Polycystic (pronounced pah-lee-SIS-tik) ovary syndrome, or PCOS, is a set of symptoms related to a hormonal imbalance that occurs in women and girls of reproductive age. PCOS may cause menstrual cycle changes, skin changes, cysts in the ovaries, and infertility. NICHD scientists are currently investigating the causes of PCOS, possible treatments, and ways to prevent this problem.
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Fast Facts
Common names
- Polycystic ovary syndrome
- Polycystic ovarian syndrome
- PCOS
- Hyperandrogenism (pronounced hahy-per-an-DROJ-uh-niz-uhm)
- Androgen excess syndrome
Medical or scientific name
- Polycystic ovary syndrome
Causes
The exact cause of PCOS is unknown. It is likely that certain genetic and environmental factors interact to cause PCOS.
Number of women affected
Estimates suggest that PCOS affects 5% to 10% of females of reproductive age.
Common symptoms
- Infertility
- Menstrual irregularities
- Fluid-filled sacs or cysts on the ovaries
- Excess body and facial hair, called hirsutism (pronounced HUR-soo-tiz-uhm)
- Acne or oily skin
- Patches of dark, thick skin, called acanthosis nigricans (pronounced ay-kan-THOE-sis NY-grih-kanz)
Common treatments
- Lifestyle changes such as weight loss and exercise
- Medications such as oral contraceptives and insulin sensitizers
- Cosmetic methods of removing excess hair and reducing acne
- Medications to stimulate ovulation and improve chances of pregnancy in those who are trying to conceive