PROLOGUE

Martin Waldseemüller (c.1470-1518/21)
Universalis Cosmographia Secundum Ptholomaei Traditionem et Americi Vespucii Aliorque Lustrationes
[Map of the world naming "America"],
Strassburg: 1507
Woodcut map, with emendations
Geography and Map Division (1)

Sebastian Münster (1488-1552)
Cosmographei, 1550
Color woodcut map [in virtual presentation]
Geography and Map Division (1A)

Battista Agnese (1514-1564) [Portolan atlas of nine charts and a world map], ca. 1544
Atlas, manuscript map on vellum [in virtual presentation]
Geography and Map Division (2)

Jan Jansson (1527-1664)
America Septentrionales, 1653 [California as an Island]
Hand-colored engraved map in [virtual presentation]
Geography and Map Division (3)

Abraham Ortelius (1527-1598)
"Americae Sive Novis Orbis" in Theatrum Orbis Terrarum. Atwerpie: Apud A. C. Diesth, 1570 Atlas, hand-colored map in [virtual presentation]
Geography and Map Division (4)

Robert Sayer (1725-1794)
A New Map of North America with British, French, Spanish, Dutch, & Spanish dominions on that Great Continent.
London: [ca. 1750]
Hand-colored engraved map in [virtual presentation]
Geography and Map Division (4A)

BEFORE LEWIS AND CLARK

John Mitchell (1711-1768)
Map of British and French Dominions in North America, with Roads, Distances, Limits, and Extent of the Settlements by Jno. Mitchell, d.f. with improvements.
Amsterdam: I. Covens and C. Mortimer, ca. 1755
Hand-colored engraved map
Geography and Map Division (6)

John Farrer (1590-1657 )
A Map of Virginia Discouvered to Ye Hills, 1651
Hand-colored engraved map
Geography and Map Division (7)

Peter Jefferson (1707/08-1757) and Joshua Fry (1700-1754)
A Map of the Most Inhabited Part of Virginia Containing the Whole Province of Maryland with Part of Pensilvania, New Jersey and North Carolina, 1751
Hand-colored engraved map
Geography and Map Division (8)

"Map of the Country about the Mississippi. Drawn by Chegeree (the Indian) Who Says He Has Travelled through the Country," 1755
Pen and ink manuscript map
Geography and Map Division (8A)

William Crawford (1732-1782) "Plat of a Survey of 2,314 Acres of Land"
[Drawn for George Washington]
Manuscript map
Geography and Map Division (8B)

Benjamin Rittenhouse (1740-1825)
Surveyor's compass with case, ca. 1885-1796
Wood and brass
Courtesy of Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of American History, Behring Center, Washington, D.C. (9A)

Gunter chain [belonged to John Johnson (1771-1841),
Surveyor General of Vermont]
Steel and brass
Courtesy of Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of American History, Behring Center, Washington, D.C. (9B)

The Spanish Entrada into the Southwest

Eusebio Kino (1644-1711)
"Via Terrestis in California . . . Anno 1698 ad annum 1701"
in Der Neue Welt-Bott . . . . Vol. 1, pt. 2.
Augspurg und Grätz: 1726-1758
Engraved map
Rare Book and Special Collections Division (9D)

José de Urrútia (1728-1800) and Nicolás de Lafora (b.ca. 1730)
"Mapa, que comprende la Frontera, de los Dominos del Rey, en la America Septentrionale . . . ," 1769
Manuscript map in 4 sheets
Geography and Map Division (10)

Silvestre Vélez de Escalante, copied by José Cortes
"Diario y derrotero de los nuevos descubimientos de tierras a los rumbos N. N. OC.OC. del Nuevo Mexico. . . ."
Manuscript diary
Manuscript Division (11)

Bernando de Miera y Pacheco
"Plano Geografico de los Descubrimientos . . . ." 1778
Manuscript map
Courtesy of Beinecke Rare Book and Manuscript Library, Yale University, New Haven (12)

Antonio Veléz y Escalante
"Derrotero hecho por Antonio Vélez y Escalante. Misionero: para mejor conocimiento de las Misiones, pueblos de Indios y Presidios que se hallan en Camino de Monterrey a Santa Fé de Nuebo México," 1777
Hand-colored manuscript map
Geography and Map Division (13)

Alexander von Humboldt (1769-1859) "Carte du Mexique," in
Atlas Geographicque et Physique du Royaume de la Nouvelle Espagne. Paris: 1811
Engraved map
Geography and Map Division (14)

Thomas Jefferson (1743-1826) to Alexander von Humboldt, June 9, 1804
Manuscript letter [seeking information on the Southwest]
Manuscript Division (15)

