Documents Reviewed
The documents below were reviewed for Quality of Research. The research point of
contact can provide information regarding the studies reviewed and the availability
of additional materials, including those from more recent studies that may have been conducted.
Study 1
Monti, P. M., Rohsenow, D. J., Michalec, E., Martin, R. A., & Abrams, D. B. (1997). Brief coping skills treatment for cocaine abuse: Substance use outcomes at three months. Addiction, 92(12), 1717-1728. 
Rohsenow, D. J., Monti, P. M., Martin, R. A., Michalec, E., & Abrams, D. B. (2000). Brief coping skills treatment for cocaine abuse: 12-month substance use outcomes. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 68(3), 515-520.
Study 2
Rohsenow, D. J., Monti, P. M., Martin, R. A., Colby, S. M., Myers, M. G., Gulliver, S. B., et al. (2004). Motivational enhancement and coping skills training for cocaine abusers: Effects on substance use outcomes. Addiction, 99(7), 862-874.
Supplementary Materials
Rohsenow, D. J. (2001, August). Cocaine relapses: Categories of relapse situations. Presented at the annual meeting of the New Zealand Psychological Society, Auckland, New Zealand.
Rohsenow, D. J., Martin, R. A., & Monti, P. M. (2005). Urge-specific and lifestyle coping strategies of cocaine abusers: Relationships to treatment outcomes. Drug and Alcohol Dependence, 78(2), 211-219.
Rohsenow, D. J., & Monti, P. M. (2001). Relapse among cocaine abusers: Theoretical, methodological, and treatment considerations. In F. M. Tims, C. G. Leukefeld, & J. J. Platt (Eds.), Relapse and recovery in addictions (pp. 355-378). New Haven, CT: Yale University Press.
Varney, S. M., Rohsenow, D. J., Dey, A. N., Myers, M. G., Zwick, W. R., & Monti, P. M. (1995). Factors associated with help seeking and perceived dependence among cocaine users. American Journal on Drug and Alcohol Abuse, 21(1), 81-91.
Outcomes
| Outcome 1: Number of cocaine use days |
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Description of Measures
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The Timeline Followback structured interview was administered to assess the number of days on which cocaine was used, with urine drug screens to identify false reporters.
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Key Findings
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In one study, CST participants reported significantly fewer days of cocaine use at the 3-month (p < .01) and 6-month (p < .02) follow-up than participants in the comparison group, who received meditation and relaxation therapy. The number of days of cocaine use did not differ significantly between the two groups at the 9- and 12-month follow-up.
In another study, women who received CST used cocaine on fewer days the year after the intervention than women from the comparison group, who received drug education (p < .02). Women who received CST also used cocaine on fewer days than men who received CST (p < .001).
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Studies Measuring Outcome
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Study 1, Study 2
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Study Designs
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Experimental
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Quality of Research Rating
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3.2
(0.0-4.0 scale)
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| Outcome 2: Maximum number of cocaine use days in a row |
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Description of Measures
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The Timeline Followback structured interview was administered to assess the maximum number of consecutive days on which cocaine was used.
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Key Findings
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At the 3-month follow-up, the maximum number of cocaine use days in a row was significantly lower among CST participants than among participants from the comparison group, who received meditation and relaxation training (p < .02).
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Studies Measuring Outcome
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Study 1
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Study Designs
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Experimental
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Quality of Research Rating
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3.2
(0.0-4.0 scale)
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| Outcome 3: Relapse to cocaine use |
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Description of Measures
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The Timeline Followback structured interview was administered to assess participants' relapse to cocaine use, with urine drug screens to identify false reporters.
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Key Findings
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At the 3-month follow-up, women who received CST were less likely to report relapse to cocaine use than women from the comparison group, who received drug education (p < .02). These groups did not differ significantly on relapse at the 6-, 9-, and 12-month follow-up.
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Studies Measuring Outcome
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Study 2
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Study Designs
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Experimental
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Quality of Research Rating
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3.2
(0.0-4.0 scale)
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| Outcome 4: Alcohol use |
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Description of Measures
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The Timeline Followback structured interview was administered to assess the number of days on which alcohol was used. A family member or friend was interviewed in addition to the participant.
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Key Findings
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Women who received CST drank less alcohol the year after the intervention than women from the comparison group, who received drug education (p < .01). Women who received CST also drank less alcohol the year after the intervention than men who received CST (p < .03).
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Studies Measuring Outcome
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Study 2
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Study Designs
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Experimental
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Quality of Research Rating
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3.2
(0.0-4.0 scale)
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Study Populations
The following populations were identified in the studies reviewed for Quality of
Research.
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Study
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Age
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Gender
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Race/Ethnicity
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Study 1
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18-25 (Young adult)
26-55 (Adult)
55+ (Older adult)
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69% Male
31% Female
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86% White
8% Black or African American
4% Hispanic or Latino
1% American Indian or Alaska Native
1% Asian
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Study 2
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26-55 (Adult)
55+ (Older adult)
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68% Male
32% Female
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88% White
11% Black or African American
1% Asian
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Quality of Research Ratings by Criteria (0.0-4.0 scale)
External reviewers independently evaluate the Quality of Research for an intervention's
reported results using six criteria:
For more information about these criteria and the meaning of the ratings, see Quality of Research.
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Outcome
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Reliability
of Measures
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Validity
of Measures
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Fidelity
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Missing
Data/Attrition
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Confounding
Variables
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Data
Analysis
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Overall
Rating
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1: Number of cocaine use days
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3.5
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3.5
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2.5
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3.0
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3.0
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3.5
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3.2
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2: Maximum number of cocaine use days in a row
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3.5
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3.5
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2.5
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3.0
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3.0
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3.5
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3.2
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3: Relapse to cocaine use
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3.5
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3.5
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2.5
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3.0
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3.0
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3.5
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3.2
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4: Alcohol use
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3.5
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3.5
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2.5
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3.0
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3.0
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3.5
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3.2
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Study Strengths
The studies used the Timeline Followback interview developed by Sobell and Sobell, which has well-documented reliability. Researchers followed procedures recommended by the instrument's authors for maximizing the validity of self-reports (e.g., assuring participants that no family member, legal authority, or treatment staff would have access to the data; using a nonjudgmental interviewing style; using different staff members for assessment and treatment). Analyses adequately addressed attrition, missing data, and confounding variables.
Study Weaknesses
Intervention fidelity was insufficiently documented. Researchers provided limited information on the training and certification of psychologists who conducted the program. They also did not indicate whether they taped the sessions or used fidelity measures or an independent rating of adherence or competence.
