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Research Publications

The Viral Special Pathogens Branch conducts a variety of research projects on viral hemorrhagic fevers and other emerging diseases, leading to publications in many different scientific journals. In addition, the branch sponsors or cosponsors conferences and seminars that address various aspects of viral hemorrhagic and emerging diseases.

Featured here are recent articles that have appeared in journals, textbooks and other publications.

Please note: The list below is not comprehensive.

Crimean-Congo Hemorrhagic Fever

• Williams R, Al-Busaidy S, Mehta F, Maupin G, Wagoner K, Al-Awaidy S, Suleiman AJM, Khan AS, Peters CJ, Ksaizek TG. Crimean-Congo haemorrhagic fever: A seroepidemiological and tick survey in the Sultanate of Oman. Tropical Medicine and International Health. 2000; 5: 99-106.

Ebola Hemorrhagic Fever

• Bausch DG. The Ebola virus...and the challenges to health research in Africa. United Nations Chronicle. 2001; 38(2):6-13.
• Busico KM, Marshall KL, Ksiazek TG, Roels TH, Fleerackers Y, Feldmann H, Khan AS, Peters CJ. Prevalence of IgG Antibodies to Ebola Virus in Individuals during an Ebola Outbreak, Democratic Republic of the Congo, 1995. The Journal of Infectious Diseases. 1999; 179(Supp. 1):S102-S107.
• Bwaka MA, Bonnet MJ, Calain P, Colebunders R , De Roo A, Guimard Y, Katwiki K R, Kibadi K, Kipasa MA, Kuvula KJ, Mapanda BB, Massamba M, Mupapa KD, Muyembe-Tamfum JJ, Ndaberey E, Peters CJ, Rollin PE, Van den Enden E. Ebola Hemorrhagic Fever in Kikwit, Democratic Republic of the Congo: Clinical Observations in 103 Patients The Journal of Infectious Diseases. 1999; 179 (Supp. 1): S1-S7.
• CDC, Outbreak of Ebola Hemorrhagic fever- Uganda, August 2000-January 2001. MMWR 2001;50(5):73-6.
• Dowell SF, Mukunu R, Ksiazek TG, Khan AS, Rollin PE, Peters CJ, for the Commission de Lutte contre les Epidémies à Kikwit. Transmission of Ebola Hemorrhagic Fever: A Study of Risk Factors in Family Members, Kikwit, Democratic Republic of the Congo, 1995. The Journal of Infectious Diseases. 1999; 179 (Supp. 1): S87-S91.
• Gupta M, Mahanty S, Ahmed R, Rollin PE. Cellular immune response in acute infection with Ebola virus. FASEB Journal. 2001; 15(4):A308.
• Gupta M, Manhanty S, Ahmed S, Rollin P. Monocyte-derived human macrophages and peripheral blood mononuclear cells infected with ebola virus secrete MIP-1alpha and TNF-alpha and inhibit poly-IC-induced IFN-alpha in vitro. Virology. 2001; 284(1): 20-5.
• Gupta, M, Mahanty, S, Bray M, Ahmed R, Rollin PE. Passive transfer of antibodies protects immunocompetent and immunodeficient mice against lethal Ebola virus infection without complete inhibition of viral replication. Journal of Virology. 2001; 75(10):4649-4654.
• Hutchinson KL, Villinger F, Miranda ME, Ksiazek TG, Peters CJ, Rollin PE. Multiplex analysis fo cytokines in the blood of cynomolgus macaques naturally infected with Ebola virus (reston serotype). Journal of Medical Virology 2001;65:561-6.
• Jahrling PB, Geisbert TW, Geisbert JB, Swearengen JR, Bray M, Jaax N, Huggins JW, LeDuc JW, Peters CJ. Evaluation of Immune Globulin and Recombinant Interferon-2b for Treatment of Experimental Ebola Virus Infections. The Journal of Infectious Diseases. 1999; 179 (Supp. 1): S224-S234.
• Kalongi Y, Mwanza K, Tshisuaka M, Lusiama N, Ntando E, Kanzake L, Shieh WJ, Zaki SR, Lloyd ES, Ksiazek TG, Rollin PE. Isolated Case of Ebola Hemorrhagic Fever with Mucormycosis Complications, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo. The Journal of Infectious Diseases 1999; 179 (Supp. 1): S15-S17.
• Khan AS, Tshioko FK, Heymann DL, Le Guenno B, Nabeth P, Kerstiëns B, Fleerackers YN, Kilmarx PH, Rodier GR, Nkuku O, Rollin PE, Sanchez A, Zaki SR, Swanepoel R, Tomori O, Nichol ST, Peters CJ, Muyembe-Tamfum JJ, Ksiazek TG, for the Commission de Lutte contre les Epidémies à Kikwit. The Reemergence of Ebola Hemorrhagic Fever, Democratic Republic of the Congo, 1995. The Journal of Infectious Diseases. 1999; 179 (Supp. 1): S76-S86.
• Ksiazek TG, Rollin PE, Williams AJ, Bressler DS, Martin ML, Swanepoel R, Burt FJ, Leman PA, Khan AS, Rowe AK, Mukunu R, Sanchez A, Peters CJ. Clinical Virology of Ebola Hemorrhagic Fever (EHF): Virus, Virus Antigen, and IgG and IgM Antibody Findings among EHF Patients in Kikwit, Democratic Republic of the Congo, 1995. The Journal of Infectious Diseases 1999; 179(Supp. 1): S177-S187.
• Ksiazek TG, West CP, Rollin PE, Jahrling PB, Peters CJ. ELISA for the Detection of Antibodies to Ebola Viruses. The Journal of Infectious Diseases. 1999; 179(Supp. 1): S192-S198.
• Leirs H, Mills JN, Krebs JW, Childs JE, Akaibe D, Woollen N, Ludwig G, Peters CJ, Ksiazek TG et al. Search for the Ebola Virus Reservoir in Kikwit, Democratic Republic of the Congo: Reflections on a Vertebrate Collection. The Journal of Infectious Diseases. 1999; 179 (Supp. 1): S155-163.