Exploration of the Missouri River

James Mackay (ca. 1759-1822)
Notes on Indian tribes, St. Louis
Manuscript document
Courtesy of the Missouri Historical Society, St. Louis (16)

Joseph Nicolett (1786-1843) James Mackay and John Evans
Manuscript map [Map of the Missouri River, from the 44^th to 47^th degrees of latitude]ca. 1839
Manuscript Division (17)

Anonymous (Spanish)
[map of North America from Mississippi to the Pacific],
ca. 1797-1800
Manuscript map
Geography and Map Division (18)

James Mackay (c.1759-1822) and John Evans, drafted by Nicolas de Finiels
[Map of Missouri River and Vicinity from Saint Charles, Missouri, to Mandan Villages of North Dakota], 1797-98
Manuscript map
Geography and Map Division (19)

Georges Henri Victor Collot (1752-1805).
"Plan of St. Lewis with the Project of the intrenched Camp French" in
Voyage dans l'Amérique septentrionale.
Paris: Arthus Bertrand, 1826
Geography and Map Division (19A)

Thomas Jefferson (1743-1826).
Notes on the State of Virginia.
Philadelphia: Pritchard and Hall, 1788
Rare Book and Special Collections Division (22)

British Passage to the Pacific

George Vancouver (1758-1798)
"A Chart Shews Part of the Coast of N. America . . . . " from
A Voyage of Discovery to the North Pacific ocean, and Round the World.
London: 1798
Engraved map
Geography and Map Division (63)

Peter Pond (1740-1807)
"Map Shewing the Communication of the Lakes and the Rivers between Lake Superior and Slave Lake in North America," [1785] from Gentleman's Magazine, March 1790
Engraved map
Geography and Map Division (23)

Joseph Ingraham (1762-1800)
"A Canoe of Nootka Sound"
Journal with watercolor drawings, 1790-1792
Manuscript Division (24A)

S. Smith after John Webber.
"A View of the Habitations in Nootka Sound" in James Cook (1728-1779)
A Voyage to the Pacific Ocean . . . for Making Discoveries in the Northern Hemisphere.
London: W. Strahan, 1784
Engraving
Geography and Map Division (24)

Ac ko mok ki (The Feathers), reduced by Peter Fidler (1769-1822)
"An Indian Map of the Different Tribes, that Inhabit the East and West Side of the Rocky Mountains . . . ," 1801
Manuscript map
Courtesy of Hudson's Bay Company Archives, Archives of Manitoba (25)

Alexander MacKenzie (1764-1820).
Voyages from Montreal 1801, on the River St. Laurence through the continent of North America to the Frozen and Pacific Oceans,. . .
London: Printed for T. Cadell, et. al., 1801
Rare Book and Special Collections Division (26)

Aaron Arrowsmith (1750-1823)
A map exhibiting all the new discoveries in the interior parts of North America.
London: A. Arrowsmith [1802]
Hand-colored engraved map
Geography and Map Division (27)

Jonathan Carver (1710-1780). "A Man and Woman of the Naudowessie" in
Travels Through the Interior Parts of North America, 1766, 1767 and 1768.
London: C. Dilly, 1781
Hand-colored engraving
Rare Book and Special Collections Division (28)

Jonathan Carver (1710-1780)
"Heads of the Oregon/Great River of the West"
from Travels Through the Interior Parts of North America, 1766, 1767 and 1768.
London: 1781
Engraved map
Geography and Map Division (28A)

Louisiana Purchase

Lt. Ross
Course of the River Mississippi, from the Balise to Fort Charles.
London: Robt. Sayer, 1772
Hand-colored engraved map
Geography and Map Division (28B)

James Monroe (1758-1831) to James Madison (1751-1836),
May 14, 1803
Manuscript letter
Manuscript Division (29)

Treaty between the United States and France, April 29, 1803
Manuscript document
Manuscript Division (30)

National Intelligencer and Washington Advertiser
"Washington City, Monday, July 4-Official"
Newspaper
Serial and Government Publications Division (31)

James Wilkinson (1757-1825)
Orderly Book, December 20, 1803
Manuscript journal
Manuscript Division (32)

An Account of Louisiana.
Washington: 1803
Rare Book and Special Collections Division (33A)

Samuel Lewis (ca. 1753-1822)
"Louisiana" in Aaron Arrowsmith, New and Elegant General Atlas.
Philadelphia, 1804
Engraved map
Geography and Map Division (34)

James Akin
"The PRAIRIE DOG Sickened at the Sting of the HORNET or a Diplomatic Puppet exhibiting his Deceptions,"
Newburyport, Massachusetts: ca. 1804
Etching with watercolor
Prints and Photographs Division (35)

