The National Survey of Substance Abuse Treatment Services (N-SSATS) is an annual survey of all known facilities in the United States, both public and private, that provide substance abuse treatment. In 2004, a total of 13,454 facilities responded to N-SSATS. Of those, 206 served the American Indian/Alaska Native (AI/AN) population specifically, being operated either by a Tribal Government (172) or by the Indian Health Service (34). Another 77 facilities offered substance abuse treatment services in an AI/AN language but were operated by another type of organization (16 private-for-profit, 50 private-non-profit) or level of government (1 State Government; 6 local, county, or community government; 4 non-specified Federal Government). For the purpose of this report, these 283 facilities will be referred to as AI/AN facilities; all other facilities will be considered “other” facilities.
Focus of Facility
The majority of facilities (AI/AN and other) had a primary focus on substance abuse treatment (55 and 62 percent, respectively). The second most common focus for facilities was a mix of mental health and substance abuse treatment (37 percent for AI/AN and 26 percent for other facilities).
Special Programs
Only 10 (4 percent) of the AI/AN facilities offered an Opioid Treatment Program (OTP).1 Of those, seven were offered by privately operated facilities, two were offered by facilities operated by a Tribal Government, and one was offered by a facility operated by the Federal Government (non-specified). Among other facilities, 8 percent offered an OTP.
AI/AN facilities were slightly more likely than other facilities to offer specially designed programs or groups for adolescents, pregnant or postpartum women, women, men, seniors or older adults, and Driving Under the Influence/Driving While Intoxicated (DUI/DWI) clients (Figure 1). Other facilities were slightly more likely than AI/AN facilities to offer special programs for criminal justice clients, clients with co-occurring mental and substance abuse disorders, and clients with HIV/AIDS.
| Figure 1. Percent of Facilities Offering Specially Designed Programs or Groups for Specific Client Types, by Facility Type: 2004 |
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| Source: 2004 SAMHSA National Survey of Substance Abuse Treatment Services (N-SSATS). |
Services Offered
AI/AN facilities were more likely than other facilities to offer some services including aftercare counseling (91 vs. 78 percent) and family counseling (85 vs. 76 percent) (Figure 2). Percentages of facilities offering other types of counseling (individual, group, and relapse prevention) were similar.
AI/AN facilities were less likely than other facilities to offer breathalyzer or other blood alcohol testing (33 vs. 54 percent) and drug or alcohol urine screening (68 vs. 81 percent). However, AI/AN facilities were more likely than other facilities to offer testing for sexually transmitted diseases (30 vs. 22 percent), Hepatitis B (31 vs. 23 percent), and Hepatitis C (31 vs. 24 percent).
AI/AN facilities were more likely than other facilities to offer case management services (82 vs. 69 percent), domestic violence—family or partner violence services (52 vs. 32 percent), outcome follow-up after discharge (72 vs. 54 percent), transportation assistance to treatment (68 vs. 34 percent), assistance with obtaining social services (e.g., Medicaid; the Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children; Supplemental Security Income; etc.) (68 vs. 54 percent), and acupuncture (9 vs. 4 percent).
| Figure 2. Percent of Facilities Offering Specific Services, by Facility Type: 2004 |
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| Source: 2004 SAMHSA National Survey of Substance Abuse Treatment Services (N-SSATS). |
Types of Care
The majority of facilities offered outpatient care (89 percent of AI/AN facilities and 80 percent of other facilities).2 The most prevalent type of outpatient care was regular outpatient treatment with 86 percent of AI/AN facilities and 71 percent of other facilities offering this type of treatment. Percentages of facilities offering hospital inpatient or non-hospital residential care were similar.
