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#55R
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The Arts and Achievement in At-Risk Youth: Findings from Four Longitudinal Studies
This report examines arts-related variables from four large datasets -- three maintained by the U.S. Department of Education and one by the Department of Labor -- to understand the relationship between arts engagement and positive academic and social outcomes in children and young adults of low socioeconomic status (SES). Conducted by James Catterall, University of California Los Angeles, et al., the analyses show that achievement gaps between high- and low-SES groups appear to be mitigated for children and young adults who have arts-rich backgrounds. 28 pp. March 2012
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#54R
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Beyond Attendance: A Multi-Modal Understanding of Arts Participation
Report authors Jennifer Novak-Leonard and Alan Brown of WolfBrown explore patterns of arts engagement across three modes: Â arts creation or performance, arts engagement through media, and attendance at arts activities. The report highlights the overlap in participation across modes, and examines factors that drive participation within and between modes. February 2011
PDF | Additional information for researchers
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#53R
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Age and Arts Participation: A Case against Demographic Destiny
Mark Stern, University of Pennsylvania, analyzes the relationship between age and arts participation in the Survey of Public Participation in the Arts data for 1982, 1992, 2002, and 2008. The report concludes that age and year of birth are poor predictors of arts participation and that the age distribution of art-goers now generally mirrors that of the U.S. adult population. February 2011
PDF | Additional information for researchers
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#52R
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Arts Education in America : What the Declines Mean for Arts Participation
This report, commissioned from the NORC at the University of Chicago, investigates the relationship between arts education and arts participation, based on data from the Survey of Public Participation in the Arts for 1982, 1992, 2002, and 2008. The report also examines long-term declines in Americans' reported rates of arts learning—in creative writing, music, and the visual arts, among other disciplines. Authors Nick Rabkin and E.C. Hedberg find that the declines are not distributed evenly across all racial and ethnic groups. February 2011
PDF | Additional information for researchers
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Live from Your Neighborhood: A National Study of Outdoor Arts Festivals, Vol 1: Summary Report
This report combines key results from two investigative efforts—an online, national survey of outdoor arts festivals and seven case studies—to examine the range and variety of arts festivals in the U.S., the artists they employ, the communities they serve, and the roles they play in our cities, towns, and neighborhoods. The survey collected, for the first time, comprehensive data on a large cross-section of U.S. arts festivals, including information about audiences, arts programming, budgets, and operating structure. October 2010
PDF | Executive Summary
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Live from Your Neighborhood: A National Study of Outdoor Arts Festivals, Vol 2: Seven Case Studies
This report is based on seven case studies that complement data from an online, national survey of outdoor arts festivals. The case studies offer a rich perspective on seven distinctive festivals, their sponsoring organizations, and their artists, volunteers, and audiences. October 2010
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#50R
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Audience 2.0: How Technology Influences Arts Participation
This report describes the demographic characteristics of U.S. adults that participated in the arts (such as concerts, plays, and dance performances) via electronic media (e.g., TV, radio, computers and portable media devices) in 2008, based on the Survey of Public Participation in the Arts (SPPA). Separately, the report examines broad categories of arts participation via Internet. The report also investigates factors contributing to the likelihood of some Americans experiencing art through media. Finally, the report considers the relationship between media-based arts activities and other types of arts participation, such as live attendance and personal arts creation. June 2010
PDF | Multi-media version |
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2008 Survey of Public Participation in the Arts
This report describes U.S. adult arts participation in 2008. It shows attendance at live arts events (such as concerts, plays, and dance performances), as well as the number and percentage of adults visiting art museums and reading literature. The survey also investigates arts participation through broadcast and recorded media, the Internet, and personal participation such as singing in choirs or making photographs. In addition, the report discusses demographic and geographic differences in arts participation, compares 2008 rates to those found in 1982, 1992, and 2002, and summarizes 2008 results by art form. November 2009
PDF | Additional information for researchers
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#48R
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Artists in the Workforce: 1990-2005.
Artists in the Workforce: 1990-2005 is the first nationwide look at artists' demographic and employment patterns in the 21st century. Artists in the Workforce analyzes working artist trends, gathering new statistics from the U.S. Census Bureau to provide a comprehensive overview of this workforce segment and its maturation over the past 30 years, along with detailed information on specific artist occupations. June 2008
PDF | Executive Summary
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#47R
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To Read or Not To Read: A Question of National Consequence.
