Report on Carcinogens

12th Report on Carcinogens (RoC)

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http://ntp.niehs.nih.gov/go/roc12
12th Report on Carcinogens U.S. Department of Health and Human Services Secretary Kathleen Sebelius released the 12th Report on Carcinogens on June 10, 2011. (Press Release) (Federal Register Notice)

The Report on Carcinogens (RoC) is a congressionally mandated, science-based, public health document that is prepared for the HHS Secretary by the National Toxicology Program.

The report identifies agents, substances, mixtures, and exposure circumstances that are known or reasonably anticipated to cause cancer in humans.


Download the 12th RoC Download Adobe Acrobat Reader to open this document (5.5 MB)

Newly reviewed substances in the 12th RoC

Aristolochic acids

Captafol

Certain glass wool fibers (inhalable)

Cobalt-tungsten carbide: powders and hard metals

Formaldehyde

ortho-Nitrotoluene

Riddelliine

Styrene

12th RoC document

Access Report Contents
  1. Introduction and the Report on Carcinogens Review Process
    1. IntroductionDownload Adobe Acrobat Reader to open this document(150 KB)
    2. NTP Report on Carcinogens Review ProcessDownload Adobe Acrobat Reader to open this document(310 KB)
  2. Substances Listed in the Twelfth Report on Carcinogens
    1. Listing Status
      1. Known To Be Human CarcinogensDownload Adobe Acrobat Reader to open this document(68 KB)
      2. Reasonably Anticipated To Be Human CarcinogensDownload Adobe Acrobat Reader to open this document(87 KB)
    2. Substance Profiles
      1. AcetaldehydeDownload Adobe Acrobat Reader to open this document(124 KB)
      2. 2-AcetylaminofluoreneDownload Adobe Acrobat Reader to open this document(90 KB)
      3. AcrylamideDownload Adobe Acrobat Reader to open this document(115 KB)
      4. AcrylonitrileDownload Adobe Acrobat Reader to open this document(106 KB)
      5. AdriamycinDownload Adobe Acrobat Reader to open this document(90 KB)
      6. AflatoxinsDownload Adobe Acrobat Reader to open this document(103 KB)
      7. Alcoholic Beverage ConsumptionDownload Adobe Acrobat Reader to open this document(83 KB)
      8. 2-AminoanthraquinoneDownload Adobe Acrobat Reader to open this document(109 KB)
      9. o-AminoazotolueneDownload Adobe Acrobat Reader to open this document(82 KB)
      10. 4-AminobiphenylDownload Adobe Acrobat Reader to open this document(141 KB)
      11. 1-Amino-2,4-dibromoanthraquinoneDownload Adobe Acrobat Reader to open this document(92 KB)
      12. 1-Amino-2-methylanthraquinoneDownload Adobe Acrobat Reader to open this document(108 KB)
      13. AmitroleDownload Adobe Acrobat Reader to open this document(137 KB)
      14. o-Anisidine and Its HydrochlorideDownload Adobe Acrobat Reader to open this document(108 KB)
      15. Aristolochic AcidsDownload Adobe Acrobat Reader to open this document(216 KB)
      16. Arsenic and Inorganic Arsenic CompoundsDownload Adobe Acrobat Reader to open this document(109 KB)
      17. AsbestosDownload Adobe Acrobat Reader to open this document(107 KB)
      18. AzacitidineDownload Adobe Acrobat Reader to open this document(96 KB)
      19. AzathioprineDownload Adobe Acrobat Reader to open this document(87 KB)
      20. Basic Red 9 MonohydrochlorideDownload Adobe Acrobat Reader to open this document(102 KB)
      21. BenzeneDownload Adobe Acrobat Reader to open this document(156 KB)
      22. Benzidine and Dyes Metabolized to BenzidineDownload Adobe Acrobat Reader to open this document(190 KB)
        1. Benzidine
        2. Dyes Metabolized to Benzidine (Benzidine Dye Class)
      23. BenzotrichlorideDownload Adobe Acrobat Reader to open this document(94 KB)
      24. Beryllium and Beryllium CompoundsDownload Adobe Acrobat Reader to open this document(106 KB)
