | 100.0 |
31-333519 |
Miscellaneous metalworking machinery | 31-333518 | Miscellaneous metalworking machinery | 100.0 |
31-334118 |
Computer terminals and other computer peripheral equipment | 31-334119 | Computer terminals and other computer peripheral equipment | 100.0 |
31-336320 |
Motor vehicle electric equipment | 31-336321 | Vehicular lighting equipment | 22.3 |
31-336320 |
Motor vehicle electric equipment | 31-336322 | Other motor vehicle electric equipment | 77.7 |
31-337127 |
Miscellaneous household and institutional furniture | 31-337129 | Miscellaneous household and institutional furniture | 100.0 |
32-311350 |
Chocolate and confectionery manufacturing | 32-311330 | Chocolate confectioneries | 100.0 |
32-315280 |
Women's and all other cut and sew apparel | 32-315290 | Women's and all other cut and sew apparel | 100.0 |
32-322219 |
Folding boxes and miscellaneous paperboard containers | 32-322215 | Miscellaneous paperboard containers | 100.0 |
32-323117 |
Commercial printing, except screen | 32-323110 | Commercial lithograph printing | 46.2 |
32-323117 |
Commercial printing, except screen | 32-323112 | Commercial flexographic printing | 8.4 |
32-323117 |
Commercial printing, except screen | 32-323114 | Quick printing | 11.5 |
32-323117 |
Commercial printing, except screen | 32-323119 | Miscellaneous commercial printing | 34.0 |
42-443141 |
Household appliance stores | 42-443111 | Household appliance stores | 100.0 |
42-443142 |
Electronics stores | 42-443112 | Radio, TV, and other electronics stores | 70.8 |
42-443142 |
Electronics stores | 42-443130 | Computer, software, camera, and photography supply stores | 25.0 |
42-443142 |
Electronics stores | 42-451220 | Prerecorded tape, CD, and record stores | 4.2 |
42-451200 |
Book stores and news dealers | 42-451210 | Book stores and news dealers | 100.0 |
42-454310 |
Fuel dealers | 42-454311 | Healing oil dealers | 50.2 |
42-454310 |
Fuel dealers | 42-454319 | Liquefied petroleum gas, bottled gas, and other fuel dealers | 49.8 |
44-221118 |
Nuclear and other electric power generation | 44-221119 | Nuclear and other electric power generation | 100.0 |
70-722511 |
Full-service restaurants | 70-722100 | Full-service restaurants | 100.0 |
70-722513 |
Limited-service restaurants | 70-722211 | Limited-service restaurants | 100.0 |
70-722514 |
Cafeterias, grill buffets, and buffets | 70-722212 | Cafeterias, grill buffets, and buffets | 100.0 |
70-722515 |
Snack and nonalcoholic beverage bars | 70-722213 | Snack and nonalcoholic beverage bars | 100.0 |
The conversion to 2012 NAICS caused several changes to CES published series. Exhibit 9 shows new all employee series as a result of 2012 NAICS. Exhibit 10 shows changes in scope to published all employee series due to the 2012 NAICS reclassification. Exhibit 11 shows discontinued NAICS 2007 series that have been reclassified into 2012 NAICS.
NAICS 2007 | CES NAICS 2007 Tabcode | CES NAICS 2007 Industry | Reclassification into CES NAICS 2012 Industries |
---|---|---|---|
332995 |
31-332995 | Small arms, ammunition, and other ordinance and accessories | Moved into new NAICS 2012 industry Small arms, ammunition, and other ordinance and accessories (31-332994) |
333513 |
31-333513 | Metal cutting and forming machine tools | Moved into new NAICS 2012 industry Machine tools (31-333517) |
333518 |
31-333518 | Miscellaneous metalworking machinery | Moved into new NAICS 2012 industry Miscellaneous metalworking machinery (31-333519) |
334119 |
31-334119 | Computer terminals and other computer peripheral equipment | Moved into new NAICS 2012 industry Computer terminals and other computer peripheral equipment (31-334118) |
31133 |
32-311330 | Chocolate confectioneries | Moved into new NAICS 2012 industry Chocolate and confectionery manufacturing (32-311350) |
31529 |
32-315290 | Women's and all other cut and sew apparel | Moved into new NAICS 2012 industry Women's and all other cut and sew apparel (32-315280) |
322215 |
32-322215 | Miscellaneous paperboard containers | Moved into new NAICS 2012 industry Folding boxes and miscellaneous paperboard containers (32-322219) |
323110 |
32-323110 | Commercial lithograph printing | Combined into new NAICS 2012 Commercial printing, except screen (32-323117) |
323112 |
32-323112 | Commercial flexographic printing | Combined into new NAICS 2012 Commercial printing, except screen (32-323117) |