Thomas Jefferson (1743-1826) to Meriwether Lewis (1774-1809)
Memorandum announcing Purchase, July 15, 1803
Manuscript
Manuscript Division (37)

LEWIS AND CLARK

Diplomacy

Pipe tomahawk (Shoshone)
Iron, wood, leather, beads, wool, velveteen, ermine, eagle feather, brass tacks, and hawk bells
Courtesy of the National Museum of the American Indian(39)

United States Mint
[Thomas Jefferson peace medal], 1801
Silver
Courtesy of the Oklahoma State Museum of History, Oklahoma City (41)

Indian certificate, 1803
Printed document, silk ribbon, sealing wax
Courtesy of the Missouri Historical Society, St. Louis (43)

William Clark (1770-1838)
"Speech to the Yellowstone Indians," 1806
Manuscript document
Courtesy of the Missouri Historical Society, St. Louis (44)

Thomas Jefferson (1743-1826) to "Native American Chiefs of Several Native American Tribes of the Lower Missouri River Undertake an Expedition to the United States, January 43, 1806"
Manuscript speech
Manuscript Division (45)

[Speech of the] "Osages, Missouri, Otos, Panis, Cansas, Ayowais, & Sioux Nations to the president of the U.S. & to the Secretary of War, January [4], 1806"
Manuscript document in the hand of the clerk, endorsed by 14 tribal representatives
Courtesy of the Historical Society of Pennsylvania Library, Philadelphia (46)

Calumet pipe and stem (Plains/Great Lakes) ca. 1800-1805
Catinite lead, wood, ivory-billed woodpecker head, wood duck, dyed horsehair, deer hair, quills, cotton, bast fiber, wool, silk, shell beads
Courtesy of the Peabody Museum of Archaeology and Ethnology, Harvard University, Boston (48a,b)

Speeches of Indian Chiefs, October-November 1804
Manuscript document [recorded by William Clark]
Courtesy of the Missouri Historical Society, St. Louis (49)

Nesting kettle (English), late eighteenth century
Copper
Courtesy of the Minnesota Historical Society, St. Paul (50)

Indian gift [blue and white seed beads], late 1700s
Courtesy of the North Dakota Lewis and Clark Interpretive Center, Washburn (51)

Indian gift [corn mill], eighteenth century
Silver, wood
Courtesy of Colonial Williamsburg (52)

Blunderbuss, ca. 1760
Metal, wood
Courtesy of the National Museum of American History, Behring Center, Washington, D.C. (53)

War club (Dakota), pre-1870
Wood, iron, brass tacks, leather, quills, hair
Courtesy of the University of Pennsylvania Museum of Archaeology and Anthropology, Philadelphia (54)

Karl Bodmer (1809-1893)
"Scalp Dance of the Minatarres" [Hidatsa]
from Reise in das innere Nord-America in den Jahren 1832 bis 1834. Koblenz: 1839-41
Hand-colored lithograph
Rare Book and Special Collections Division (54C)

Jefferson's cipher for the Lewis and Clark expedition, 1803 with sample message "I am at the head of the Missouri. All well, and the Indians so far friendly."
Manuscript document
Manuscript Division (55)

Thomas Jefferson (1743-1826) Message to Congress, January 18, 1803
Manuscript document
Manuscript Division (56)

Thomas Jefferson to Meriwether Lewis, June 20, 1803
Letter press copy of Manuscript letter [instructions for the Corps of Discovery]
Manuscript Division (57)

Geography

William Clark (1770-1838)
[Sketch of the Confluence of the Snake and Columbia Rivers and Environs]
Map in journal
Courtesy of the Missouri Historical Society, St. Louis (59)

William Clark [Clatsop Maps] 1805
Copyprint of manuscript maps
Courtesy of the Beinecke Rare Book and Manuscript Library, Yale University, New Haven (59A)

Sitting Rabbit (Hidatsa)
Detail of Map of the Missouri River
Copyprint of map painted on canvas
Courtesy of the State Historical Society of North Dakota, Bismark (59C)

William Clark (1779-1838)
[Route map 16 October 16-19, 1804], copy of original map, 1833
Copyprint of manuscript map
Courtesy of the Joslyn Art Museum, Omaha (59D.1)

W. & S. Jones Holburn, London [patented 1788] Sextant
Brass, wood, silver
Courtesy of the National Museum of American History, Behring Center (60)

Nevil Naskeklyne.
Tables Requisite to be Used with the Nautical Ephemeris for Finding the Latitude and Longitude at Sea.
London: William Richardson, 1781
Rare Book and Special Collections Division (61)