      25. 2,2-Bis(bromomethyl)-1,3-propanediol (Technical Grade)Download Adobe Acrobat Reader to open this document(85 KB)
      26. Bis(chloromethyl) Ether and Technical-Grade Chloromethyl Methyl EtherDownload Adobe Acrobat Reader to open this document(94 KB)(91.66KB)
      27. BromodichloromethaneDownload Adobe Acrobat Reader to open this document(100 KB)
      28. 1,3-ButadieneDownload Adobe Acrobat Reader to open this document(136 KB)
      29. 1,4-Butanediol DimethanesulfonateDownload Adobe Acrobat Reader to open this document(79 KB)
      30. Butylated HydroxyanisoleDownload Adobe Acrobat Reader to open this document(94 KB)
      31. Cadmium and Cadmium CompoundsDownload Adobe Acrobat Reader to open this document(116 KB)
      32. CaptafolDownload Adobe Acrobat Reader to open this document(201 KB)
      33. Carbon TetrachlorideDownload Adobe Acrobat Reader to open this document(163 KB)
      34. Ceramic Fibers (Respirable Size)Download Adobe Acrobat Reader to open this document(102 KB)
      35. ChlorambucilDownload Adobe Acrobat Reader to open this document(89 KB)
      36. ChloramphenicolDownload Adobe Acrobat Reader to open this document(154 KB)
      37. Chlorendic AcidDownload Adobe Acrobat Reader to open this document(91 KB)
      38. Chlorinated Paraffins (C12, 60% Chlorine)Download Adobe Acrobat Reader to open this document(96 KB)
      39. ChloroformDownload Adobe Acrobat Reader to open this document(178 KB)
      40. 3-Chloro-2-methylpropeneDownload Adobe Acrobat Reader to open this document(91 KB)
      41. 4-Chloro-o-phenylenediamineDownload Adobe Acrobat Reader to open this document(115 KB)
      42. ChloropreneDownload Adobe Acrobat Reader to open this document(105 KB)
      43. p-Chloro-o-toluidine and Its HydrochlorideDownload Adobe Acrobat Reader to open this document(160 KB)
      44. Chromium Hexavalent CompoundsDownload Adobe Acrobat Reader to open this document(136 KB)
      45. CisplatinDownload Adobe Acrobat Reader to open this document(141 KB)
      46. Coal Tars and Coal-Tar PitchesDownload Adobe Acrobat Reader to open this document(110 KB)
      47. Cobalt SulfateDownload Adobe Acrobat Reader to open this document(148 KB)
      48. CobaltTungsten Carbide: Powders and Hard MetalsDownload Adobe Acrobat Reader to open this document(175 KB)
      49. Coke-Oven EmissionsDownload Adobe Acrobat Reader to open this document(88 KB)
      50. p-CresidineDownload Adobe Acrobat Reader to open this document(126 KB)
      51. CupferronDownload Adobe Acrobat Reader to open this document(83 KB)
      52. CyclophosphamideDownload Adobe Acrobat Reader to open this document(109 KB)
      53. Cyclosporin ADownload Adobe Acrobat Reader to open this document(144 KB)
      54. DacarbazineDownload Adobe Acrobat Reader to open this document(128 KB)
      55. DanthronDownload Adobe Acrobat Reader to open this document(128 KB)
      56. 2,4-Diaminoanisole SulfateDownload Adobe Acrobat Reader to open this document(129 KB)
      57. 2,4-DiaminotolueneDownload Adobe Acrobat Reader to open this document(98 KB)
      58. DiazoaminobenzeneDownload Adobe Acrobat Reader to open this document(133 KB)
      59. 1,2-Dibromo-3-chloropropaneDownload Adobe Acrobat Reader to open this document(140 KB)
      60. 1,2-DibromoethaneDownload Adobe Acrobat Reader to open this document(117 KB)
      61. 2,3-Dibromo-1-propanolDownload Adobe Acrobat Reader to open this document(123 KB)
      62. 1,4-DichlorobenzeneDownload Adobe Acrobat Reader to open this document(122 KB)
      63. 3,3'-Dichlorobenzidine and Its DihydrochlorideDownload Adobe Acrobat Reader to open this document(123 KB)
      64. DichlorodiphenyltrichloroethaneDownload Adobe Acrobat Reader to open this document(165 KB)