• Lloyd ES, Zaki SR, Rollin PE, Tshioko K, Bwaka MA, Ksiazek TG, Calain P, Shieh WJ, Kondé MK, Verchueren E, Perry HN, Manguindula L, Kabwau J, Ndambi R, Peters CJ. Long-Term Disease Surveillance in Bandundu Region, Democratic Republic of the Congo: A Model for Early Detection and Prevention of Ebola Hemorrhagic Fever. The Journal of Infectious Diseases. 1999; 179 (Supp. 1): S274-S280.
• Maruyama T, Parren PWHI, Sanchez A, Rensink I, Rodriguez LL, Khan AS, Peters CJ, Burton DR. Recombinant Human Monoclonal Antibodies to Ebola Virus. The Journal of Infectious Diseases. 1999; 179 (Supp. 1): S235-S239.
• Miranda ME, Ksiazek TG, Retuya TJ, Khan AS, Sanchez A, Fulhorst CF, Rollin PE, Calaor AB, Manalo DL, Roces MC, Dayrit MM, Peters CJ. Epidemiology of Ebola (Subtype Reston) Virus in the Philippines, 1996. The Journal of Infectious Diseases. 1999; 179(Supp. 1): S115-S119.
• Peters CJ, LeDuc JW. An Introduction to Ebola: The Virus and the Disease. The Journal of Infectious Diseases. 1999; 179(Supp. 1): ix-xvi.
• Reiter P, Turell M, Coleman R, Miller B, Maupin G, Liz J, Kuehne A, Barth J, Geisbert J, Dohm D, Glick J, Pecor J, Robbins R, Jahrling P, Peters CJ, Ksiazek TG. Field Investigations of an Outbreak of Ebola Hemorrhagic Fever, Kikwit, Democratic Republic of the Congo, 1995: Arthropod Studies. The Journal of Infectious Diseases. 1999; 179 (Supp. 1): S148-S154.
• Rodriguez LL, De Roo A, Guimard Y, Trappier SG, Sanchez A, Bressler D,Williams AJ, Rowe AK, Bertolli J, Khan AS, Ksiazek TG, Peters CJ, Nichol ST. Persistence and Genetic Stability of Ebola Virus during the Outbreak in Kikwit, Democratic Republic of the Congo, 1995. The Journal of Infectious Diseases. 1999; 179 (Supp. 1): S170-S176.
• Roels TH, Bloom AS, Buffington J, Muhungu GL, MacKenzie WR, Khan AS, Ndambi R, Noah DL, Rolka HR, Peters CJ, Ksiazek TG. Ebola Hemorrhagic Fever, Kikwit, Democratic Republic of the Congo, 1995: Risk Factors for Patients without a Reported Exposure. The Journal of Infectious Diseases. 1999; 179 (Supp. 1): S92-S97.
• Rollin PE, Williams RJ, Bressler DS, Pearson S, Cottingham M ,Pucak G ,Sanchez A, Trappier SG, Peters RL, Greer PW, Zaki S, Demarcus T, Hendricks K, Kelley M, Simpson D, Geisbert TW, Jahrling PB, Peters CJ, Ksiazek TG. Ebola (Subtype Reston) Virus among Quarantined Nonhuman Primates Recently Imported from the Philippines to the United States. The Journal of Infectious Diseases. 1999; 179(Supp. 1): S108-S114.
• Rowe AK, Bertolli J, Khan AS, Mukunu R, Muyembe-Tamfum JJ, Bressler D, Williams AJ, Peters CJ, Rodriguez L, Feldmann H, Nichol ST, Rollin PE, Ksiazek TG, for the Commission de Lutte contre les Epidémies à Kikwit. Clinical, Virologic, and Immunologic Follow-Up of Convalescent Ebola Hemorrhagic Fever Patients and Their Household Contacts, Kikwit, Democratic Republic of the Congo. The Journal of Infectious Diseases 1999; 179 (Supp. 1): S28-S35.
• Sadek RF, Khan AS, Stevens G, Peters CJ, Ksiazek TG. Ebola Hemorrhagic Fever, Democratic Republic of the Congo, 1995: Determinants of Survival. The Journal of Infectious Diseases. 1999; 179 (Supp. 1): S24-S27.
• Sanchez A, Ksiazek TG, Rollin PE, Miranda MEG, Trappier SG, Khan AS, Peters CJ, Nichol ST. Detection and Molecular Characterization of Ebola Viruses Causing Disease in Human and Nonhuman Primates. The Journal of Infectious Diseases. 1999; 179 (Supp. 1): S164-S169.
• Sullivan NJ, Sanchez A, Rollin PE,Yang ZY, Nabel GJ. Development of a Preventative vaccine for Ebola virus infection in primates. Nature. 2000; 408(6812): 605-9.
• Tomori O, Bertolli J, Rollin PE, Fleerackers Y, Guimard Y, De Roo A, Feldmann H, Burt F, Swanepoel R, Killian S, Khan AS, Tshioko K, Bwaka M, Ndambe R, Peters CJ, Ksiazek TG. Serologic Survey among Hospital and Health Center Workers during the Ebola Hemorrhagic Fever Outbreak in Kikwit, Democratic Republic of the Congo, 1995. The Journal of Infectious Diseases. 1999; 179 (Supp. 1): S98-S101.
• Villinger F, Rollin PE, Brar SS, Chikkala NF, Winter J, Sundstrom JB, Zaki SR, Swanepoel R, Ansari AA, Peters CJ. Markedly Elevated Levels of Interferon (IFN)-, IFN-, Interleukin (IL)-2, IL-10, and Tumor Necrosis Factor- Associated with Fatal Ebola Virus Infection. The Journal of Infectious Diseases. 1999; 179 (Supp. 1): S188-S191.
• Zaki SR, Shieh WJ, Greer PW, Goldsmith CS, Ferebee T, Katshitshin J, Tshioko FK, Bwaka MA, Swanepoel R, Calain P, Khan AS, Lloyd E, Rollin PE, Ksiazek TG, Peters CJ, for the Commission de Lutte contre les Epidémies à Kikwit. A Novel Immunohistochemical Assay for the Detection of Ebola Virus in Skin: Implications for Diagnosis, Spread, and Surveillance of Ebola Hemorrhagic Fever. The Journal of Infectious Diseases. 1999; 179 (Supp. 1): S36-S47.
• World Health Organization. Ebola, Uganda (update). Weekly Epidemiological Record. 2001; 76(10):73.
• World Health Organization. Outbreak of Ebola haemorrhagic fever, Uganda, August 2000 - January 2001. Weekly Epidemiological Record. 2001; 76(6):41-6.