Nicholas King (1771-1812) after William Clark
"A map of part of the continent of North America: between 35^th and 51^st degrees of north latitude, and extending from 89 degrees of west longitude to the Pacific Ocean, compiled from the authorities of the best informed travelers by M. Lewis," 1805
Manuscript map
Geography and Map Division (62)

Nicholas King, with annotations by Meriwether Lewis
"Tracing of western North America showing the Mississippi, and the Missouri for a short distance above the Kansas, Lakes Michigan, Superior, and Winnipeg, and the country onwards to the Pacific" with annotations in the hand of Meriwether Lewis, 1803. [carried as far as Mandan village]
Engraved map with annotations in pen and ink
Geography and Map Division (64)

Meriwether Lewis (1774-1809) after David Thompson (1770-1857)
"Bend of the Missouri Long. 101i25-Lat. 47i32 by Mr. Thomson [sic] Astronomer to the N.W. Company in 1798"
Manuscript map
Geography and Map Division (64A)

Magnet, ca. 1802
Iron, paint
Courtesy of the Missouri Historical Society, St. Louis (65)

Compass on chain
Brass, jasper, glass, paint
Courtesy of the Missouri Historical Society, St. Louis (66)

William Clark
"A Map of Lewis and Clark's Track"
from History of the Expedition under the Command of Captains Lewis and Clark, to the Sources of the Missouri, thence Across the Rocky Mountains and Down the River Columbia to the Pacific Ocean, 1814
Samuel Lewis, copyist; Samuel Harrison, engraver
Engraved map
Geography and Map Division (67)

William Clark
"Plan of the Northwest Frontier from Governor Clarke" [ca. 1813]
Manuscript map
Geography and Map Division (67A)

Nicholas Biddle and Paul Allen.
History of the Expedition under the Command of Captains Lewis and Clark, to the Sources of the Missouri, thence Across the Rocky Mountains and Down the River Columbia to the Pacific Ocean.
Philadelphia: Bradford and Innskeep, 1814
Rare Book and Special Collections Division (67B)

William Clark.
[Drawing of Northwest Coast canoe with carved figures at each end,] February 1, 1806.
Copyprint of journal entry
Courtesy of the Missouri Historical Society, St Louis (68)

Robert Frazer (d. 1837)
"A Map of the discoveries of Capt. Lewis & Clark from the Rocky Mountain and the River Lewis to the Cap of Disappointment Or the Columbia River At the North Pacific Ocean By observation of Robert Frazer" 1807
Manuscript map
Geography and Map Division (69)

Nicholas King after Meriwether Lewis and William Clark
"Map of the Continent of North America . . ."
[as corrected by the celestial observations of M. Lewis and Clark during their tour of discoveries in 1805], ca. 1806
Copyprint of manuscript
Courtesy of the Boston Athenaeum, Boston (70)

Animals

Meriwether Lewis (1774-1809)
"Shield killed a hare of the prarie . . ."
Journey entry, September 14, 1804
Courtesy of the American Philosophical Society, Philadelphia (40)

Specimen of a "Lewis woodpecker" [collected ca. 1806]
Preserved skin and feathers
Courtesy of Harvard University Museum of Comparative Zoology, Boston (71)

Bear effigy pipe bowl (Sioux, Osage or Pawnee), pre-1830s
Catlinite
Courtesy of the Missouri Historical Society, St. Louis (72)

Patrick Gass.
"Bear Pursuing his Assailant" in A Journal of the Voyages and Travels of a Corps of Discovery . . .
Philadelphia: Mathew Carey, 1810
Wood engraving
Rare Book and Special Collections Division (72A)

Patrick Gass.
"Captain Clark and his men shooting bears," in A Journal of the Voyages and Travels of a Corps of Discovery . . .
Philadelphia: Mathew Carey, 1810
Copyprint of wood engraving
Rare Book and Special Collections Division (72B)

Rifle, post 1809, lock by Rogers & Brothers, Philadelphia
Steel barrel, iron fittings, German silver plates, tiger maple stock
Courtesy of the Missouri Historical Society, St. Louis (73)

George Catlin (1796-1872)
Bear Dance of the Sioux, 1832 [printed 1844]
Hand-colored lithograph
Courtesy of the Missouri Historical Society, St. Louis (74)

William Clark (1770-1838)
Head of a Vulture (California condor), February 17, 1806
Copyprint of journal illustration
Courtesy of the Missouri Historical Society, St Louis (74A)

Sally bag with condors (Wasco), pre-1898
Twine, corn husk
Courtesy of the Oregon Historical Society, Portland (75)

Buffalo effigy pipe (Sioux) pre-1872
Catinite, wood
Courtesy of the Missouri Historical Society, St. Louis (76)

