Section 510 of the Rehabilitation Act, as amended by the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act, requires the Access Board, in consultation with the Food and Drug Administration, to issue accessibility standards that contain minimum technical criteria to ensure that medical diagnostic equipment is accessible to and useable by patients with disabilities. The statutory deadline for issuing the standards is March 23, 2012. The standards do not impose any mandatory requirements on health care providers or medical device manufacturers. However, other agencies, referred to as an enforcing authority in the standards, may issue regulations or adopt policies that require health care providers subject to their jurisdiction to acquire accessible medical diagnostic equipment that conforms to the standards.
The Access Board prepared this preliminary regulatory assessment to meet the requirements of Executive Order 13563 (Improving Regulation and Regulatory Review) and Executive Order 12866 (Regulatory Planning and Review) for the Notice of Proposed Rulemaking (NPRM) requesting public comment on the proposed standards. Among other things, Executive Order 13563 directs agencies to propose or adopt a regulation only upon a reasoned determination that its benefits justify its costs; tailor the regulation to impose the least burden on society, consistent with obtaining the regulatory objectives; and, in choosing among alternative regulatory approaches, select those approaches that maximize net benefits. Executive Order 13563 recognizes that some benefits and costs are difficult to quantify and provides that, where appropriate and permitted by law, agencies may consider and discuss qualitatively values that are difficult or impossible to quantify, including equity, human dignity, fairness, and distributive impacts.
The U.S. Census Bureau reports that 54.4 million Americans, about one in five U.S. residents, reported some level of disability in 2005.[1] The number of individuals with disabilities is almost equal to the combined total population of California and Florida. The U.S. Census Bureau provides this breakdown of the population of people aged 15 and older:
The prevalence of disability increases with age. The Administration on Aging reports that there were 39.6 million persons age 65 or older in the United States in 2009, and that this population is expected to increase to 55 million in 2020.[2] Among this population, 37 percent reported some type of disability in 2005.[3]
A national survey collected information on the types of medical equipment that is most difficult for individuals with disabilities to access and use.[4] The survey was completed by a diverse sample of individuals with a wide range of disabilities, including mobility disabilities and sensory disabilities. Survey respondents who had experience with specific medical equipment rated their degree of difficulty when attempting to access or use the equipment as follows:
Survey respondents reported difficulties with getting on and off the equipment, positioning their bodies on the equipment, physical comfort and safety, and communication issues. Focus group sessions of individuals with disabilities reported that participants find examination tables, imaging equipment, and other diagnostic equipment not only difficult but unsafe to use, and that these negative health care experiences can result in their not scheduling regular medical examinations and diagnostic procedures.[5]
A report on the “The Current State of Health Care for People with Disabilities” issued by the National Council on Disability found that individuals with disabilities experienced significant health disparities and barriers to health care, as compared to individuals without disabilities.[6] Among the key barriers cited in the report is the lack of accessible examination equipment. A report on the “Importance of Accessible Examination Tables, Chairs and Weight Scales” issued by the Center for Disability Issues and the Health Professions discusses how the lack of accessible equipment reduces the likelihood that individuals with disabilities will receive timely and appropriate health care.[7] Health care providers may not perform some diagnostic procedures for patients with disabilities because they lack accessible equipment. This can result in suboptimal examinations, missed or delayed diagnoses, and worsening conditions that require more expensive and extensive treatments.
The proposed standards address many of the barriers that have been identified as affecting the accessibility and usability of diagnostic equipment by individuals with disabilities. The standards will ensure that medical diagnostic equipment is accessible to and usable by individuals with disabilities, and will allow independent entry to, use of, and exit from the equipment by such individuals to the maximum extent possible. The standards will improve the quality of health care for individuals with disabilities and ensure that they receive examinations, diagnostic procedures, and other health care services equal to those received by individuals without disabilities. The standards will facilitate independent transfers by individuals with disabilities onto and off of diagnostic equipment, and enable them to maintain their independence, confidence, and dignity. The standards will lessen the need for health care personnel to assist individuals with disabilities when transferring on and off of diagnostic equipment. Where assisted transfers are necessary, the proposed standards will also facilitate such transfers. The proposed standards will reduce the risk of injury during transfers to both health care personnel and patients.[8] The proposed standards will result in more positive health care experiences for individuals with disabilities and health care providers.
The proposed standards do not impose any mandatory requirements on health care providers or medical device manufacturers. Thus, there are no compliance costs that can be attributed to the proposed standards. As discussed below, if an enforcing authority such as the Department of Justice (DOJ) adopts the standards as mandatory requirements for entities subject to its jurisdiction, health care providers may experience some compliance costs. Medical device manufacturers may have an economic incentive to produce accessible products that conform to the standards for health care providers who need to acquire accessible medical diagnostic equipment.
The Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) and Section 504 of the Rehabilitation Act are civil rights laws that prohibit discrimination on the basis of disability. Title II of the ADA (42 U.S.C. 12131 to 12165) applies to state and local governments, and Title III of the ADA (42 U.S.C. 12189 to 12189) applies to private entities that are public accommodations such as health care providers. Section 504 of the Rehabilitation Act (29 U.S.C. 792) applies to recipients of federal financial assistance such as Medicaid and federally conducted programs.