323114 |
32-323114 | Quick printing | Combined into new NAICS 2012 Commercial printing, except screen (32-323117) |
323119 |
32-323119 | Miscellaneous commercial printing | Combined into new NAICS 2012 Commercial printing, except screen (32-323117) |
443111 |
42-443111 | Household appliance stores | Moved into new NAICS 2012 industry Household appliance stores (42-443141) |
443112 |
42-443112 | Radio, TV, and other electronics stores | Combined into new NAICS 2012 industry Electronics stores (42-443142) |
44313 |
42-443130 | Computer, software, camera, and photography supply stores | Combined into new NAICS 2012 industry Electronics stores (42-443142) |
45122 |
42-451220 | Prerecorded tape, CD, and record stores | Combined into new NAICS 2012 industry Electronics stores (42-443142) |
221119 |
44-221119 | Nuclear and other electric power generation | Moved into new NAICS 2012 industry Nuclear and other electric power generation (44-221118) |
7221 |
70-722100 | Full-service restaurants | Moved into new NAICS 2012 industry Full-service restaurants (70-722511) |
722211 |
70-722211 | Limited-service restaurants | Moved into new NAICS 2012 industry Limited-service restaurants (70-722513) |
722212 |
70-722212 | Cafeterias, grill buffets, and buffets | Moved into new NAICS 2012 industry Cafeterias, grill buffets, and buffets (70-722514) |
722213 |
70-722213 | Snack and nonalcoholic beverage bars | Moved into new NAICS 2012 industry Snack and nonalcoholic beverage bars (70-722515) |
NAICS 2012 | CES NAICS 2012 Tabcode | CES NAICS 2012 Industry | Reclassified CES NAICS 2007 Industry |
---|---|---|---|
32199 |
31-321990 | All other wood products | All other wood products (31-321990) gains a portion of Miscellaneous household and institutional furniture (31-337129) |
337127 |
31-337127 | Miscellaneous household and institutional furniture | A portion of Miscellaneous household and institutional furniture (31-337129) was moved to All other wood products (31-321990). The rest is reclassified into new NAICS 2012 industry Miscellaneous household and institutional furniture (31-337127). |
323110 |
32-323110 | Printing | The new NAICS 2012 series Printing (32-323110) was originally only Commercial lithograph printing, but now is an aggregate level containing Commercial screen printing (32-323113) and Commercial printing, except screen (32-323117). |
4512 |
42-451200 | Book stores and news dealers | A portion of Book, periodical, and music stores (42-451200) that is associated with Prerecorded tape, CD, and record stores (42-451220) is moved to Electronics stores (42-443142). Book, periodical, and music stores (42-451200) is renamed Book stores and news dealers. |
7225 |
70-722500 | Restaurants and other eating places | The new NAICS 2012 series Restaurants and other eating places (70-722500) combines Full-service restaurants (70-722100) with Limited-service eating places (70-722200). |
NAICS 2007 | CES NAICS 2007 Tabcode | CES NAICS 2007 Industry | Next Highest Published Level |
---|---|---|---|
332116 |
31-332116 | Metal Stamping | Forging and stamping (31-332100) |
336321 |
31-336321 | Vehicular lighting equipment | Motor vehicle electric equipment (31-336320) |
336322 |
31-336322 | Other motor vehicle electric equipment | Motor vehicle electric equipment (31-336320) |
323112 |
32-323112 | Commercial flexographic printing | Commercial printing, except screen (32-323117) |
323114 |
32-323114 | Quick printing | Commercial printing, except screen (32-323117) |
323119 |
32-323119 | Miscellaneous commercial printing | Commercial printing, except screen (32-323117) |
443112 |
42-443112 | Radio, TV, and other electronics stores | Electronics stores (42-443142) |
44313 |
42-443130 | Computer, software, camera, and photography supply stores | Electronics stores (42-443142) |
45121 |
42-451210 | Book stores and news dealers | Book stores and news dealers (42-451200) |
454311 |
42-454311 | Heating oil dealers | Fuel dealers (42-454310) |
454319 |
42-454319 | Liquefied petroleum gas, bottled gas, and other fuel dealers | Fuel dealers (42-454310) |
The CES survey also updated industry titles to reflect similar changes in the 2012 NAICS industry definitions, shown in Exhibit 12. In most cases the scope of each industry is not affected by the title changes, except where the industries are also listed in the "Change in Scope" tables above.
