Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration, Office of Applied Studies. Treatment Episode Data Set (TEDS) Highlights - - 2006 National Admissions to Substance Abuse Treatment Services. OAS Series #S-40, DHHS Publication No. (SMA) 08-4313, Rockville, MD, 2007.

Table of Contents (TOC)

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Title Page and Acknowledgments

Press Release

Highlights

Tables

1.   Admissions by primary substance of abuse: TEDS 1996-2006. 

• Table 1a:  Number
• Table 1b:  Percent distribution

2.   Admissions by gender, race/ethnicity, age at admission, and primary substance of abuse: TEDS 2006.

• Table 2a: Admissions by primary substance of abuse according to gender, race/ethnicity, and age at admission Column percent distribution and average age at admission

• Table 2b: Admissions by gender, race/ethnicity, and age at admission according to primary substance of abuse:   Row percent distribution

3.   Admissions by primary substance of abuse, according to frequency of use, route of administration, age at first use, and number of prior treatment episodes: TEDS 2006. (Percent distribution)

4.   Admissions by primary substance of abuse, according to type of service, source of referral to treatment, and opioid replacement therapy: TEDS 2006.  (Percent distribution)

5.   Admissions by primary substance of abuse, according to employment status (aged 16 and over) and education (aged 18 and over): TEDS 2006.  (Percent distribution)

6.   Admissions by State or jurisdiction, according to primary substance of abuse: TEDS 2006.

• Table 6a:  Number
• Table 6b:  Percent distribution

Appendix: TEDS Minimum Data Set

Highlights

This report presents summary results from the Treatment Episode Data Set (TEDS) for 2006. The report provides information on the demographic and substance abuse characteristics of the 1.8 million annual admissions to treatment for abuse of alcohol and drugs in facilities that report to individual State administrative data systems [Table 1a].

This summary report is issued in advance of the full TEDS report for 1996-2006. It includes demographic data and all items from the TEDS Minimum Data Set. The full report also will include data from the Supplemental Data Set, State data, and State rates.

TEDS is an admission-based system, and TEDS admissions do not represent individuals. Thus, for example, an individual admitted to treatment twice within a calendar year would be counted as two admissions.

TEDS does not include all admissions to substance abuse treatment. It includes admissions to facilities that are licensed or certified by the State substance abuse agency to provide substance abuse treatment (or are administratively tracked by the agency for other reasons). In general, facilities reporting TEDS data are those that receive State alcohol and/or drug agency funds (including Federal Block Grant funds) for the provision of alcohol and/or drug treatment services.

Major Substances of Abuse

• Five substances accounted for 96 percent of all TEDS admissions in 2006: alcohol (40 percent); opiates (18 percent; primarily heroin); marijuana/hashish (16 percent); cocaine (14 percent); and stimulants (9 percent, primarily methamphetamine) [Table 1b].
  

Alcohol

• Alcohol as a primary substance accounted for 40 percent of TEDS admissions in 2006, down from 51 percent in 1996. Forty-five percent of primary alcohol admissions reported secondary drug abuse as well [Tables 1a and 1b].
• About three-quarters of admissions for abuse of alcohol alone and for abuse of alcohol with secondary drug abuse were male (75 percent and 74 percent, respectively) [Table 2a].
• More than two-thirds (69 percent) of all alcohol-only admissions were non- Hispanic White, 13 percent were of Hispanic origin, and 11 percent were non-Hispanic Black. Among admissions for alcohol with secondary drug abuse, 60 percent were nonHispanic White, followed by 24 percent who were nonHispanic Black and 11 percent who were of Hispanic origin [Table 2a].
• For alcohol-only admissions, the average age at admission was 39 years, compared with 35 years among admissions for primary alcohol with secondary drug abuse [Table 2a].