      65. 1,2-DichloroethaneDownload Adobe Acrobat Reader to open this document(158 KB)
      66. DichloromethaneDownload Adobe Acrobat Reader to open this document(160 KB)
      67. 1,3-Dichloropropene (Technical Grade)Download Adobe Acrobat Reader to open this document(125 KB)
      68. DiepoxybutaneDownload Adobe Acrobat Reader to open this document(126 KB)
      69. Diesel Exhaust ParticulatesDownload Adobe Acrobat Reader to open this document(116 KB)
      70. Di(2-ethylhexyl) PhthalateDownload Adobe Acrobat Reader to open this document(183 KB)
      71. DiethylstilbestrolDownload Adobe Acrobat Reader to open this document(162 KB)
      72. Diethyl SulfateDownload Adobe Acrobat Reader to open this document(139 KB)
      73. Diglycidyl Resorcinol EtherDownload Adobe Acrobat Reader to open this document(122 KB)
      74. 3,3'-Dimethoxybenzidine and Dyes Metabolized to 3,3'-DimethoxybenzidineDownload Adobe Acrobat Reader to open this document(138 KB)
        1. 3,3'-Dimethoxybenzidine
        2. Dyes Metabolized to 3,3'-Dimethoxybenzidine (3,3'-Dimethoxybenzidine Dye Class)
      75. 4-DimethylaminoazobenzeneDownload Adobe Acrobat Reader to open this document(139 KB)
      76. 3,3'-Dimethylbenzidine and Dyes Metabolized to 3,3'-DimethylbenzidineDownload Adobe Acrobat Reader to open this document(184 KB)
        1. 3,3'-Dimethylbenzidine
        2. Dyes Metabolized to 3,3'-Dimethylbenzidine (3,3'-Dimethylbenzidine Dye Class)
      77. Dimethylcarbamoyl ChlorideDownload Adobe Acrobat Reader to open this document(124 KB)
      78. 1,1-DimethylhydrazineDownload Adobe Acrobat Reader to open this document(141 KB)
      79. Dimethyl SulfateDownload Adobe Acrobat Reader to open this document(136 KB)
      80. Dimethylvinyl ChlorideDownload Adobe Acrobat Reader to open this document(121 KB)
      81. 1,4-DioxaneDownload Adobe Acrobat Reader to open this document(174 KB)
      82. Disperse BlueDownload Adobe Acrobat Reader to open this document(140 KB)
      83. EpichlorohydrinDownload Adobe Acrobat Reader to open this document(181 KB)
      84. ErioniteDownload Adobe Acrobat Reader to open this document(87 KB)
      85. Estrogens, SteroidalDownload Adobe Acrobat Reader to open this document(138 KB)
      86. Ethylene OxideDownload Adobe Acrobat Reader to open this document(195 KB)
      87. Ethylene ThioureaDownload Adobe Acrobat Reader to open this document(117 KB)
      88. Ethyl MethanesulfonateDownload Adobe Acrobat Reader to open this document(88 KB)
      89. FormaldehydeDownload Adobe Acrobat Reader to open this document(287 KB) [See Addendum]
      90. FuranDownload Adobe Acrobat Reader to open this document(171 KB)
      91. Certain Glass Wool Fibers (Inhalable)Download Adobe Acrobat Reader to open this document(209 KB)
      92. GlycidolDownload Adobe Acrobat Reader to open this document(138 KB)
      93. Hepatitis B VirusDownload Adobe Acrobat Reader to open this document(103 KB)
      94. Hepatitis C VirusDownload Adobe Acrobat Reader to open this document(104 KB)
      95. Heterocyclic Amines (Selected)Download Adobe Acrobat Reader to open this document(239 KB)
        1. 2-Amino-3,4-dimethylimidazo[4,5-f]quinoline
        2. 2-Amino-3,8-dimethylimidazo[4,5-f]quinoxaline
        3. 2-Amino-3-methylimidazo[4,5-f]quinoline
        4. 2-Amino-1-methyl-6-phenylimidazo[4,5-b]pyridine
      96. HexachlorobenzeneDownload Adobe Acrobat Reader to open this document(183 KB)
      97. HexachloroethaneDownload Adobe Acrobat Reader to open this document(171 KB)
      98. HexamethylphosphoramideDownload Adobe Acrobat Reader to open this document(142 KB)
      99. Human Papillomaviruses: Some Genital-Mucosal TypesDownload Adobe Acrobat Reader to open this document(112 KB)
      100. Hydrazine and Hydrazine SulfateDownload Adobe Acrobat Reader to open this document(175 KB)