This report is a new and comprehensive analysis of reading patterns of children, teenagers, and adults in the United States. To Read or Not To Read assembled data on reading trends from more than 40 sources, including federal agencies, universities, foundations, and associations. The compendium expands the investigation of the NEA's landmark 2004 report, Reading at Risk, and reveals recent declines in voluntary reading and test scores alike, exposing trends that have severe consequences for American society. November 2007
PDF | Executive Summary
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Reading at Risk: A Survey of Literary Reading in America.
This report presents the results from the literature segment of the Survey of Public Participation in the Arts, conducted by the Census Bureau in 2002 at the NEA's request. The survey asked more than 17,000 adults if during the previous 12 months they had read any novels, short stories, poetry or plays in their leisure time, that were not required for work or school. The report extrapolates and interprets data on literary reading and compares them with results from similar surveys carried out in 1982 and 1992. July 2004
PDF | Executive Summary
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2002 Survey of Public Participation in the Arts.
This report describes U.S. adult arts participation in 2002. It shows attendance at live arts events (such as concerts, plays, and dance performances), as well as the number and percentage of adults visiting art museums and reading literature. The survey also investigates arts participation through broadcast and recorded media, the Internet, and personal participation such as singing in choirs or making photographs. In addition, the report discusses demographic and geographic differences in arts participation, and compares 2002 rates to those found in 1982 and 1992. March 2004
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#44R
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Raising the Barre: The Geographic, Financial, and Economic Trends of Nonprofit Dance Companies.
This study uses newly available data to examine trends in the nonprofit dance field. Spanning the decade of the late 1980s through the late 1990s, the report looks at factors such as growth in the number of dance companies, geographic concentration, and financial aspects such as the importance of ticket sales and the effects of the 1990-1991 recession. The analysis also investigates the role the National Endowment for the Arts plays in leveraging funding for dance companies. August 2003
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Changing the Beat: A Study of the Worklife of Jazz Musicians.
This study examines the worklife of jazz musicians in New York, Detroit, San Francisco and New Orleans. Information from jazz artists using 2 different survey sampling methodologies - respondent-driven-sampling and a random sample of musician union members - are analyzed and discussed. The 3 volume study is available in PDF. 2003
Volume I: Executive Summary | Volume II: American Federation of Musicians Survey Results | Volume III: Respondent-Driven Sampling.
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#42R
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Age and Arts Participation: 1982-1997
Based on the Survey of Public Participation in the Arts conducted in 1982, 1992, and 1997, this study examines the aging of arts audiences and the role that age plays in predicting arts attendance. This report looks at trends in the average age of arts audiences and follows the participation rates of birth cohorts (e.g., the "Great Depression" cohort and early-baby boomers) across the survey years. In addition, the study uses regression analysis to suggest that age (in-and-of itself) is not the most important factor in determining arts attendance. Among several economic and demographic variables analyzed, education is the best predictor of arts participation. 2000
PDF | Executive Summary
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#41R
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The Geography of Participation in the Arts and Culture
This report uses data from the 1997 Survey of Public Participation in the Arts to investigate geographic variations in participation rates in arts and culture. The report presents analyses for nine regional divisions and 10 highly populated states and covers topics such as arts participation through attendance at live events, participation through media (such as radio broadcasts), and personal involvement through artistic creation. The report also addresses demographic factors (e.g., education and population density) as possible explanations for geographic differences in arts participation. March 2000
PDF | Executive Summary
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#40R
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More Than Once in A Blue Moon: Multiple Job holdings by American Artists
An in-depth examination of artists' employment, specifically multiple jobholding or moonlighting, over three decades with comparisons to other professional occupations. The principal data source used is the Current Population Survey, a national Census Bureau survey sponsored by the Bureau of Labor Statistics -- with highlights from smaller, artist-focused surveys included. 2000
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#39R
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1997 Survey of Public Participation in the Arts: Summary Report
This report describes the results of the 1997 Survey of Public Participation in the Arts (SPPA). In addition to attendance at arts activities and participation through broadcast and recorded media, the report covers geographic and demographic differences in participation, arts socialization, music preferences and other leisure activities as well as background information on the history of the SPPA and changes introduced in 1997. February 1999
PDF | Executive Summary
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#38R
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The Changing Faces of Tradition: A Report on the Folk and Traditional Arts in the United States.
This report combines information from two surveys of folk and traditional arts organizations with case studies to describe the breadth and depth of folk and traditional arts activity in the U.S. and how it is increasing in both the variety of cultural worlds involved and the level of activity. October 1996
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#37R
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Artists in the Workforce: Employment and Earnings, 1970-1990.