Coyote headdress (Teton Sioux)
Pelt, feathers, canvas, wool, hawk bell
Courtesy of the National Museum of the American Indian,Washington, D.C. (78)

Dressed in Courage

Richard Rugg Gorget, London, ca. 1783
Silver
Courtesy of William H. Guthman Collection (47)

Reproduction of infantry captain's uniform
Textile
Courtesy of the Missouri Historical Society, St. Louis (79)

War shirt, with bib collar (Blackfeet), 1843
Antelope skin, quillwork
Courtesy of the Alabama Department of History and Archives, Montgomery (80)

Washakie war robe (Shoshone), pre-1897
Paint on deer hide
Courtesy of the National Museum of the American Indian, Washington, D.C. (81)

William Woollett after a painting by Benjamin West
The Death of General Wolfe.
London: Woollett, Boydell & Ryland, 1776
Engraving
Prints and Photographs Division (81B)

Spontoon (American/ Fort Ticonderoga), 1775-80
Steel, wood, iron
Courtesy of the Collection of the Fort Ticonderoga Museum, New York (81A)

Animal claw necklace (Teton Sioux), mid-nineteenth century
Bear claws, hide
Courtesy of the National Museum of the American Indian, Washington, D.C. (82)

Plants

Lupinus sericens Pursh, silky lupine
[collected by Lewis at Camp Chopunnish, on the Clearwater River, Idaho, June 5, 1806]
Herbarium sheet mounted on board
Courtesy of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, England (83)

Camassia quamash (Pursh),
["Collected by Lewis at Weippe Prairie, in present-day Idaho, June 23, 1806. Stewart"]
Herbarium sheet
Courtesy of Academy of Natural Sciences, Ewell Sale Stewart Library, Philadelphia (84)

Frederick Pursch (1774-1820).
"Clarkia pulchella" in Flora Americae Septentrionalis or a Systematic Arrangement and Description of the Plants of North America. 2 vols.
London: White, Cochrane, and Co., 1814
Rare Book and Special Collections Division (85)

Tourniquet, early nineteenth century
Brass, leather, and iron
Courtesy of the Mutter Museum, College of Physicians of Philadelphia (86)

Lancet, early nineteenth century
Tortoise shell, steel
Courtesy of the Mutter Museum, College of Physicians of Philadelphia (87)

Clyster syringe, late eighteenth century
Pewter, wood
Courtesy of the Mutter Museum, College of Physicians of Philadelphia (88)

Mortar and pestle (Plateau), prehistoric
Stone
Courtesy of the Maryhill Museum of Art, Goldendale, Washington (89a,b)

Parfleche (Sahaptin), early nineteenth century
Parfleche hide, pigment
Courtesy of The National Museum of the American Indian, Washington, D.C. (90)

Benjamin Rush (ca. 1745-1813) to Meriwether Lewis (1774-1809)
"Rush's Rules of Health," June 11,1803
Manuscript document
Manuscript Division (91)

William Clark (1770-1838)
Cure for "hooping cough," early 1800s
Manuscript note
Courtesy of the Missouri Historical Society, St. Louis (92)

Sweetgrass braid (Lakota), 1953
Sweetgrass and string
Courtesy of the Missouri Historical Society, St. Louis (93)

Drum (Northern Plains), 1800s
Wood and hide
Courtesy of the Missouri Historical Society, St. Louis (94)

Root digging bag (Plateau), pre-1898
Hemp
Courtesy of the Maryhill Museum of Art, Goldendale, Washington (95)

Flat bag (Plateau)
Cornhusk, dogbane
Courtesy of the Maryhill Museum of Ar, Goldendale, Washington (96)

Basket (Plateau), pre-1940
Cedar bark
Courtesy of the Maryhill Museum of Art, Goldendale, Washington (97)

AFTER LEWIS AND CLARK

The Journeys of Zebulon Pike

Zebulon Pike (1779-1813)
"An Account of a voyage up Mississippi River from St. Louis to its Source. . . August 9, 1805-April 30, 1806" [copied by Nicholas King]
Journal entry, September 23, 1805
Manuscript Division (99)

Zebulon Pike after Thomas Freeman
"Map of the Red River of Louisiana from the Spanish Camp when the Exploring Party of the U.S. Was Met by the Spanish Troops to Where it Enters the Mississippi," 1806
Manuscript map
Courtesy of the National Archives, Washington, D.C. (100)

Zebulon Pike "Sketch of the Mississippi River"
Hand-colored manuscript map, [two sections of a four part map]
Courtesy of the National Archives, Washington, D.C. (102a,b)