NAICS 2007 | CES NAICS 2007 Tabcode | CES NAICS 2007 Industry | CES NAICS 2012 Industry |
---|---|---|---|
333517 |
31-333517 | Metal cutting and forming machine tools | Machine tools |
31522 |
32-315220 | Men's cut and sew apparel | Men's and boys' cut and sew apparel |
322219 |
32-322219 | Miscellaneous paperboard containers | Folding boxes and miscellaneous paperboard containers |
4512 |
42-451200 | Book, periodical, and music stores | Book stores and news dealers |
561422 |
60-561422 | Telemarketing bureaus and other contact centers | Telemarketing bureaus |
62321 |
65-623210 | Residential mental retardation facilities | Residential intellectual and developmental disability facilities |
623312 |
65-623312 | Homes for the elderly | Assisted living facilities for the elderly |
71219 |
70-712190 | Historical sites, zoos, botanical gardens, nature parks and similar institutions | Historical sites, zoos, botanical gardens, nature parks, and similar institutions |
7211 |
70-721100 | Traveler accommodation and other longer-term accommodation | Traveler accommodation |
72119 |
70-721190 | Miscellaneous traveler accommodation | Other traveler accommodation |
8123 |
80-812300 | Dry-cleaning and laundry services | Drycleaning and laundry services |
81231 |
80-812310 | Coin-operated laundries and dry cleaners | Coin-operated laundries and drycleaners |
81232 |
80-812320 | Dry-cleaning and laundry services, except coin-operated | Drycleaning and laundry services, except coin-operated |
Changes to noncovered employment
As part of a review of unemployment insurance tax laws BLS has identified several industries that have noncovered employment that have not been included previously. As such, BLS will now be calculating employment for those industries as well as collecting supplemental information on them from the States. The addition of these industries will add 95,000 jobs to the cumulative noncovered employment level. In order to avoid introducing series breaks, employment level shifts, and extensive historical revisions in the affected industries, the additional jobs were incorporated in the Match 2011 benchmark levels and wedged back using standard benchmark methodology.
NAICS Industry Code | Industry Title | Noncovered Employment |
---|---|---|
524126 |
Direct property and casualty insurance carriers | 72 |
524127 |
Direct title insurance carriers | 0 |
524128 |
Other direct insurance carriers | 5 |
524130 |
Reinsurance carriers | 0 |
524210 |
Insurance agencies and brokerages | 11 |
611410 |
Business and secretarial schools | 0 |
611420 |
Computer training | 0 |
611430 |
Professional and management development training | 0 |
611511 |
Cosmetology and barber schools | 0 |
611512 |
Flight training | 0 |
611513 |
Apprenticeship training | 2 |
611519 |
Other technical and trade schools | 1 |
611610 |
Fine arts schools | 4 |
Technical changes to historical data
In addition to the normal benchmark process and revisions due to the conversion to NAICS 2012, the CES survey recalculated historical data for some aggregate series and annual averages for hours and earnings data prior to April 2010.
Aggregate series. In previous years, changes in the industry aggregation structure that resulted from the annual sample adequacy review had not included a reaggregation of the series using consistent aggregation rules. Aggregation procedures are described in the CES technical notes. This year, all aggregate data series were recalculated using standard formulas. This resulted in minor differences to not seasonally adjusted data – no more than 2,000 for employment series, 0.1 for hours series, and $0.01 for earnings series – primarily related to rounding.
Data for these series prior to 2007 were re-seasonally adjusted. While the re-adjusted series contained considerably more historical data than when originally adjusted, the resulting revisions affected fewer than 2% of employment, 5% of hours, and 8% of earnings data points.
Annual averages. Annual average calculations for hours and earnings data prior to 1990 were calculated using a different formula than has been used for the post 1990 period. The differences in formula resulted in minor differences in the calculated value. With this change, all annual average data will use standardized calculations for the series.
Availability of revised data
LABSTAT, the BLS public database on the Internet, contains all historical employment, hours, and earnings data revised as a result of this benchmark, including both unadjusted and seasonally adjusted data. The data can be accessed at http://www.bls.gov/ces/, the Current Employment Statistics homepage.
Small domain model
The CES Small Domain Model (SDM) is used for industries where the sample alone is insufficient for reliable estimates. The CES SDM is a Weighted Least Squares model with two employment inputs: (1) an estimate based on available CES sample for that series, and (2) an ARIMA projection based on 10 years of historical QCEW data. Further background on the SDM is provided in the CES technical notes.
There are six industries estimated by using the SDM. These industries are lessors of nonfinancial intangible assets, direct health and medical insurance carriers, tax preparation services, other technical consulting services, remediation services, and recreational and vacation camps.
Seasonal adjustment procedure
BLS uses X-12 ARIMA software developed by the U.S. Census Bureau to seasonally adjust National employment, hours, and earnings series derived from the CES program. Individual series are seasonally adjusted using either a multiplicative or an additive model (Exhibit 14), and seasonal adjustment factors are directly applied to the component levels. For employment, individual 3-digit NAICS levels are seasonally adjusted, and higher level aggregates are formed by summing these components. Seasonally adjusted totals for hours and earnings are obtained by taking weighted averages of the seasonally adjusted data for the component series.
Special model adjustments
Variable survey intervals. Beginning with the release of the 1995 benchmark, BLS refined the seasonal adjustment procedures to control for survey interval variations, sometimes referred to as the 4- versus 5-week effect. Although the CES survey is referenced to a consistent concept – the pay period including the 12th of each month – inconsistencies arise because there are sometimes four and sometimes five weeks between the week including the 12th in a given pair of months. In highly seasonal industries, these variations can be an important determinant of the magnitude of seasonal hires or layoffs that have occurred at the time the survey is taken, thereby complicating seasonal adjustment.
