Adrian Kantrowitz (1918-2008) was an American heart surgeon and medical investigator responsible for pioneering developments in circulatory assist devices, artificial organs, medical electronics, heart transplantation, and research motion pictures. He was one of America's most prolific surgeon-inventors and is best known for performing the first human heart transplant in the United States. His innovations included cardiac pacemakers, mechanical left heart devices, and the intraaortic balloon pump, which is still used in thousands of cardiac patients each year.

The Adrian Kantrowitz papers, which range from 1944 to 2004, are available on NLM's Profiles in Science at http://profiles.nlm.nih.gov. The collection contains photographs, slides, grant material, correspondence, publications, conference material, publicity clippings, and audio-visual media.