Zebulon Pike "Santa Fe Trail"
Manuscript map
Courtesy of the National Archives, Washington, D.C. (103)

Zebulon Pike "Notebook of maps, traverse tables, and meterological observations," 1805-1807
Journal with charts to "date, course, no. distance . . ."
Courtesy of the National Archives, Washington, D.C. (104)

Zebulon Pike
"First Part of Capt'n Pike's Chart of the Internal Part of Louisiana" and "A Chart of the Internal Part of Louisiana"
in Expeditions to the Headwaters of the Mississippi River and through the Louisiana Territory into New Spain from 1805-1807
Engraved map with notations
Geography and Map Division (105a,b)

Thomas Jefferson (1743-1826) to James Madison (1751-1836), August 30, 1807
Manuscript letter
Manuscript Division (107)

Alexander von Humboldt (1769-1859) to Thomas Jefferson (1743-1826), December 20, 1811
Manuscript letter
Manuscript Division (107A)

Thomas Jefferson to Alexander von Humboldt, December 6, 1813
Manuscript letter
Manuscript Division (107B)

Zebulon Pike.
An Account of Expeditions to the Sources of the Mississippi, and through the Western Parts of Louisiana, to the sources of the Arkanasaw, Kans, La Platte, and Pierre Juan, Rivers; . . .
Philadelphia: C. & A. Conrad, 1810
Rare Book and Special Collections Division (108)

Long Expedition to the Central and Southern Plains

Stephen H. Long (1784-1864)
"Country Drained by the Mississippi" [western and eastern sections]
in Edwin James. Account of the Expedition from Pittsburg to the Rocky Mountains: Performed in the years 1819-1820 . . . Under the Command of Stephen H. Long.
Philadelphia: 1822
Rare Book and Special Collections Division (109, 109A)

Titian Peale (1799-1885) Journal entry, June 21, 1819
Manuscript Division (110)

Titian Peale [Riverside, with small view of "Western Engineer"], 1819-1820
Watercolor
Courtesy of the American Philosophical Society, Philadelphia (111)

Titian Peale [Lavender blossoms], August 3, 1820
Watercolor, pencil
Courtesy of the American Philosophical Society, Philadelphia (111A)

Titian Peale [Bison Hunt], 1820 [February]
Watercolor, ink
Courtesy of the American Philosophical Society, Philadelphia (111B)

Titian Peale "Ottoes (Siouan Indian)," May 1820
Watercolor
Courtesy of the American Philosophical Society, Philadelphia (111C)

Titian Peale [Sandhill crane] March 1820
Watercolor
Courtesy of the American Philosophical Society , Philadelphia (111D)

Titian Peale [Shell] May 1819
Watercolor
Courtesy of the American Philosophical Society, Philadelphia (111E)

Samuel Seymour (1796-1823).
"View of Chasm through which the Platte issues from the Rocky Mountains" and "Distant View of the Rocky Mountains"
in Edwin James (1797-1861) Account of an Expeditionfrom Pittsburgh to the Rocky Mountains: Performed in the Years 1819-20 . . . Under the Command of M. Stephen H. Long from the Notes of Major Long, Mr. T. Say, Other Gentlemen of the Exploring Party.
Philadelphia: H.C. Carey and I. Lea, 1822 (1823)
Hand-colored engravings [frontispieces]
Rare Book and Special Collections Division (112a,b)

Thomas Say (1787-1834).
American Entomology: or Descriptions of the Insects of North America. [3 volumes]
Philadelphia: 1824
Rare Book and Special Collections Division (113a,b,c)

James Fenimore Cooper (1789-1851).
The Prairie.
Philadelphia: Carey, Lea & Carey, 1827
Rare Book and Special Collections Division (114)

The Fur Trade

Albert Gallatin (1761-1849)
"Map of th Indian Tribes of North America about 1600 A.D. along the Atlantic, & about 1800 A.D. Westwardly"
from Transactions and Collections of the American Antiquarian Society. Vol II.
Cambridge: 1836
Hand colored engraved map
Geography and Map Division (20)

Pierre Jean de Smet (1801-1873)
[Map of the Upper Great Plains and Rocky Mountains Region], 1851
Manuscript map
Geography and Map Division (131)

David Burr (1803-1875)
Map of the United States of North America with Parts of the Adjacent Countries.
London: 1839
Hand-colored engraved map
Geography and Map Division (132)

Washington Irving (1783-1859)
The Rocky Mountains, or Scenes and Incidents . . .
Philadelphia: Carey, Lea, & Blanchard, 1837
Rare Book and Special Collections Division (133)

