A Country Study: Somalia

• Somalia
• Foreword
• Acknowledgments
• Preface
• Country Profile
  • Country
  • Geography
  • Society
  • Economy
  • Transportation
  • Government and Politics
  • National Security
• Introduction

• Chapter 1 - Historical Setting (Said S. Samatar)
  • The Somalis: Their Origins, Migrations, and Settlement
    • Coastal Towns
    • Emergence of Adal
    • Mogadishu and Its Banaadir Hinterlands
    • The Somali Peninsula on the Eve of Imperial Partition
    • The Majeerteen Sultanates
  • Imperial Partition
    • Mahammad Abdille Hasau's Dervish Resistance to Colonial Occupation
    • Consolidation of Colonial Rule
    • Somalia During World War II
    • British Military Administration
    • Trusteeship and Protectorate: The Road to Independence
  • From Independence to Revolution
    • Problems of National Integration
    • Pan-Somalism
    • Foreign Relations, 1960-69
    • The Husseen Government
    • The Igaal Government
    • Coup d'Etat
  • The Revolutionary Regime
    • Supreme Revolutionary Council
    • Challenges to the Regime
    • Siad Barre and Scientific Socialism
    • The Language and Literacy Issue
    • Creation of the Somali Revolutionary Socialist Party
  • Somalia's Difficult Decade, 1980-90
    • Entrenching Siad Barre's Personal Rule
    • Siad Barre's Repressive Measures
    • Persecution of the Majeerteen
    • Oppression of the Isaaq
    • Harrying of the Hawiye

• Chapter 2 - The Society and Its Environemnt (Said S. Samatar)
  • Physical Setting
    • Climate
    • Terrain, Vegetation, and Drainage
  • Population and Settlement Patterns
  • The Segmentary Social Order
    • Samaal
    • Digil and Rahanwayn
    • Riverine and Coastal People of Non-Somali Origin
    • Specialized Occupational Groups
    • Social Change
  • Lineage Segmentation and the Somali Civil War
  • Religious Life
    • The Tenets of Islam
    • Religious Roles in Somali Islam
    • Religious Orders and the Cult of the Saints
    • Folk Islam and Indigenous Ritual
    • Islam in the Colonial Era and After
    • Rising Islamism
  • Languages and Education
    • Language
    • Education
  • Health
  • Refugees
  • Breakdown of the Infrastructure

• Chapter 3 - The Economy (David D. Laitin)
  • Pastoralism and the Commerce in Historical Perspective
  • The Colonial Economy
  • Economic Development, 1960-69
  • Scientific Socialism, 1970-75
  • The Socialist Revolution After 1975
  • From Scientific Socialism to "IMF-ism," 1981-90
  • Natural Resources and Economic Infrastructure
    • Land
    • Energy
    • Transportation
    • Communications
  • The "Real" Somali Economy in the 1980's
    • Export of Labor
    • Export of Livestock
    • Rural Subsistence Sector
    • Urban Subsistence and Government Employment
    • Undeveloped Sectors
      • Plantation Economy
      • Mining
      • Forestry
      • Fishing
      • Manufacturing
    • Foreign Trade

• Chapter 4 - Government and Politics (Eric Hooglund)
  • Government Structure
    • Constitution
    • Legislature
    • Local Government
    • Legal System
    • Courts
  • Political Dynamics
    • Opposition Movements
    • Politics of Reconciliation
    • Politics of Succession
    • Politics of Disintegration
  • Mass Media
  • Foreign Relations
    • Relations with Other African States
    • Relations with Arab Countries
    • Relations with the United States
    • Other Foreign Relations

• Chapter 5 - National Security (Thomas Ofcansky)
  • Internation Security Concerns
    • Irredentism and the Changing Balance of Power
    • The Ogaden War: Performance and Implications of Defeat
    • Postwar Status of the Armed Forces
  • Internal Security Concerns
    • Government Security Policy
    • Sources of Opposition
  • History and Development of the Armed Forces
    • The Warrior Tradition and Development of a Modern Army
    • The Armed Forces in National Life
      • The Military and the Government
      • The Military and the Economy
    • Mission, Organization, and Strength
    • Manpower, Training, and Conditions of Service
  • Foreign Military Assistance
  • State Security Services
    • Somali Police Force (SPF)
    • People's Militia
    • National Security Service
  • Criminal Justice
    • Penal System
    • Prison System
  • Human Rights

• Appendix. Tables
• Bibliography
• Glossary