      101. HydrazobenzeneDownload Adobe Acrobat Reader to open this document(147 KB)
      102. Ionizing RadiationDownload Adobe Acrobat Reader to open this document(203 KB)
        1. X-Radiation and Gamma Radiation
        2. Neutrons
        3. Radon
        4. Thorium Dioxide
      103. Iron Dextran ComplexDownload Adobe Acrobat Reader to open this document(93 KB)
      104. IsopreneDownload Adobe Acrobat Reader to open this document(200 KB)
      105. KeponeDownload Adobe Acrobat Reader to open this document(146 KB)
      106. Lead and Lead CompoundsDownload Adobe Acrobat Reader to open this document(142 KB)
      107. Lindane, Hexachlorocyclohexane (Technical Grade), and Other Hexachlorocyclohexane IsomersDownload Adobe Acrobat Reader to open this document(174 KB)
      108. MelphalanDownload Adobe Acrobat Reader to open this document(137 KB)
      109. Methoxsalen with Ultraviolet A TherapyDownload Adobe Acrobat Reader to open this document(152 KB)
      110. 2-MethylaziridineDownload Adobe Acrobat Reader to open this document(145 KB)
      111. 4,4'-Methylenebis(2-chloroaniline)Download Adobe Acrobat Reader to open this document(168 KB)
      112. 4,4'-Methylenebis(N,N-dimethyl)benzenamineDownload Adobe Acrobat Reader to open this document(99 KB)
      113. 4,4'-Methylenedianiline and Its DihydrochlorideDownload Adobe Acrobat Reader to open this document(164 KB)
      114. MethyleugenolDownload Adobe Acrobat Reader to open this document(157 KB)
      115. Methyl MethanesulfonateDownload Adobe Acrobat Reader to open this document(127 KB)
      116. MetronidazoleDownload Adobe Acrobat Reader to open this document(101 KB)
      117. Michlers KetoneDownload Adobe Acrobat Reader to open this document(137 KB)
      118. Mineral Oils: Untreated and Mildly TreatedDownload Adobe Acrobat Reader to open this document(95 KB)
      119. MirexDownload Adobe Acrobat Reader to open this document(166 KB)
      120. Mustard GasDownload Adobe Acrobat Reader to open this document(139 KB)
      121. NaphthaleneDownload Adobe Acrobat Reader to open this document(170 KB)
      122. 2-NaphthylamineDownload Adobe Acrobat Reader to open this document(148 KB)
      123. Nickel Compounds and Metallic NickelDownload Adobe Acrobat Reader to open this document(137 KB)
        1. Nickel Compounds
        2. Metallic Nickel
      124. Nitrilotriacetic AcidDownload Adobe Acrobat Reader to open this document(153 KB)
      125. o-NitroanisoleDownload Adobe Acrobat Reader to open this document(146 KB)
      126. Nitroarenes (Selected)Download Adobe Acrobat Reader to open this document(339 KB)
        1. 1,6-Dinitropyrene
        2. 1,8-Dinitropyrene
        3. 6-Nitrochrysene
        4. 1-Nitropyrene
        5. 4-Nitropyrene
      127. NitrobenzeneDownload Adobe Acrobat Reader to open this document(156 KB)
      128. NitrofenDownload Adobe Acrobat Reader to open this document(100 KB)
      129. Nitrogen Mustard HydrochlorideDownload Adobe Acrobat Reader to open this document(151 KB)
      130. NitromethaneDownload Adobe Acrobat Reader to open this document(149 KB)
      131. 2-NitropropaneDownload Adobe Acrobat Reader to open this document(154 KB)
      132. N-Nitrosamines: 15 ListingsDownload Adobe Acrobat Reader to open this document(445 KB)
        1. N-Methyl-N'-Nitro-N-Nitrosoguanidine
        2. N-Nitrosodi-n-butylamine
        3. N-Nitrosodiethanolamine
        4. N-Nitrosodiethylamine
        5. N-Nitrosodimethylamine
        6. N-Nitrosodi-n-propylamine
        7. N-Nitroso-N-ethylurea
        8. 4-(N-Nitrosomethylamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone
        9. N-Nitroso-N-methylurea
        10. N-Nitrosomethylvinylamine
        11. N-Nitrosomorpholine