Heroin

• Heroin as a primary substance increased from 14 percent of all TEDS admissions in 1996 to 16 percent in 2001, then declined to 14 percent in 2006 [Table 1b].
• About two-thirds (68 percent ) of primary heroin admissions were male [Table 2a].
• More than half (52 percent) of primary heroin admissions were nonHispanic White, followed by 24 percent who were of Hispanic origin and 22 percent who were nonHispanic Black [Table 2a].
• For primary heroin admissions, the average age at admission was 36 years [Table 2a].
• Sixty-four percent of primary heroin admissions reported injection as the route of administration, 32 percent reported inhalation, and 2 percent reported smoking [Table 3].
  

Other Opiates¹

• TEDS admissions for primary abuse of opiates other than heroin increased from 1 percent of all admissions in 1996 to 4 percent in 2006 [Table 1b].
• Just over half (54 percent) of primary non-heroin opiate admissions were male [Table 2a].
• Most primary non-heroin opiate admissions (88 percent) were nonHispanic White [Table 2a].
• For primary non-heroin opiate admissions, the average age at admission was 33 years [Table 2a].
• Almost three-quarters (72 percent) of primary non-heroin opiate admissions reported oral as the route of administration, 14 percent reported inhalation, and 11 percent reported injection [Table 3].
  

Cocaine/Crack

• The proportion of admissions for primary cocaine abuse declined from 16 percent in 1996 to 13 percent in 2001 and 2002, then increased slightly to 14 percent in 2004 through 2006 [Table 1b].
• Smoked cocaine (crack) represented 71 percent of all primary cocaine admissions in 2006 [Tables 1a and 1b].
• Fifty-eight percent of primary smoked cocaine admissions were male, compared with 65 percent of non-smoked cocaine admissions [Table 2a].
• Among primary smoked cocaine admissions, 49 percent were nonHispanic Black, 41 percent were nonHispanic White, and 8 percent were of Hispanic origin. nonHispanic Whites predominated (54 percent) among primary non-smoked cocaine admissions, followed by nonHispanic Blacks (25 percent) and persons of Hispanic origin (18 percent) [Table 2a].
• For primary smoked cocaine admissions, the average age at admission was 38 years, compared with 33 years for non-smoked cocaine admissions [Table 2a].
• Among primary non-smoked cocaine admissions, 80 percent reported inhalation as the route of administration, 11 percent reported injection, and 7 percent reported oral [Table 3].
  

Marijuana/Hashish

• The proportion of admissions for primary marijuana abuse increased from 12 percent in 1996 to 16 percent in 2004 through 2006 [Table 1b].
• Nearly three-quarters (74 percent) of primary marijuana admissions were male [Table 2a].
• Over half (52 percent) of primary marijuana admissions were nonHispanic White, followed by 29 percent who were nonHispanic Black and 14 percent who were of Hispanic origin [Table 2a].
• For primary marijuana admissions, the average age at admission was 24 years [Table 2a].
  

Methamphetamine/Amphetamine and Other Stimulants

• The proportion of admissions for abuse of methamphetamine/amphetamine and other stimulants increased from 3 percent to 9 percent between 1996 and 2006 [Table 1b].
• Fifty-four percent of primary methamphetamine/amphetamine admissions were male [Table 2a].
• Two-thirds (68 percent) of primary methamphetamine/amphetamine admissions were nonHispanic White, followed by 19 percent who were of Hispanic origin and 3 percent each who were Asian/Pacific Islander or nonHispanic Black [Table 2a].
• For primary methamphetamine/amphetamine admissions, the average age at admission was 31 years [Table 2a].
• Sixty-five percent of primary methamphetamine/amphetamine admissions reported smoking as the route of administration, 18 percent reported injection, and 11 percent reported inhalation [Table 3].
  

Race/Ethnicity

Among all racial/ethnic groups except Hispanics of Puerto Rican origin, primary alcohol use (alone or in combination with other drugs) was the most frequently reported substance at treatment admission. However, the proportion reporting use of the next four most common substances (opiates, marijuana, cocaine, and stimulants) varied considerably by racial/ethnic group.