Standard seasonal adjustment methodology relies heavily on the experience of the most recent three years to determine the expected seasonal change in employment for each month of the current year. Prior to the implementation of the adjustment, the procedure did not distinguish between 4- and 5-week survey intervals, and the accuracy of the seasonal expectation depended in large measure on how well the current year’s survey interval corresponded with those of the previous three years. All else the same, the greatest potential for distortion occurred when the current month being estimated had a 5-week interval but the three years preceding it were all 4-week intervals, or conversely when the current month had a 4-week interval but the three years preceding it were all 5-week intervals.
BLS adopted REGARIMA (regression with auto-correlated errors) modeling to identify the estimated size and significance of the calendar effect for each published series. REGARIMA combines standard regression analysis, which measures correlation among two or more variables, with ARIMA modeling, which describes and predicts the behavior of data series based on its own past history. For many economic time series, including nonfarm payroll employment, observations are auto-correlated over time; that is, each month’s value is significantly dependent on the observations that precede it. These series, therefore, usually can be successfully fit using ARIMA models. If auto-correlated time series are modeled through regression analysis alone, the measured relationships among other variables of interest may be distorted due to the influence of the auto-correlation. Thus, the REGARIMA technique is appropriate for measuring relationships among variables of interest in series that exhibit auto-correlation, such as Nonfarm payroll employment.
In this application, the correlations of interest are those between employment levels in individual calendar months and the lengths of the survey intervals for those months. The REGARIMA models evaluate the variation in employment levels attributable to eleven separate survey interval variables, one specified for each month, except March. March is excluded because there are almost always four weeks between the February and March surveys. Models for individual basic series are fit with the most recent ten years of data available, the standard time span used for CES seasonal adjustment.
The REGARIMA procedure yields regression coefficients for each of the eleven months specified in the model. These coefficients provide estimates of the strength of the relationship between employment levels and the number of weeks between surveys for the eleven modeled months. The X-12 ARIMA software also produces diagnostic statistics that permit the assessment of the statistical significance of the regression coefficients, and all series are reviewed for model adequacy.
Because the eleven coefficients derived from the REGARIMA models provide an estimate of the magnitude of variation in employment levels associated with the length of the survey interval, these coefficients are used to adjust the CES data to remove the calendar effect. These "filtered" series then are seasonally adjusted using the standard X-12 ARIMA software.
For a few series, REGARIMA models do not fit well; these series are seasonally adjusted with the X-12 software but without the interval effect adjustment. There are several additional special effects modeled through the REGARIMA process; they are described below.
Construction series. Beginning with the 1996 benchmark revision, BLS utilized special treatment to adjust construction industry series. In the application of the interval effect modeling process to the construction series, there initially was difficulty in accurately identifying and measuring the effect because of the strong influence of variable weather patterns on employment movements in the industry. Further research allowed BLS to incorporate interval effect modeling for the construction industry by disaggregating the construction series into its finer industry and geographic estimating cells and tightening outlier designation parameters. This allowed a more precise identification of weather-related outliers that had masked the interval effect and clouded the seasonal adjustment patterns in general. With these outliers removed, interval effect modeling became feasible. The result is a seasonally adjusted series for construction that is improved because it is controlled for two potential distortions: unusual weather events and the 4- versus 5-week effect.
Floating holidays. BLS is continuing the practice of making special adjustments for average weekly hours and average weekly overtime series to account for the presence or absence of religious holidays in the April survey reference period and the occurrence of Labor Day in the September reference period, back to the start date of each series.
Local government series. A special adjustment also is made in November each year to account for variations in employment due to the presence or absence of poll workers in Local government, excluding educational services.
Refinements in hours and earnings seasonal adjustment. With the release of the 1997 benchmark, BLS implemented refinements to the seasonal adjustment process for the hours and earnings series to correct for distortions related to the method of accounting for the varying length of payroll periods across months. There is a significant correlation between over-the-month changes in both the average weekly hour (AWH) and the average hourly earnings (AHE) series and the number of weekdays in a month, resulting in noneconomic fluctuations in these two series. Both AWH and AHE show more growth in "short" months (20 or 21 weekdays) than in "long" months (22 or 23 weekdays). The effect is stronger for the AWH than for the AHE series.
The calendar effect is traceable to response and processing errors associated with converting payroll and hours information from sample respondents with semi-monthly or monthly pay periods to a weekly equivalent. The response error comes from sample respondents reporting a fixed number of total hours for workers regardless of the length of the reference month, while the CES conversion process assumes that the hours reporting will be variable. A constant level of hours reporting most likely occurs when employees are salaried rather than paid by the hour, as employers are less likely to keep actual detailed hours records for such employees. This causes artificial peaks in the AWH series in shorter months that are reversed in longer months.
