The National Cancer Institute’s Mouse Models of Human Cancer Consortium (NCI-MMHCC) is a collaborative program designed to develop ways to apply Genetically Engineered Mouse Models (GEMMs) for translational science; preclinical and co-clinical drug testing, prevention research, susceptibility determination, and biomarker discovery. Funded by the NCI since 2000, the NCI-MMHCC has significantly advanced the science of in vivo and in vitro cancer modeling by deriving cancer-prone models through altering germlines of laboratory mice, developing a variety of organotypic co-culture systems, and grafting human tissues into immuno-compromised mice.  The 25 groups who comprise the Consortium more than 300 members at 50 institutions, including the NCI Center for Cancer Research in the US and abroad are experts in many aspects of basic, translational, and clinical cancer research, in engineering the mouse germline to simulate human cancers, and in using inbred mouse strains as models for human cancer susceptibility.