From AIP to Zettabyte: Comparing Digital Preservation Glossaries

The following is a guest post by Emily Reynolds, a 2012 Junior Fellow.

As we mentioned in our introductory post last month, the OSI Junior Fellows are working on a project involving a draft digital preservation policy framework. One component of our work is revising a glossary that accompanies the framework. We’ve spent the last two weeks poring through more than two dozen glossaries relating to digital preservation concepts to locate and refine definitions to fit the terms used in the document.

The Library: Encyclopedias, 1964, by LSE Library, on Flickr

We looked at dictionaries from well-established archival entities like the Society of American Archivists, as well as more strictly technical organizations like the Internet Engineering Task Force. While some glossaries take a traditional archival approach, others were more technical; we consulted documents primarily focusing on electronic records, archives, digital storage and other relevant fields. Because of influential frameworks like the OAIS Reference Model, some terms were defined similarly across the glossaries that we looked at. But the variety in the definitions for other terms points to the range of practitioners discussing digital preservation issues, and highlights the need for a common vocabulary.  Based on what we found, that vocabulary will have to be broadly drawn and flexible to meet different kinds of requirements.

Digital preservation happens at the intersection of diverse fields, each of which has a point of view that must be taken into account.  This became very clear for some of the terms we were trying to define. One of the terms for which it was most difficult to pin down a useful and succinct definition was “authenticity.” Authenticity in a digital context is a complex issue, encompassing both IT security principles and traditional archival ideology, and the definitions we looked at certainly reflected that.

Genuine Authentic Legit Proven Official Bona Fide Real True Valid Tested, by daemonsquire, on Flickr

The most useful definitions were those that acknowledged the multiple viewpoints at play, allowing for a more holistic understanding of these terms in a digital preservation environment. For example, the Storage Networking Industry Association dictionary defines authenticity from three perspectives: data management, data security and legal demands. Each of the definitions is relevant to requirements for repositories managing (and authenticating) digital content. Archives New Zealand incorporates several viewpoints in their glossary as well, framing the term in a digital preservation context, an IT context and a recordkeeping context. Again, each of these meanings is essential to the effective management of digital content in a repository.

While each definition centers on similar ideas, the specific mechanisms of what makes an object authentic is different from each perspective. Is it verifying the creator and chain of custody of an object? Is it assuring that the metadata and file formats are what were expected? Is it a matter of making sure that checksum values match? For paper materials, such questions are more straightforward; with digital content, both defining and assessing authenticity encompasses a range of different attributes. Many of the definitions that we reviewed demonstrate the range of voices present in the digital preservation community, as well as the many purposes that any single term can serve.