The processing error occurs when respondents with salaried workers report hours correctly (vary them according to the length of the month), which dictates that different conversion factors be applied to payroll and hours. The CES processing system uses the hours conversion factor for both fields, resulting in peaks in the AHE series in short months and reversals in long months.
REGARIMA modeling is used to identify, measure, and remove the length-of-pay-period effect for seasonally adjusted average weekly hours and average hourly earnings series. The length-of-pay-period variable proves significant for explaining AWH movements in all the service-providing industries except Utilities. For AHE, the length-of-pay-period variable is significant for Wholesale trade, Retail trade, Information, Financial activities, Professional and business services, and Other services. All AWH series in the service-providing industries except Utilities have been adjusted from January 1990 forward. The AHE series for Wholesale trade, Retail trade, Information, Financial activities, Professional and business services, and Other services have been adjusted from January 1990 forward as well. For this reason, calculations of over-the-year change in the establishment hours and earnings series should use seasonally adjusted data.
The series to which the length-of-pay-period adjustment is applied are not subject to the 4- versus 5-week adjustment, as the modeling cannot support the number of variables that would be required in the regression equation to make both adjustments.
Seasonal adjustment of all employee hours and earnings series
The X-12 ARIMA software requires at least five years of data to adjust for variation due to the calendar effects (4- vs. 5-week, 10- vs. 11-day). Previously, CES had used a special procedure (http://www.bls.gov/ces/ces_aeppsa.pdf) to seasonally adjust these short series with less than five years of history. Now, CES has five full years of history for the new all employee hours and earnings series, allowing it to begin seasonal adjustment of the all employee hours and earnings series to incorporate the special model adjustments described above. This year, CES will replace the entire 70 months of seasonally adjusted all employee hours and earnings data, ensuring all data is adjusted using the same methodology.
NAICS Tabcode | Tabcode Title | Mode | 4/5 week adj | Other adj |
---|---|---|---|---|
1011330000 |
Logging | MULT | X | |
1021100000 |
Oil and gas extraction | MULT | X | |
1021200000 |
Mining, except oil and gas | - | X | Indirect(1) |
1021210000 |
Coal mining | MULT | X | |
1021300000 |
Support activities for mining | MULT | X | |
2023610000 |
Residential building | - | X | Indirect |
2023620000 |
Nonresidential building | - | X | Indirect |
2023700000 |
Heavy and civil engineering construction | ADD | X | |
2023800000 |
Specialty trade contractors | - | X | Indirect |
2023800100 |
Residential specialty trade contractors | MULT | X | Raked(2) |
2023800200 |
Nonresidential specialty trade contractors | ADD | X | Raked(2) |
3132100000 |
Wood products | ADD | X | |
3132700000 |
Nonmetallic mineral products | ADD | X | |
3133100000 |
Primary metals | ADD | X | |
3133200000 |
Fabricated metal products | ADD | X | |
3133300000 |
Machinery | MULT | X | |
3133400000 |
Computer and electronic products | - | X | Indirect |
3133410000 |
Computer and peripheral equipment | MULT | X | |
3133420000 |
Communications equipment | MULT | X | |
3133440000 |
Semiconductors and electronic components | MULT | X | |
3133450000 |
Electronic instruments | MULT | X | |
3133500000 |
Electrical equipment and appliances | MULT | X | |
3133600000 |
Transportation equipment | ADD | ||
3133600100 |
Motor vehicles and parts | ADD | ||
3133700000 |
Furniture and related products | ADD | X | |
3133900000 |
Miscellaneous manufacturing | MULT | X | |
3231100000 |
Food manufacturing | MULT | X | |
3231200000 |
Beverages and tobacco products | MULT | X | |
3231300000 |
Textile mills | MULT | X | |
3231400000 |
Textile product mills | MULT | X | |
3231500000 |
Apparel | MULT | X | |
3231600000 |
Leather and allied products | ADD | X | |
3232200000 |
Paper and paper products | MULT | X | |
3232300000 |
Printing and related support activities | MULT | X | |
3232400000 |
Petroleum and coal products | ADD | X | |
3232500000 |
Chemicals | MULT | X | |
3232600000 |
Plastics and rubber products | ADD | X | |
4142300000 |
Durable goods | MULT | X | |
4142400000 |
Nondurable goods | MULT | X | |
4142500000 |
Electronic markets and agents and brokers | MULT | X | |
4244100000 |