Benjamin Bonneville (1796-1878)
"Map of the Territory West of the Rocky Mountains"
[from Washington Irving The Rocky Mountains western portion]
Engraved map
Geography and Map Division (133A)

Alfred Jacob Miller Trappers
Watercolor
Courtesy of the Joslyn Museum, Omaha (134A)

Zenas Leonard (1809-1857).
Narrative of the Adventures . . . written by Himself.
Clearfield, PA: D.W. Moore, 1839
Rare Book and Special Collections Division (135)

Battiste Good (1821-ca. 1907),
Dakota Brulé Winter Count [1230-1907], ca. 1907
Watercolor, pen, and ink on paper
Manuscript Division (135A)

The Wilkes and Frémont Expeditions

Charles Wilkes (1798-1877)
Map of the Oregon Territory by the U. S. Ex. Ex., 1841
Hand-colored engraved map
Geography and Map Division (116)

Charles Wilkes
Diary and letters for voyage in the Pacific and west coast, 1838-1842
Journal entry, August 6, 1841
Manuscript Division (117)

Charles Wilkes to Secretary of the Navy Abel Upshur, May 15 (1842)
[describes the Oregon Territory north of the Columbia River]
Manuscript letterbook
Manuscript Division (118)

Charles Wilkes.
Narrative of the United States Exploring Expedition During the Years 1838, 1839, 1840, 1841, 1842.
Philadelphia: C. Sherman & Son, 1858
Rare Book and Special Collections Division (119a-d)

Titian Ramsay Peale (1799-1885)
Journal, October 19, 1841
Manuscript Division (120)

Titian Ramsay Peale Sutter's Fort, October 19, 1841
Watercolor
Courtesy of the American Philosophical Society, Philadelphia (120A)

Balsamorhiza deltoidea, Oregon, Nasqually [Nisqually]
Herbarium of the U.S. Exploring Expedition under the Command of Capt. Wilkes
Herbarium sheet
Courtesy of the National Museum of Natural History, Washington, D.C. (120C)

Asclepias speciosa, Torr. Valley of the Sacramento, California
Herbarium of the U.S. Exploring Expedition under the Command of Capt. Wilkes
Herbarium sheet
Courtesy of the National Museum of Natural History, Washington, D.C. (120D)

Charles L. Preuss(1803-1854)
Journal entry, "Hights of Mountains," 1843
Manuscript Division (122)

John Charles Frémont (1813-1890).
"Pass in the Sierra Nevada of California"
in Report of the Exploring Expedition to the Rocky Mountains in the Year 1842, and to Oregon and North California in the Years 1843-44.
Washington: Gales and Seaton, 1845
Rare Book and Special Collections Division (123)

Theodore Talbot (1825-1862)
Journal entry, August 5, 1843
Manuscript Division (125B)

John C. Frémont and Charles Preuss
Map of an Exploring Expedition to the Rocky Mountains in the Year 1842 and to Oregon and North California in the Years 1843-1844.
Engraved map with printed color and hand coloring
Geography and Map Division (126)

Baker & Godwin Col.
Frémont planting the American standard on the Rocky Mountains. New York: 1856
Wood engraving
Prints and Photographs Division (128)

Calycodemia fremontii, Gray [Frémont's expedition to California, 1845-1847]
Herbarium sheet
Courtesy of the National Museum of Natural History, Washington, D.C. (129a)

Scutellaria antirrhinoides var. californica, Gray [from Frémont's expedition to California, 1845-1847]
Hebarium sheet
Courtesy of the National Museum of Natural History, Washington, D.C. (129b)

Boundary Surveys

Oenothera primiveris, A. Gray subsc. primiveris
[Mexican Boundary Survey Collected Under the Direction of Major W. H. Emory, Commissioner Chiefly in the Rio Grande below Doñana by C. C. Parry, MD; J.M. Bigelow, MD; Mr. Charles Wright, and Mr. A. Schott]
Herbarium sheet
Courtesy of the National Museum of Natural History, Washington, D.C. (136A)

Quercus oblongifolia, Torr.
[Mexican Boundary Survey Collected Under the Direction of Major W. H. Emory, Commissioner Chiefly in the Rio Grande below Doñana by C. C. Parry, MD; J.M. Bigelow, MD; Mr. Charles Wright, and Mr. A. Schott]
Herbarium sheet
Courtesy of the National Museum of Natural History, Washington, D.C. (136B)

William Emory (1811-1887)
Report on the U.S. and Mexican Boundary Survey
in U.S. Congressional Set/U.S. House Executive Document [3 volumes].
Washington, D.C.: 1857-1859
Law Library (137a,b,c)

William Emory (1811-1887) Map no. 4, Boundary between the United States and Mexico Lithograph map
Geography and Map Division (138)