This report examines employment and earnings trends in artist occupations from 1970 to 1990 using a variety of databases, including both large scale Federal surveys and smaller targeted surveys of artists groups. Alper, Wassall, Jeffri, Greenblatt, Kay, Butcher, and Chartrand. 1996
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#36R
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Effects of Arts Education on Participation in the Arts.
This study examines the effects of arts education in determining subsequent arts participation. The report provides evidence that arts education is an even greater predictor of arts participation than general education. Louis Bergonzi and Julia Smith. 1996
PDF | Executive Summary
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#35R
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American Participation in Theater.
This study examines the characteristics of the audience for stage plays as well as the dynamic forces that shape theater participation. The evolving nature of theater is also discussed, including changes in production and artistic focus. AMS Planning and Research Corp. 1996
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#34R
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Age and Arts Participation with a Focus on the Baby Boomers
This study examines arts participation or attendance rates for a variety of age groupings or cohorts, to determine trends over the 1982 to 1992 decade. A specific focus of the report is baby boomers, those born between 1946 and 1965. Richard A. Peterson and Darren E. Sherkat, Judith Huggins Balfe and Rolf Meyersohn. 1996
PDF | Executive Summary
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#33R
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Turning On and Tuning In: Public Participation in the Arts Via Media in the United States.
This study examines and interprets data from the 1982 and 1992 Surveys of Public Participation in the Arts pertaining to participation in the arts via television, radio and sound recordings. 1995
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#32R
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American Participation in Opera and Musical Theater 1992.
This report analyzes participation in opera and musical theater/operetta in 1992 and compares it with participation 10 years earlier. The analysis is based on the results of nationwide Surveys of Public Participation in the Arts conducted in 1982, 1985, and 1992. 1995
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#31R
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Jazz in America: Who's Listening?
This study provides an examination of the American audience for jazz through analysis of statistics from the 1982 and 1992 Surveys of Public Participation in the Arts (SPPA). The study interprets the statistical results of the 1982 and 1992 SPPA's in light of changes that occured in the jazz field over this time period. 1995
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#30R
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A Practical Guide to Arts Participation Research.
This publication provides both a description of the development of arts participation research at the national and local level and an overview of how to conduct an arts participation study 1995
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#29R
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Trends in Artist Occupations: 1970-1990.
A report which discusses information on various characteristics of the artist population and its position in the U.S. labor force. Data are presented in demographic contexts, as well as by artistic discipline. Based on data extracted from the 1970, 1980, and 1990 Censuses of the Population conducted by the U.S. Bureau of the Census. 1994
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#28R
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Dancemakers.
This report provides an analysis of the results of a survey of choreographers in New York, San Francisco, Chicago, and Washington, DC. The survey obtained data on working conditions, financial status, performance opportunities, and funding for choreographers in each of the cities. November 1993
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#27R
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Arts Participation in America: 1982 - 1992.
A summary report that analyzes the results of the 1992 national Survey of Public Participation in the Arts (SPPA) and provides comparisons to the 1982 SPPA findings. October 1993
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#26R
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Summary Report: 12 Local Surveys of Public Participation in the Arts.
This report summarizes the results of a research project to examine arts participation patterns in 12 communities across the U.S. The project involved two major components: 1) a random-digit-dial telephone survey concerning arts participation in which over 400 responses were received from each of the 12 sites, and 2) research into the supply of local arts programs and facilities. April 1993
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#25R
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Race, Ethnicity, and Arts Participation.
This study examines patterns of participation by Hispanics, Whites, and African-Americans in selected arts activities as measured in the 1982 and 1985 nationwide Surveys of Public Participation in the Arts. In addition, the report explores why these differences exist -- examining the impact of such factors as education, gender, and income. Paul DiMaggio and Francie Ostrower. 1992
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#24R
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Expanding the Audience for the Performing Arts.
The author hypothesizes that becoming involved in the arts is a multi-stage process. A six-stage model is proposed in the study and is tested using data from the 1982 and 1985 Surveys of Public Participation in the Arts. Alan R. Andreasen. 1991
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#23R
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The Audience for American Art Museums.
Offers a series of profiles of the audience for American art museums and galleries based on an analysis of data from the 1985 Survey of Public Participation in the Arts and comparisions with several other sources. J. Mark Davidson Schuster. 1991
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#22R
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Who Reads Literature: The Future of the United States As a Nation of Readers.
Provides an analysis of data on reading from the 1982 and 1985 Surveys of Public Participation in the Arts and synthesizes data on reading from several other sources. Nicholas Zill and Marianne Winglee. September 1990
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#21R
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Socialization and Participation in the Arts.