• Among nonHispanic Whites, alcohol (43 percent) was followed by opiates (18 percent), marijuana (14 percent), and cocaine and stimulants (10 percent each) [Table 2b].
• Among nonHispanic Blacks, alcohol (31 percent) was followed by cocaine (27 percent), marijuana (22 percent), and opiates (15 percent). Only 1 percent reported stimulants as a primary substance [Table 2b].
• Among persons of Mexican origin, alcohol (36 percent) was followed by stimulants (22 percent), marijuana (18 percent), opiates (14 percent), and cocaine (9 percent) [Table 2b].
• Among persons of Puerto Rican origin, opiates (46 percent) were the most frequently reported substance at admission, followed by alcohol (25 percent), and marijuana and cocaine (13 percent each). Only one percent reported stimulants as a primary substance [Table 2b].
• Among persons of Cuban origin, alcohol (35 percent) was followed by opiates (31 percent), cocaine (16 percent), marijuana (10 percent), and stimulants (3 percent) [Table 2b].
• Among Alaska Natives, alcohol (47 percent) was followed by opiates (21 percent), marijuana (11 percent), cocaine (10 percent), and stimulants (9 percent) [Table 2b].
• Among American Indians, alcohol (64 percent) was followed by marijuana (13 percent), stimulants (10 percent), opiates (6 percent), and cocaine (5 percent) [Table 2b].
• Among Asians/Pacific Islanders, alcohol (33 percent) was followed by stimulants (27 percent), marijuana (20 percent), and opiates and cocaine (9 percent each) [Table 2b].
  

Type of Service

• Sixty-three percent of TEDS admissions in 2006 entered ambulatory treatment, 20 percent entered detoxification, and 17 percent entered residential/rehabilitation treatment [Table 4].
• Admissions for primary marijuana abuse had the largest proportion of admissions to ambulatory treatment (84 percent). Admissions for inhalant abuse had the next largest proportion admitted to ambulatory treatment (70 percent) [Table 4].
• Primary heroin admissions, tranquilizer admissions, and admissions for abuse of alcohol alone had the largest proportions of admissions to detoxification (34 percent for heroin, and 30 percent each for tranquilizers and alcohol alone) [Table 4].
• Admissions for primary smoked cocaine had the largest proportion of admissions to residential/rehabilitation treatment (30 percent), followed by admissions for PCP (27 percent), hallucinogens (26 percent), methamphetamine/amphetamines (25 percent), and non-smoked cocaine (24 percent) [Table 4].
  

Opioid Replacement Therapy

• Overall, opioid replacement therapy (medication-assisted therapy with methadone or buprenorphine) was planned for 5 percent of TEDS admissions in 2006. Opioid replacement therapy was planned for 29 percent of primary heroin admissions and for 21 percent of admissions for opiates other than heroin [Table 4].

Source of Referral to Treatment

• In 2006, more than one-third (38 percent) of TEDS admissions were referred to treatment through the criminal justice system. Primary marijuana and PCP admissions had the largest proportion of admissions referred through the criminal justice system (58 percent each), followed by methamphetamine/amphetamine (55 percent) [Table 4].
• One-third (33 percent) of TEDS admissions in 2006 represented self- or individual referrals. Primary heroin admissions had the largest proportion of self- or individual referrals (59 percent), followed by admissions for opiates other than heroin (52 percent) [Table 4].
  

Employment Status

• In 2006, admissions for alcohol only were the most likely to be employed (43 percent). The proportion employed was lowest (16 percent) among admissions for smoked cocaine. The proportion not in the labor force was highest (49 percent) among admissions for heroin and lowest (29 percent) among admissions for abuse of alcohol only [Table 5].
  

Educational Level

• In 2006, educational level was highest (more than 12 years of education) among admissions for sedatives (34 percent) followed by admissions for alcohol only (31 percent) [Table 5].

¹ These drugs include codeine, hydrocodone, hydromorphone, meperidine, morphine, opium, oxycodone, pentazocine, propoxyphene, tramadol, and any other drug with morphine-like effects. Non-prescription use of methadone is not included.

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