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Light-Duty Automotive Technology, Carbon Dioxide Emissions, and Fuel Economy Trends: 1975 Through 2011
This report provides data on the fuel economy, carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions, and technology trends of new light-duty vehicles (cars, minivans, sport utility vehicles, and pickup trucks) for model years 1975 through 2011 in the United States. For model year 2010, the last year for which EPA has final data, EPA projects average real-world CO2 emissions to be 394 grams per mile and fuel economy to be 22.6 miles per gallon (the fuel economy values in this report are those that EPA provides to consumers, and are lower than the fuel economy values used for compliance with CAFE standards). CO2 emissions and fuel economy are at their most favorable levels since the EPA database began in 1975, and are slightly better than the previous best year of 2009. Preliminary values for model year 2011 suggest a slight improvement to 391 grams CO2 per mile and 22.8 mpg, but there is uncertainty in the 2011 values as they are based on automaker projections provided to EPA in 2010. Average CO2 emissions and fuel economy have improved each year beginning in 2005, and are about 15 percent better than in 2004. This reverses a long-term trend of worsening CO2 emissions and fuel economy from 1987 through 2004.
NOTE: You will need Adobe Acrobat Reader, available as a free download, to view most of the files on this page. See EPA's PDF page to learn more about PDF, and for a link to the free Acrobat Reader.
The report was updated on March 30, 2012 to include a small number of additional MY 2009 vehicles, which did not change the industry-wide MY 2009 results for CO2 emissions and fuel economy but did result in a few other minor changes in the MY 2009 results.
Executive Summary
Light-Duty Automotive Technology, Carbon Dioxide Emissions, and Fuel Economy Trends: 1975 Through 2011 -- Executive Summary (PDF) (12 pp, 260K, EPA-420-S-12-001a, March 2012) | Executive Summary Tables (Excel) (34K)
Full 2011 Report
Light-Duty Automotive Technology, Carbon Dioxide Emissions, and Fuel Economy Trends: 1975 Through 2011 (PDF) (102 pp, 1.90MB, EPA-420-R-12-001a, March 2012) The full report includes the executive summary but does not include the appendices. Full Report Tables (Excel) (280K)
Appendices to the Report
List of Appendices (PDF) (1 pp, 14K)
APPENDIX A: Database Details and Calculation Methods (PDF) (19 pp, 305K, EPA-420-R-12-001a, March 2012)
APPENDIX B: Model Year 2011 Nameplate Fuel Economy Listings (Excel) (126K)
APPENDIX C: Fuel Economy Distribution Data (Excel) (135K)
APPENDIX D: Fuel Economy Data Stratified by Vehicle Type (Excel) (144K)
APPENDIX E: Fuel Economy Data Stratified by Vehicle Type and Size (Excel) (235K)
APPENDIX F: Car Fuel Economy Data Stratified by EPA Car Class (Excel) (164K)
APPENDIX G: Fuel Economy Data Stratified by Vehicle Type and Weight Class (Excel) (156K)
APPENDIX H: Fuel Economy Data Stratified by Vehicle Type and Drive Type (Excel) (444K)
APPENDIX I: Fuel Economy Data Stratified by Vehicle Type and Transmission Type (Excel) (444K)
APPENDIX J: Fuel Economy Data Stratified by Vehicle Type and Cylinder Count (Excel) (248K)
APPENDIX K: Fuel Economy Data Stratified by Vehicle Type, Engine Type, and Valves Per Cylinder (Excel) (185K)
APPENDIX L: Fuel Economy Data Stratified by Vehicle Type and Manufacturer (Excel) (342K)
APPENDIX M: Fuel Economy by Manufacturer, Vehicle Type, and Weight Class (Excel) (565K)
APPENDIX N: Fuel Economy and Ton-MPG by Manufacturer, Vehicle Type, and Size (Excel) (208K)
APPENDIX O: Model Year 2011 Fuel Economy by Vehicle Type, Weight, and Manufacturer (Excel) (51K)
APPENDIX P: Fuel Economy Data Stratified by Manufacturer and Vehicle Type (Excel) (1.30MB)
Full 2010 Report
The 2011 report, available above, supersedes all previous versions of the report. The full 2010 report is available for reference only.
For More Information
Please contact Aaron Hula at 734-214-4267, hula.aaron@epa.gov, or:
Office of Transportation and Air Quality
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
2000 Traverwood Dr.
Ann Arbor, MI 48105