Motor vehicle and parts dealers | - | X | Indirect |
4244110000 |
Automobile dealers | ADD | X | |
4244200000 |
Furniture and home furnishings stores | MULT | X | |
4244300000 |
Electronics and appliance stores | MULT | X | |
4244400000 |
Building material and garden supply stores | MULT | X | |
4244500000 |
Food and beverage stores | MULT | X | |
4244600000 |
Health and personal care stores | MULT | X | |
4244700000 |
Gasoline stations | MULT | X | |
4244800000 |
Clothing and clothing accessories stores | MULT | X | |
4245100000 |
Sporting goods, hobby, book, and music stores | MULT | X | |
4245200000 |
General merchandise stores | - | X | Indirect |
4245210000 |
Department stores | MULT | X | |
4245300000 |
Miscellaneous store retailers | MULT | X | |
4245400000 |
Nonstore retailers | MULT | X | |
4348100000 |
Air transportation | MULT | X | |
4348200000 |
Rail transportation | MULT | X | |
4348300000 |
Water transportation | ADD | X | |
4348400000 |
Truck transportation | ADD | X | |
4348500000 |
Transit and ground passenger transportation | ADD | ||
4348600000 |
Pipeline transportation | MULT | X | |
4348700000 |
Scenic and sightseeing transportation | MULT | X | |
4348800000 |
Support activities for transportation | MULT | X | |
4349200000 |
Couriers and messengers | MULT | X | |
4349300000 |
Warehousing and storage | ADD | X | |
4422000000 |
Utilities | MULT | X | |
5051100000 |
Publishing industries, except Internet | MULT | X | |
5051200000 |
Motion picture and sound recording industries | MULT | X | |
5051500000 |
Broadcasting, except Internet | MULT | X | |
5051700000 |
Telecommunications | MULT | X | |
5051800000 |
Data processing, hosting and related services | MULT | X | |
5051900000 |
Other information services | MULT | X | |
5552100000 |
Monetary authorities - central bank | MULT | X | |
5552200000 |
Credit intermediation and related activities | - | X | Indirect |
5552210000 |
Depository credit intermediation | MULT | X | |
5552211000 |
Commercial banking | MULT | X | |
5552300000 |
Securities, commodity contracts, investments | MULT | X | |
5552400000 |
Insurance carriers and related activities | MULT | X | |
5552500000 |
Funds, trusts, and other financial vehicles | ADD | X | |
5553100000 |
Real estate | MULT | X | |
5553200000 |
Rental and leasing services | ADD | X | |
5553300000 |
Lessors of nonfinancial intangible assets | MULT | X | |
6054000000 |
Professional and technical services | - | X | Indirect |
6054110000 |
Legal services | MULT | X | |
6054120000 |
Accounting and bookkeeping services | ADD | X | |
6054130000 |
Architectural and engineering services | MULT | X | |
6054150000 |
Computer systems design and related services | ADD | X | |
6054160000 |
Management and technical consulting services | MULT | X | |
6055000000 |
Management of companies and enterprises | ADD | X | |
6056100000 |
Administrative and support services | - | X | Indirect |
6056130000 |
Employment services | ADD | X | |
6056132000 |
Temporary help services | ADD | X | |
6056140000 |
Business support services | ADD | X | |
6056170000 |
Services to buildings and dwellings | MULT | X | |
6056200000 |
Waste management and remediation services | ADD | X | |
6561000000 |
Educational services | ADD | X | |
6562100000 |
Ambulatory health care services | - | X | Indirect |
6562110000 |
Offices of physicians | MULT | X | |
6562140000 |
Outpatient care centers | MULT | X | |
6562160000 |
Home health care services | ADD | X | |
6562200000 |
Hospitals | ADD | X | |
6562300000 |
Nursing and residential care facilities | - | X | Indirect |
6562310000 |
Nursing care facilities | MULT | X | |
6562400000 |
Social assistance | - | X | Indirect |
6562440000 |
Child day care services | MULT | X | |
7071100000 |
Performing arts and spectator sports | MULT | X | |
7071200000 |
Museums, historical sites, zoos, and parks | MULT | X | |
7071300000 |
Amusements, gambling, and recreation | MULT | X | |
7072100000 |
Accommodation | MULT | X | |
7072200000 |
Food services and drinking places | MULT | X | |
8081100000 |
Repair and maintenance | MULT | X | |
8081200000 |
Personal and laundry services | MULT | X | |
8081300000 |
Membership associations and organizations | MULT | ||
9091100000 |
Federal, except U.S. Postal Service | MULT | X | |
9091912000 |
U.S. Postal Service | MULT | X | |
9092161100 |
State government education | ADD | X | |
9092200000 |
State government, excluding education | MULT | X | |
9093161100 |
Local government education | ADD | X | |
9093200000 |
Local government, excluding education | MULT | X | Election adjustment(3) |