An analysis of the relationship between adult participation in the arts and early arts-related experiences based on information contained in the 1982 and 1985 Surveys of Public Participation in the Arts. March 1989
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#20R
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Managers of the Arts.
Results of surveys of careers and opinions of senior administrators of U.S. art museums, symphony orchestras, resident theaters, and local arts agencies conducted and analyzed by Paul DiMaggio, Yale University. September 1987
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#19R
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Where Artists Live 1980.
Analyzes the data gathered in the 1980 U.S. Census and compares them with the figures for 1970 to reveal growth and movement in the artist population. March 1987
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#18R
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Visual Artists in Houston, Minneapolis, Washington, and San Francisco: Earnings and Exhibition Opportunities.
Investigates how artists get work selected for exhibition and examines the relationship between exhibition and economic success of artists in America's smaller art-market cities. October 1984
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#17R
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The Arts Public in the South.
Two studies conducted in thirteen states provide data on southern leisure activities that reveal extraordinarily high involvement in choral and choir music and indicate that southern participation in arts-related activities will increase in the future. March 1984
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#16R
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Artist Employment and Unemployment: 1971 - 1980.
Figures from the Current Population Survey conducted by the Bureau of the Census make it possible to view trends in artists employment in light of those observed among all professional and technical workers. January 1982
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#15R
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Economic Impact of Arts and Cultural Institutions.
Analysis and comparison of how money flows between arts and cultural institutions and local economy through institutional, staff, and audience expenditures and municipal and state revenues and support. Columbus, Minneapolis/St. Paul, St. Louis, Salt Lake City, San Antonio, and Springfield (Illinois) are studied. January 1981
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#14R
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Audience Development: An Examination of Selected Analysis and Prediction Techniques Applied to Symphony and Theatre Attendance in Four Southern Cities.
Marketing strategies applied to the problem of turning marginal arts attenders into regular patrons show pitfalls in some traditional promotional techniques and underscore the importance of life-style analysis in relation to arts attendance. Atlanta, Baton Rouge, Memphis, and Columbia (South Carolina) are studied. January 1981
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#13R
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Craft Artist Membership Organizations 1978.
Detailed survey of 1,218 craft artist organizations in all parts of the United States with data on size, location, media preferences, membership screening facilities, staffing, expenses, and funding. January 1981
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#12R
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Artists Compared by Age, Sex, and Earnings in 1970 and 1976.
Census data compared with the 1976 Survey of Income and Education to reveal the changes in the size and composition of America's artist population during the 1970s. January 1980
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#11R
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Conditions and Needs of the Professional American Theatre.
Data and analysis aimed at understanding the conditions of professional theatre in America and the evolving relationship between commercial and nonprofit theatre. Contains advisory panel's recommendations for changes in public policy. May 1981
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#10R
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Selected Characteristics of Artists: 1970.
Self-employment patterns, migration patterns, and household and family characteristics of artists as revealed in census data. November 1978
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#09R
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Audience Studies of the Performing Arts and Museums: A Critical Review.
Evaluates the methods and relative effectiveness of 270 completed audience studies and considers the implications of their collective findings. November 1978
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#08R
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The State Arts Agencies in 1974: All Present and Accounted For.
Summarizes the status and activities of state arts agencies in the first year in which all fifty states, the District of Columbia, and four U.S. territories had fully operational arts councils. April 1978
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#07R
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Minorities and Women in the Arts: 1970.
Census data analyzed to describe the sex and minority makeup of our artist population. January 1979
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#06R
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Economic Impact of Arts and Cultural Institutions: A Model for Assessment and a Case Study in Baltimore.
A general method for estimating the effects of arts and cultural institutions on the economic environment of their communities. November 1977
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#05R
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Where Artists Live: 1970.
Tables, maps, and text summarize census data that show national distribution of the American artist population. October 1977
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#04R
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Arts and Cultural Programs on Radio and Television.
Considers how broadcasting executives understand the phrase "arts and cultural programming" shows how audience, scheduling, and funding for such programs compare with those for other types of programs and indicates what kinds of arts programs would be welcomed by broadcasters if available. September 1977
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#03R
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Understanding the Employment of Actors.
Data from the personnel files of Actors' Equity Association interpreted by researchers help explain theatre employment data systems and the complex conditions governing economic survival of actors. September 1977
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#02R
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To Survey American Crafts: A Planning Study.
An assessment of information about craft artists and their work prepared as an aid to planning of new research. July 1977
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#01R
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Employment and Unemployment of Artists: 1970-1975.
Census data and Bureau of Labor statistics findings charted to compare employment and unemployment among various kinds of artists and the general labor force. April 1976
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