Hantavirus Pulmonary Syndrome

References for hantavirus pulmonary syndrome are available on CDC's Hantavirus website.

Lassa Fever

• Bausch DG, Rollin PE, Demby AH, Coulibaly M, Kanu J, Conteh AS, et al. Diagnosis and clinical virology of Lassa fever as evaluated by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, indirect fluorescent-antibody test, and virus isolation. Journal of Clinical Microbiology. 2000; 38(7): 2670-7.
• Bowen M, Rollin PE, Ksiazek TG, Hustad H, Bausch D, Demby A, et al. Genetic diversity among Lassa virus strains. Journal of Virology. 2000; 74(15):6992-7004.
• Mahanty S, Bausch DG, Thomas RL, Goba A, Bah A, Peters CJ, Rollin PE. Low levels of interleukin-8 and interferon-inducible protein-10 in serum are associated with fatal infections in acute Lassa fever. Journal of Infectious Diseases. 2001; 183(12):1713-21.

Lymphocytic Choriomeningitis

• Jahrling PB, Peters CJ. Lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus: a neglected pathogen of man. Arch Pathol Lab Med 1992;116:486-8.
• Mets MB, BAP, Barton LL, Khan AS, Ksiazek TG. Lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus: an under-diagnosed cause of congenital chorioretinitis. American Journal of Ophthalmology. 2000; 130(2): 209-15.
• Peters CJ, Buchmeier M, Rollin PE, Ksiazek TG. Arenaviruses. In: Belshe RB, ed. Textbook of Human Virology. 2nd ed. St. Louis: Mosby-Year Book, Inc. 1991:541-70.

Nipah Virus Encephalitis

• Ali R, Mounts AW, Parashar UD, Sahani M, Lye MS, Isa M, Balathevan K, Arif T, Ksiazek TG. Nipah virus among military personnel involved in pig culling during an outbreak of encephalitis in Malaysia, 1998-1999. Emerging Infectious Diseases. 2001; 7(4):759-61.
• Amal NM, Lye MS, Ksiazek TG, Kitsutani PD, Hanjeet KS, Kamaluddin MA, Ong F, Devi S, Stockton PC, Ghazali O, Zainab R, Taha MA. Risk factors for Nipah virus transmission, Port Dickson, Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia: results from a hospital-based case-control study. Southeast Asian Journal of Tropical Medicine & Public Health. Jun 2000; 31(2):301-6.
• Arjoso S, Wuryadi S, Windyaningsih C, Winoto IL, Heriyanto A, Ksiazek TG, Campbell JR, Burans JP, Corwin AL. The economic imperative of Nipah virus surveillance in Indonesia. Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene. 2001; 95(4):368-9.
• CDC, Outbreak of Hendra-like virus—Malaysia and Singapore, 1998-1999. MMWR. Apr 9, 1999; vol 48, no 3, 265-269.
• CDC, Update: Outbreak of Nipah virus-- Malaysia and Singapore, 1999. MMWR, Apr 30, 1999; vol 48, no 16, 335-7.
• Chew MH, Arguin PM, Shay DK, Goh KT, Rollin PE, Shieh WJ, Zaki SR, Rota PA, Ling AE, Ksiazek TG, Chew SK, Anderson LJ. Risk factors for Nipah virus infection among abattoir workers in Singapore. Journal of Infectious Diseases. May 2000; 181(5):1760-3.
• Chua KB, Bellini WJ, Rota PA, Harcourt BH, Tamin A, Lam SK, Ksiazek TG, Rollin PE, Zaki SR, Shieh W, Goldsmith CS, Gubler DJ, Roehrig JT, Eaton B, Gould AR, Olson J, Field H, Daniels P, Ling AE, Peters CJ, Anderson LJ, Mahy BW. Nipah virus: a recently emergent deadly paramyxovirus. Science. May 26 2000; 288(5470):1432-5.
• Chua KB, Goh KJ, Wong KT, Kamarulzaman A, Tan PS, Ksiazek TG, Zaki SR, Paul G, Lam SK, Tan CT. Fatal encephalitis due to Nipah virus among pig-farmers in Malaysia. Lancet. Oct 9, 1999; 354(9186):1257-9.