        12. N-Nitrosonornicotine
        13. N-Nitrosopiperidine
        14. N-Nitrosopyrrolidine
        15. N-Nitrososarcosine
      133. Nitrosourea Chemotherapeutic AgentsDownload Adobe Acrobat Reader to open this document(294 KB)
        1. Bis(chloroethyl) Nitrosourea
        2. 1-(2-Chloroethyl)-3-cyclohexyl-1-nitrosourea
        3. 1-(2-Chloroethyl)-3-(4-methylcyclohexyl)-1-nitrosourea
        4. Chlorozotocin
        5. Streptozotocin
      134. o-NitrotolueneDownload Adobe Acrobat Reader to open this document(207 KB)
      135. NorethisteroneDownload Adobe Acrobat Reader to open this document(146 KB)
      136. Ochratoxin ADownload Adobe Acrobat Reader to open this document(182 KB)
      137. 4,4'-OxydianilineDownload Adobe Acrobat Reader to open this document(149 KB)
      138. OxymetholoneDownload Adobe Acrobat Reader to open this document(111 KB)
      139. Phenacetin and Analgesic Mixtures Containing PhenacetinDownload Adobe Acrobat Reader to open this document(105 KB)
        1. Phenacetin
        2. Analgesic Mixtures Containing Phenacetin
      140. Phenazopyridine HydrochlorideDownload Adobe Acrobat Reader to open this document(137 KB)
      141. PhenolphthaleinDownload Adobe Acrobat Reader to open this document(119 KB)
      142. Phenoxybenzamine HydrochlorideDownload Adobe Acrobat Reader to open this document(96 KB)
      143. Phenytoin and Phenytoin SodiumDownload Adobe Acrobat Reader to open this document(210 KB)
      144. Polybrominated BiphenylsDownload Adobe Acrobat Reader to open this document(169 KB)
      145. Polychlorinated BiphenylsDownload Adobe Acrobat Reader to open this document(148 KB)
      146. Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons: 15 ListingsDownload Adobe Acrobat Reader to open this document(218 KB)
        1. Benz[a]anthracene
        2. Benzo[b]fluoranthene
        3. Benzo[j]fluoranthene
        4. Benzo[k]fluoranthene
        5. Benzo[a]pyrene
        6. Dibenz[a,h]acridine
        7. Dibenz[a,j]acridine
        8. Dibenz[a,h]anthracene
        9. 7H-Dibenzo[c,g]carbazole
        10. Dibenzo[a,e]pyrene
        11. Dibenzo[a,h]pyrene
        12. Dibenzo[a,i]pyrene
        13. Dibenzo[a,l]pyrene
        14. Indeno[1,2,3-cd]pyrene
        15. 5-Methylchrysene
      147. Procarbazine and Its HydrochlorideDownload Adobe Acrobat Reader to open this document(156 KB)
      148. ProgesteroneDownload Adobe Acrobat Reader to open this document(167 KB)
      149. 1,3-Propane SultoneDownload Adobe Acrobat Reader to open this document(147 KB)
      150. β-PropiolactoneDownload Adobe Acrobat Reader to open this document(110 KB)
      151. Propylene OxideDownload Adobe Acrobat Reader to open this document(166 KB)
      152. PropylthiouracilDownload Adobe Acrobat Reader to open this document(147 KB)
      153. ReserpineDownload Adobe Acrobat Reader to open this document(109 KB)
      154. RiddelliineDownload Adobe Acrobat Reader to open this document(196 KB)
      155. SafroleDownload Adobe Acrobat Reader to open this document(156 KB)
      156. Selenium SulfideDownload Adobe Acrobat Reader to open this document(143 KB)
      157. Silica, Crystalline (Respirable Size)Download Adobe Acrobat Reader to open this document(106 KB)
      158. SootsDownload Adobe Acrobat Reader to open this document(88 KB)
      159. Strong Inorganic Acid Mists Containing Sulfuric AcidDownload Adobe Acrobat Reader to open this document(185 KB)
      160. StyreneDownload Adobe Acrobat Reader to open this document(363 KB)
      161. Styrene-7,8-oxideDownload Adobe Acrobat Reader to open this document(167 KB)
      162. SulfallateDownload Adobe Acrobat Reader to open this document(137 KB)
      163. TamoxifenDownload Adobe Acrobat Reader to open this document(186 KB)