James Alden (1834-1922)
Camp Mooyie (1 1/4 miles N. of 49th Parallel). Peak Bears N. 20 W., 1860
Watercolor
Courtesy of the National Archives, Washington, D.C. (138A)

James Alden
Mooyie River Valley from Monument W. Side River Looking E. along the 49^th Parallel, 1859
Watercolor
Courtesy of the National Archives, Washington, D.C. (138B)

James Alden
View from Monument at Summit Looking W. Along 49^th Parallel. Highest Peak Kintla Range Bears S. 25. W
Watercolor
Courtesy of the National Archives, Washington, D.C. (138C)

Archibald Campbell
Detailed maps of the North West Boundary from point Roberts to the Rocky Mountains . . .
[British Columbia and Washington Territory]
[Washington, D.C.: ca. 1862]
Photo lithographic copies [two sheets]
Geography and Map Division (138D)

British Northwest Commission Boundary Survey
"Cutting the Boundary Line," 1858-1861
"Astronomical Observation Tent" [showing Captain Charles Darrah and Asst.]
"Garry the Spokan Chief and three of his men"
Albumen prints
Prints and Photographs Division (139a,b,d)

Epilogue--Transcontinental Railroad Surveys

Asa Whitney
[Map Showing the Railroad Routes to Santa Fe . . .]
from A Project for a Railroad to the Pacific. New York: 1849
Lithograph map
Geography and Map Division (140A)

[Pacific Railroad Surveys]
Reports of exploration and surveys, to Ascertain the Most Practicable and Economical Route for a Railroad from the Mississippi to the Pacific Ocean. Made Under the Direction of the Secretary of War in 1853-[6]. (13 volumes) [for Senate; 33^rd Congress, 2^nd session-Washington: Beverly Tucker Printer, 1857; for House 33^rd Congress, 2^nd session- Washington: A.O.P Nicholson Printer, 1856; for House 36^th Congress; 1^st session-Washington: Thomas H. Ford Printer, 1860.
Law Library and General Collections (142-l, 141A)

G.[ouverneur] K. [emble] Warren (1830-1882).
"Principal of Determinates of Longitude" [method of compiling map]
in Memoirs to Accompany the Map of the Territory . . . from the Mississippi River to the Pacific Ocean, 1859.
Washington: 1859
General Collections (142)

G. K. Warren
Map of the Territory of the United States from the Mississippi to the Pacific Ocean, 1857 (or 8)
[Compilation of Transcontinental Railroad routes]
Engraved map [printed color]
Geography and Map Division (143a,b)

George B. McClellan (1826-1885)
Journal kept May 20-December 15, 1853
Journal entry, "Indian Names with Total Distance"
Manuscript Division (145)

J. F. Minter
Portrait of "Path Finder," 1853 [George B. McClellan]
Pencil sketch in notebook July 18-October 17, 1853
Manuscript Division (146)

Gustavas Sohon (1825-1903)
View of Fort Vancouver
"Unfinished Study for Illustration in Gov. Stevens report"
Graphite on toned paper
Geography and Map Division (148)

Gustavas Sohon
Cour d'Alene Mission Established by the Jesuit Fathers in the Rocky Mountains in 1842
Graphite on paper
Geography and Map Division (149)

Currier & Ives Across the Continent.
"Westward the Course of Empire Takes Its Way."
New York: [1868] Lithograph
Prints and Photographs Division (151)

Union Pacific Railroad Company.
Progress of Their Road.
New York: Brown & Hewitt, Printer, 1867
Rare Book and Special Collections Division (155)

Report on the Impractibility of Building a Railroad.
Washington, D.C.: Cornelius Wendell, Printer, 1856
Pamphlet
Rare Book and Special Collections Division (157)

Highway to the Pacific Grand National Central Highway. Speech of Mr. Benton.
Washington, D.C.: Towers, printer, December 16, 1850
Pamphlet
Rare Book and Special Collections Division (158)

Go West over the Missouri Pacific or Atlantic & Pacific Railroad, via St. Louis Broadside
Rare Book and Special Collections Division (166)

Andrew Joseph Russell (1830-1902)
"Citadel Rock-Green River Valley"
in F.V. Hayden. Sun Pictures of Rocky Mountain Scenery.
New York: Julius Bien, 1870
Albumen silver print in album
Prints and Photographs Division (168)

Mark Ruwedel (b. 1954)
Union Pacific, Bridge at Green River after Russell
Gelatin silver print
Prints and Photographs Division (169)

Horace Hull.
"High water," Illinois, 1907 [railroad image]
Copyprint of gelatin silver print
Prints and Photographs Division (170A)