NAICS Tabcode | Tabcode title | Mode | 4/5 week adj | 10/11 day adj | Easter/Labor Day adj | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1000000000 |
Mining and logging | MULT | X | X | ||
2000000000 |
Construction | MULT | X | X | ||
3132100000 |
Wood products | MULT | X | X | ||
3132700000 |
Nonmetallic mineral products | ADD | X | X | ||
3133100000 |
Primary metals | MULT | X | X | ||
3133200000 |
Fabricated metal products | MULT | X | X | ||
3133300000 |
Machinery | MULT | X | X | ||
3133400000 |
Computer and electronic products | MULT | X | X | ||
3133500000 |
Electrical equipment and appliances | MULT | X | X | ||
3133600000 |
Transportation equipment | MULT | X | X | ||
3133600100 |
Motor vehicles and parts | ADD | X | X | ||
3133700000 |
Furniture and related products | MULT | X | X | ||
3133900000 |
Miscellaneous manufacturing | MULT | X | X | ||
3231100000 |
Food manufacturing | MULT | X | X | ||
3231200000 |
Beverages and tobacco products | MULT | X | X | ||
3231300000 |
Textile mills | MULT | X | X | ||
3231400000 |
Textile product mills | MULT | X | X | ||
3231500000 |
Apparel | MULT | X | X | ||
3231600000 |
Leather and allied products | MULT | X | X | ||
3232200000 |
Paper and paper products | MULT | X | X | ||
3232300000 |
Printing and related support activities | MULT | X | X | ||
3232400000 |
Petroleum and coal products | ADD | X | X | ||
3232500000 |
Chemicals | MULT | X | |||
3232600000 |
Plastics and rubber products | MULT | X | X | ||
4142000000 |
Wholesale trade | MULT | X | X | ||
4200000000 |
Retail trade | MULT | X | |||
4300000000 |
Transportation and warehousing | MULT | X | X | ||
4422000000 |
Utilities | MULT | X | |||
5000000000 |
Information | MULT | X | |||
5500000000 |
Financial activities | MULT | X | |||
6000000000 |
Professional and business services | MULT | X | X | ||
6500000000 |
Education and health services | MULT | X | |||
7000000000 |
Leisure and hospitality | MULT | X | |||
8000000000 |
Other services | MULT | X | X |
NAICS Tabcode | Tabcode title | Mode | 4/5 week adj | 10/11 day adj |
---|---|---|---|---|
1000000000 |
Mining and logging | ADD | X | |
2000000000 |
Construction | ADD | X | |
3100000000 |
Durable goods | ADD | X | |
3200000000 |
Nondurable goods | ADD | X | |
4142000000 |
Wholesale trade | MULT | X | |
4200000000 |
Retail trade | MULT | X | |
4300000000 |
Transportation and warehousing | MULT | X | |
4422000000 |
Utilities | ADD | X | |
5000000000 |
Information | MULT | X | |
5500000000 |
Financial activities | ADD | X | |
6000000000 |
Professional and business services | ADD | X | |
6500000000 |
Education and health services | ADD | X | |
7000000000 |
Leisure and hospitality | MULT | X | |
8000000000 |
Other services | MULT | X |
NAICS Tabcode | Tabcode title | Mode | 4/5 week adj | 10/11 day adj | Easter/Labor Day adj |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
3100000000 |
Durable goods | ADD | X | X | |
3200000000 |
Nondurable goods | MULT | X | X |
NAICS Tabcode | Tabcode Title | Mode | 4/5 week adj | Other adj |
---|---|---|---|---|
1000000000 |
Mining and logging | MULT | X | |
2000000000 |
Construction | ADD | X | |
3132100000 |
Wood products | ADD | X | |
3132700000 |
Nonmetallic mineral products | ADD | X | |
3133100000 |
Primary metals | ADD | X | |
3133200000 |
Fabricated metal products | ADD | X | |
3133300000 |
Machinery | MULT | X | |
3133400000 |
Computer and electronic products | MULT | X | |
3133500000 |
Electrical equipment and appliances | MULT | X | |
3133600000 |
Transportation equipment | ADD | ||
3133600100 |
Motor vehicles and parts | ADD | ||
3133700000 |
Furniture and related products | ADD | X | |
3133900000 |
Miscellaneous manufacturing | MULT | X | |
3231100000 |
Food manufacturing | MULT | X | |
3231200000 |
Beverages and tobacco products | MULT | X | |
3231300000 |
Textile mills | MULT | X | |
3231400000 |
Textile product mills | MULT | X | |
3231500000 |
Apparel | MULT | X | |
3231600000 |
Leather and allied products | MULT | X | |
3232200000 |
Paper and paper products | MULT | X | |
3232300000 |
Printing and related support activities | MULT | X | |
3232400000 |
Petroleum and coal products | ADD | X | |
3232500000 |
Chemicals | MULT | X | |
3232600000 |
Plastics and rubber products | ADD | X | |
4142000000 |
Wholesale trade | MULT | X | |
4200000000 |
Retail trade | MULT | X | |
4300000000 |
Transportation and warehousing | ADD | X | |
4422000000 |
Utilities | MULT | X | |
5000000000 |
Information | MULT | X | |
5500000000 |
Financial activities | MULT | X | |
6000000000 |
Professional and business services | MULT | X | |
6500000000 |
Education and health services | ADD | X | |
7000000000 |