      164. 2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxinDownload Adobe Acrobat Reader to open this document(190 KB)
      165. TetrachloroethyleneDownload Adobe Acrobat Reader to open this document(181 KB)
      166. TetrafluoroethyleneDownload Adobe Acrobat Reader to open this document(157 KB)
      167. TetranitromethaneDownload Adobe Acrobat Reader to open this document(148 KB)
      168. ThioacetamideDownload Adobe Acrobat Reader to open this document(146 KB)
      169. 4,4'-ThiodianilineDownload Adobe Acrobat Reader to open this document(106 KB)
      170. ThiotepaDownload Adobe Acrobat Reader to open this document(150 KB)
      171. ThioureaDownload Adobe Acrobat Reader to open this document(155 KB)
      172. Tobacco-Related ExposuresDownload Adobe Acrobat Reader to open this document(156 KB)
        1. Tobacco Smoking
        2. Environmental Tobacco Smoke
        3. SmokelessTobacco
      173. Toluene DiisocyanatesDownload Adobe Acrobat Reader to open this document(196 KB)
      174. o-Toluidine and Its HydrochlorideDownload Adobe Acrobat Reader to open this document(122 KB)
      175. ToxapheneDownload Adobe Acrobat Reader to open this document(123 KB)
      176. TrichloroethyleneDownload Adobe Acrobat Reader to open this document(213 KB)
      177. 2,4,6-TrichlorophenolDownload Adobe Acrobat Reader to open this document(174 KB)
      178. 1,2,3-TrichloropropaneDownload Adobe Acrobat Reader to open this document(177 KB)
      179. Tris(2,3-dibromopropyl) PhosphateDownload Adobe Acrobat Reader to open this document(159 KB)
      180. Ultraviolet Radiation Related ExposuresDownload Adobe Acrobat Reader to open this document(136 KB)
        1. Solar Radiation
        2. Exposure to Sunlamps or Sunbeds
        3. Broad-Spectrum UVR
        4. UVA
        5. UVB
        6. UVC
      181. UrethaneDownload Adobe Acrobat Reader to open this document(177 KB)
      182. 4-Vinyl-1-cyclohexene DiepoxideDownload Adobe Acrobat Reader to open this document(149 KB)
      183. Vinyl Halides (Selected)Download Adobe Acrobat Reader to open this document(166 KB)
        1. Vinyl Bromide
        2. Vinyl Chloride
        3. Vinyl Fluoride
      184. Wood DustDownload Adobe Acrobat Reader to open this document(106 KB)
    3. GlossaryDownload Adobe Acrobat Reader to open this document(190 KB)
    4. Acronyms and AbbreviationsDownload Adobe Acrobat Reader to open this document(77 KB)
    5. Units of MeasurementDownload Adobe Acrobat Reader to open this document(76 KB)
  3. Appendix A: Manufacturing Processes, Occupations, and Exposure Circumstances Classified by IARC as Category 1, Carcinogenic To HumansDownload Adobe Acrobat Reader to open this document(67 KB)
  4. Appendix B: Substances Delisted from the Report on CarcinogensDownload Adobe Acrobat Reader to open this document(132 KB)
  5. Appendix C: Substances Reviewed but Not Recommended for Listing in the Report on CarcinogensDownload Adobe Acrobat Reader to open this document(67 KB)
  6. Appendix D: List of ParticipantsDownload Adobe Acrobat Reader to open this document(117 KB)
  7. Appendix E: Chemicals Nominated to the NTP in Fiscal Years 2004 to 2009 for In-Depth Toxicological EvaluationDownload Adobe Acrobat Reader to open this document(204 KB)
  8. Appendix F: Substance Names and Common SynonymsDownload Adobe Acrobat Reader to open this document(165 KB)
  9. Appendix G: List of Substances by CAS NumberDownload Adobe Acrobat Reader to open this document(84 KB)

Addendum to the 12th RoCDownload Adobe Acrobat Reader to open this document(70 KB)
Official Citation: NTP. 2011. Report on Carcinogens, Twelfth Edition. Research Triangle Park, NC: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, National Toxicology Program. 499 pp.

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