• Chua KB, Lam SK, Goh KJ, Hooi PS, Ksiazek TG, Kamarulzaman A, Olson J, Tan CT. The presence of Nipah virus in respiratory secretions and urine of patients during an outbreak of Nipah virus encephalitis in Malaysia. Journal of Infection. Jan 2001; 42(1):40-3.
• Daniels P, Ksiazek T, Eaton BT. Laboratory diagnosis of Nipah and Hendra virus infections. Microbes & Infection. Apr 2001; 3(4):289-95.
• Field H; Young P, Yob JM, Mill JN, Hall Less, Mackenzie J. The natural history of Hendra and Nipah viruses. Microbes and Infection. 2001; 3(4):307-314.
• Harcourt BH, Tamin A, Halpin K, Ksiazek TG, Rollin PE, Bellini WJ, Rota PA. Molecular characterization of the polymerase gene and genomic termini of Nipah virus. Virology. Aug 15 2001; 287(1):192-201.
• Harcourt BH, Tamin A, Ksiazek TG, Rollin PE, Anderson LJ, Bellini WJ, Rota PA. Molecular characterization of Nipah virus, a newly emergent paramyxovirus. Virology. Jun 5 2000; 271(2):334-49.
• Hooper P, Zaki S, Daniels P, Middleton, D. Comparative pathology of the diseases caused by Hendra and Nipah viruses. Microbes & Infection. Apr 2001; 3(4):315-22.
• Hyatt AD, Zaki SR, Goldsmith CS, Wise TG, Hengstberger SG . Ultrastructure of Hendra virus and Nipah virus within cultured cells and host animals. Microbes & Infection. Apr 2001; 3(4):297-306.
• Johara MY; Field H; Mohd R,A, Morrissy C, van der Heide B, Rota P, bin Adzhar A, White J Daniels P, Jamaluddin A, Ksiazek TG. Nipah Virus Infection in Bats (Order Chiroptera) in Peninsular Malaysia. Emerging Infectious Diseases. 2001; 7(3):439-441.
• Katz G, Williams RJ, Burt, MS, de Souza LTM, Pereira, LE,Mills JN, N, Suzuki, A, Ferreira IB, Souza RP, Alves VAF, Salazar BJ, Yates TL, Meyer R, Shieh WJ, Ksiazek TG, Zaki SR, Khan AS, Peters CJ. Vector Borne and Zoonotic Diseases. 2001; 1(3):181-190.
• Mounts AW, Kaur H, Parashar UD, Ksiazek TG, Cannon D, Arokiasamy JT, Anderson LJ, Lye, MS. Nipah Virus Nosocomial Study Group. A cohort study of health care workers to assess nosocomial transmissibility of Nipah virus, Malaysia, 1999. Journal of Infectious Diseases. Mar 1 2001; 183(5):810-3.
• Nichol ST, Arikawa J, Kawaoka Y. Emerging viral diseases. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. Nov 7, 2000; 97(23):12411-2.
• Parashar UD, Sunn LM, Ong F, Mounts AW, Arif MT, Ksiazek TG, Kamaluddin MA, Mustafa AN, Kaur H, Ding LM, Othman G, Radzi HM, Kitsutani PT, Stockton PC, Arokiasamy J, Gary HE, Jr, Anderson LJ. Case-control study of risk factors for human infection with a new zoonotic paramyxovirus, Nipah virus, during a 1998-1999 outbreak of severe encephalitis in Malaysia. Journal of Infectious Diseases. May 2000; 181(5):1755-9.
• Paton NI, Leo YS, Zaki SR, Auchus AP, Lee KE, Ling AE, Chew SK, Ang B, Rollin PE, Umapathi T, Sng I, Lee CC, Lim E, Ksiazek TG. Outbreak of Nipah-virus infection among abattoir workers in Singapore. Lancet. Oct 9 1999; 354(9186):1253-6.
• Sahani M, Parashar UD, Ali R, Das, P, Lye MS, Isa MM, Arif MT, Ksiazek TG, Sivamoorthy, M. Nipah virus infection among abattoir workers in Malaysia, 1998-1999. International Journal of Epidemiology. 2001; 30(5):1017-1020.
• Yob JM, Field H, Rashdi AM, Morrissy C, Van der Heide B, Rota P, bin Adzhar A, White J, Daniels P, Jamaluddin A, Ksiazek T. Nipah virus infection in bats (order Chiroptera) in peninsular Malaysia. Emerging Infectious Diseases. May-Jun 2001; 7(3):439-41.

