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Indium is produced mainly from residues generated during zinc ore processing. It was named after the indigo line in its atomic spectrum. The first large-scale application for indium was as a coating for bearings in high-performance aircraft engines during World War II. Afterwards, production gradually increased as new uses were found in fusible alloys, solders, and electronics. In the middle and late 1980's, the development of indium phosphide semiconductors and indium-tin-oxide thin films for Liquid Crystal Displays (LCD) aroused much interest. By 1992, the thin-film application had become the largest end use. The amount of indium consumed is largely a function of worldwide LCD production. Increased manufacturing efficiency and recycling (especially in Japan) maintain a balance between demand and supply. The average indium price for 2000 was $188 per kilogram.
Publications
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Annual Publications
- Indium
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- Appendixes
- Indium
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| 1994 | 1995 | 1996 | 1997 | 1998 | 1999 | 2000 | 2001 | 2002 | 2003 | 2004 | 2005 | 2006 | 2007 | 2008 | 2009 | 2010 |
XLS Format:
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- Archive
| 1932-1993 | - Recycling-Metals
Special Publications
- Byproduct mineral commodities used for the production of photovoltaic cells
Circular 1365 - Historical Statistics for Mineral and Material Commodities in the United States
Data Series 140 - Materials Flow of Indium in the United States in 2008 and 2009
Circular 1377 - Metal Prices in the United States through 1998
- Indium (PDF)
- Mineral Commodity Profiles: Indium
OF-2004-1300
Contact
- USGS Mineral Commodity Specialist
Amy C. Tolcin
Phone: 703-648-4940
Fax: 703-648-7757
Email: atolcin@usgs.gov