Leisure and hospitality | MULT | X | |
8000000000 |
Other services | MULT | X |
NAICS Tabcode | Tabcode title | Mode | 4/5 week adj | 10/11 day adj | Easter/Labor Day adj |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
1000000000 |
Mining and logging | MULT | X | X | |
2000000000 |
Construction | ADD | X | X | |
3132100000 |
Wood products | MULT | X | X | |
3132700000 |
Nonmetallic mineral products | ADD | X | X | |
3133100000 |
Primary metals | MULT | X | X | |
3133200000 |
Fabricated metal products | MULT | X | X | |
3133300000 |
Machinery | ADD | X | X | |
3133400000 |
Computer and electronic products | MULT | X | X | |
3133500000 |
Electrical equipment and appliances | MULT | X | X | |
3133600000 |
Transportation equipment | MULT | X | X | |
3133600100 |
Motor vehicles and parts | ADD | X | X | |
3133700000 |
Furniture and related products | MULT | X | X | |
3133900000 |
Miscellaneous manufacturing | MULT | X | X | |
3231100000 |
Food manufacturing | MULT | X | X | |
3231200000 |
Beverages and tobacco products | ADD | X | X | |
3231300000 |
Textile mills | ADD | X | X | |
3231400000 |
Textile product mills | MULT | X | X | |
3231500000 |
Apparel | MULT | X | X | |
3231600000 |
Leather and allied products | ADD | X | X | |
3232200000 |
Paper and paper products | MULT | X | X | |
3232300000 |
Printing and related support activities | MULT | X | X | |
3232400000 |
Petroleum and coal products | MULT | X | X | |
3232500000 |
Chemicals | MULT | X | ||
3232600000 |
Plastics and rubber products | MULT | X | X | |
4142000000 |
Wholesale trade | MULT | X | X | |
4200000000 |
Retail trade | MULT | X | ||
4300000000 |
Transportation and warehousing | MULT | X | X | |
4422000000 |
Utilities | MULT | X | ||
5000000000 |
Information | MULT | X | ||
5500000000 |
Financial activities | MULT | X | ||
6000000000 |
Professional and business services | MULT | X | X | |
6500000000 |
Education and health services | MULT | X | ||
7000000000 |
Leisure and hospitality | MULT | X | ||
8000000000 |
Other services | MULT | X | X |
NAICS Tabcode | Tabcode title | Mode | 4/5 week adj | 10/11 day adj |
---|---|---|---|---|
1000000000 |
Mining and logging | MULT | X | |
2000000000 |
Construction | MULT | X | |
3100000000 |
Durable goods | MULT | X | |
3200000000 |
Nondurable goods | MULT | X | |
4142000000 |
Wholesale trade | MULT | X | |
4200000000 |
Retail trade | MULT | X | |
4300000000 |
Transportation and warehousing | MULT | X | |
4422000000 |
Utilities | MULT | X | |
5000000000 |
Information | MULT | X | |
5500000000 |
Financial activities | MULT | X | |
6000000000 |
Professional and business services | MULT | X | |
6500000000 |
Education and health services | ADD | X | |
7000000000 |
Leisure and hospitality | ADD | X | |
8000000000 |
Other services | MULT | X |
NAICS Tabcode | Tabcode title | Mode | 4/5 week adj | 10/11 day adj | Easter/Labor Day adj |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
3100000000 |
Durable goods | MULT | X | X | |
3200000000 |
Nondurable goods | ADD | X | X |
NAICS Tabcode | Tabcode Title | Mode | 4/5 week adj | Other adj |
---|---|---|---|---|
1000000000 |
Mining and logging | MULT | X | |
1021000000 |
Mining | MULT | X | |
2000000000 |
Construction | ADD | X | |
3100000000 |
Durable goods | MULT | X | |
3200000000 |
Nondurable goods | MULT | X | |
4142000000 |
Wholesale trade | MULT | X | |
4200000000 |
Retail trade | MULT | X | |
4300000000 |
Transportation and warehousing | ADD | X | |
4422000000 |
Utilities | MULT | X | |
5000000000 |
Information | MULT | X | |
5552000000 |
Finance and insurance | MULT | X | |
5553000000 |
Real estate and rental and leasing | MULT | X | |
6054000000 |
Professional and technical services | ADD | X | |
6055000000 |
Management of companies and enterprises | ADD | X | |
6056000000 |
Administrative and waste services | ADD | X | |
6561000000 |
Educational services | ADD | X | |
6562000000 |
Health care and social assistance | ADD | X | |
7071000000 |
Arts, entertainment, and recreation | MULT | X | |
7072000000 |
Accommodation and food services | MULT | X | |
8000000000 |
Other services | MULT | X | |
9091000000 |
Federal | MULT | X | |
9092000000 |
State government | ADD | X | |
9093000000 |
Local government | ADD | X | Election adjustment(3) |
(1) Seasonal adjustment occurs at the lowest available industry level.
(2) Residential and nonresidential specialty trade estimates are raked to the specialty trade estimates to ensure consistency.
(3) Special adjustment for the presence/absence of poll workers in local government.
Last Modified Date: February 3, 2012
calculators
- Inflation
- Location Quotient
- Injury And Illness