Types of Payment Accepted
AI/AN facilities were more likely than other facilities to have offered free care, free either to some clients (80 vs. 54 percent) or to all clients (22 vs. 4 percent) (Figure 3). AI/AN facilities were less likely than other facilities to accept either cash or self payment (54 vs. 92 percent) or private health insurance (59 vs. 69 percent).
| Figure 3. Percent of Facilities Accepting Specific Types of Payment, by Facility Type: 2004 |
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| Source: 2004 SAMHSA National Survey of Substance Abuse Treatment Services (N-SSATS). |
Location of Facilities
Thirty-two states had at least one AI/AN facility (Table 1). The states with more than 10 AI/AN facilities were mostly in the Midwest and West: Arizona (36), New Mexico (30), California (26), Washington (24), Oklahoma (23), Alaska (21), Wisconsin (16), Michigan (15), and Oregon (12).3
| Table 1. Location and Number of AI/AN Treatment Facilities, by State: 2004 |
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AI/AN Facility |
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State |
Number |
State |
Number |
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Alaska |
21 |
North Carolina |
3 |
|
Arizona |
36 |
North Dakota |
4 |
|
California |
26 |
Nebraska |
7 |
|
Colorado |
2 |
New Mexico |
30 |
|
Connecticut |
1 |
Nevada |
6 |
|
Hawaii |
1 |
New York |
6 |
|
Iowa |
1 |
Ohio |
4 |
|
Idaho |
5 |
Oklahoma |
23 |
|
Kansas |
2 |
Oregon |
12 |
|
Louisiana |
2 |
Pennsylvania |
1 |
|
Maine |
4 |
South Dakota |
5 |
|
Massachusetts |
1 |
Texas |
1 |
|
Michigan |
15 |
Utah |
7 |
|
Minnesota |
8 |
Virginia |
1 |
|
Missouri |
1 |
Washington |
24 |
|
Montana |
7 |
Wisconsin |
16 |
|
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| Source: 2004 SAMHSA National Survey of Substance Abuse Treatment Services (N-SSATS). |
End Notes
1 Opioid Treatment Programs (OTPs) are certified by the Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration. Certified OTPs use specific medications (i.e., methadone and buprenorphine) in the treatment of addiction to opiates such as heroin, oxycodone, or hydrocodone.
2 The types of care are outpatient, non-hospital residential, and hospital inpatient. Outpatient care includes outpatient detoxification, outpatient methadone maintenance, outpatient day treatment or partial hospitalization (20 or more hours per week), intensive outpatient treatment (a minimum of 2 hours per day on 3 or more days per week), and regular outpatient treatment (fewer hours per week than intensive). Non-hospital residential care includes residential detoxification, residential short-term treatment (30 days or less), and residential long-term treatment (more than 30 days). Hospital inpatient care includes inpatient detoxification and inpatient treatment.
3 The Northeast region of the United States is composed of nine States: CT, ME, MA, NJ, NY, NH, PA, RI, and VT. The Midwest region of the United States is composed of 12 States: IL, IN, IA, KS, MI, MN, MO, NE, ND, OH, SD, and WI. The West region of the United States is composed of 13 States: AK, AZ, CA, CO, HI, ID, MT, NV, NM, OR, UT, WA, and WY. The South region of the United States is composed of 17 States: AL, AR, DC, DE, GA, FL, KY, LA, MD, MS, NC, OK, SC, TN, TX, VA, and WV.
The Drug and Alcohol Services Information System (DASIS) is an integrated data system maintained by the Office of Applied Studies, Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA). One component of DASIS is the National Survey of Substance Abuse Treatment Services (N-SSATS), an annual survey of all facilities in the United States, both public and private, that provide substance abuse treatment. N-SSATS was formerly known as the Uniform Facility Data Set (UFDS).
The DASIS Report is prepared by the Office of Applied Studies, SAMHSA; Synectics for Management Decisions, Inc., Arlington, Virginia; and by RTI International in Research Triangle Park, North Carolina (RTI International is a trade name of Research Triangle Institute).
Information and data for this report are based on data reported to N-SSATS for the survey reference date March 31, 2004.
Access the latest TEDS reports at:
http://www.oas.samhsa.gov/dasis.htm
Access the latest TEDS public use files at:
http://www.oas.samhsa.gov/SAMHDA.htm
Other substance abuse reports are available at:
http://www.oas.samhsa.gov
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| The DASIS Report is published periodically by the Office of Applied Studies, Substance Abuse
and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA).
All material appearing in this report is in the public domain and may be reproduced or copied without permission from SAMHSA. Additional copies of this report or other reports from the Office of Applied Studies are available on-line: http://www.oas.samhsa.gov. Citation of the source is appreciated. For questions about this report please e-mail: shortreports@samhsa.hhs.gov
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This page was last updated on May 16, 2008.
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