Rift Valley Fever

• Woods CW, Karpati AM, Grein T, McCarthy N, Gaturuku P, Muchiri E, Dunster L, Henderson A , Khan AS, Swanepoel R, Bonmarin I, Martin L, Mann P, Smoak BL, Ryan M, Ksiazek TG, Arthur RR, Ndikuyeze A, Agata NN, Peters CJ, and the World Health Organization Hemorrhagic Fever Task Force. An Outbreak of Rift Valley Fever in Northeastern Kenya, 1997-98. Emerging Infectious Diseases. 2002; 8 (2).

South American Arenaviral Hemorrhagic Fevers

• Strickland TG, Mills JN, McKee Jr KT. South American Hemorrhagic Fevers. Hunter's Tropical Medicine and Emerging Infectious Diseases. 2000; 31(3): 279-81.
• Weaver SC, Salas RA, de Manzione N, Fulhorst CF, Duno G, Utrera A, Mills JN, Ksiazek TG, Tovar D, Tesh TB. Guanarito virus (Arenaviridae) isolates from endemic and outlying localities in Venezuela: sequence comparisons among and within strains isolated from Venezuelan hemorrhagic fever patients and rodents. Virology. 2000; 266(1): 189-95.

Viral Hemorrhagic Fevers

• Peters CJ, Shelokov A. Current Therapy in Infectious Disease. Viral Hemorrhagic Fever. 1990; 355-360.