Pursuant to the ADA and Section 504 of the Rehabilitation Act, health care providers must provide individuals with disabilities full and equal access to their health care services and facilities. DOJ has entered into settlement agreements with health care providers to enforce the ADA and Section 504 of the Rehabilitation Act. In July 2010, DOJ and the Department of Health and Human Services issued a guidance document for health care providers regarding their responsibilities to make their services and facilities accessible to individuals with mobility disabilities under the ADA and Section 504 of the Rehabilitation Act. See Access to Medical Care for Individuals with Mobility Disabilities available at: http://www.ada.gov/medcare_ta.htm. The guidance document includes information on accessible examination rooms and the clear floor space needed adjacent to medical equipment for individuals who use mobility devices to approach the equipment for transfer; accessible medical equipment (e.g., examination tables and chairs, mammography equipment, weight scales); patient lifts and other methods for transferring individuals from their mobility devices to medical equipment; and training health care personnel.
In July 2010, DOJ also issued an advance notice of proposed rulemaking (ANPRM) announcing that, pursuant to the obligation that has always existed under the ADA for covered entities to provide accessible equipment and furniture, it was considering amending its regulations implementing Titles II and III of the ADA to include specific standards for the design and use of accessible equipment and furniture that is not fixed or built into a facility in order to ensure that programs and services provided by state and local governments and by public accommodations are accessible to individuals with disabilities. See 75 FR 43452 (July 26, 2010). Among other things, the ANPRM stated that DOJ was considering amending its ADA regulations to specifically require health care providers to acquire accessible medical equipment and that it would consider adopting the standards issued by the Access Board. DOJ also indicated its intention to include in its ADA regulations scoping requirements that specify the minimum number of types of accessible medical equipment required in different types of health care facilities. If DOJ proposes to amend its ADA regulations as announced in the ANPRM, it will publish a notice of proposed rulemaking (NPRM) requesting public comment and will prepare a regulatory assessment in accordance with Executive Orders 13563 and 12866.
If DOJ amends its ADA regulations as announced in the ANPRM, medical device manufacturers may have an economic incentive to produce accessible products that conform to the standards for health care providers who need to acquire accessible medical diagnostic equipment. The size of the economic incentive will depend on the amount of accessible medical diagnostic equipment health care providers need to acquire and the manufacturers’ incremental costs to design or redesign and manufacture accessible products that conform to the standards.
Many medical device manufacturers currently incorporate accessible features in some of their products such as patient support surfaces that are height adjustable, transfer and positioning supports, and scales designed for use by patients seated in a wheelchair. The incremental costs for manufacturers to conform these products to the standards are expected to be small because the features may already meet or closely meet the standards. The incremental costs may be greater for manufacturers that do not currently incorporate accessible features in their products but plan to do so in future designs or redesigns of their products. The incremental costs to design or redesign and manufacture accessible products that conform to the standards will be incurred voluntarily by manufacturers that choose to produce them for health care providers who need to acquire accessible medical diagnostic equipment. Some manufacturers may choose not to design or redesign and manufacture accessible products that conform to the standards, or may produce accessible products with less market appeal than that of their competitors, thereby losing market share and incurring losses. These economic impacts are not regulatory costs and are not generally social costs because for the most part, one manufacturer’s loss is another manufacturer’s gain.
The following questions in the NPRM preamble request comments on the incremental costs to design or redesign and manufacture accessible products that conform to the technical criteria in the proposed standards, as well as alternative and additional technical criteria that the Access Board is considering:
The Access Board will consider the information provided in the comments when preparing the final standards, and will provide an analysis of the incremental costs with the final standards.
The Access Board and its contractor, Eastern Research Group, collected product data and unit costs for a broad sample of examination tables and weight scales, including products with accessible features. The Access Board and Eastern Research Group did not evaluate the products for conformance with the proposed standards and do not endorse any of the products included in the sample. The Access Board and Eastern Research Group used the Internet to collect the product data and unit costs. Medical equipment suppliers typically list the manufacturer suggested retail price (MSRP) for the products on their web sites and sell the products at discounted prices. The discounted prices for the same product can vary widely among medical equipment suppliers. Health care providers typically purchase the products for less than the MSRP (i.e., actual price paid is less than MRSP). The unit costs in the tables below are the MSRP, and are shown as a range of lower cost and higher cost products rounded to the nearest $50. The data shows that there are a wide variety of examination tables and weight scales available to meet almost every budget.
Product data and unit costs for examination chairs and imaging equipment will be provided when the final standards are issued.
Product data and unit costs were collected for examination tables produced by five manufacturers. The manufacturer’s web sites typically grouped the tables by the following types: treatment tables, manual tables, and power tables.[9] The number of each type of table made by the manufacturers, the number of tables included in the sample, and range of lower cost and higher cost products are summarized below.
Table Type | Products | Products in Sample | Lower Cost Products MSRP | Higher Cost Products MSRP |
---|---|---|---|---|
Treatment | 74 | 20 | $400 – $850 | $850 – $1,450 |
Manual | 15 | 9 | $1,250 | $2,250 |
Power | 30 | 25 | $1,650 – $2,900 | $3,650 – $16,800 |
Treatment tables typically have a flat top. Some products have adjustable backrests, but the backrests typically cannot support patients in a sitting position. Treatment tables typically have a fixed height of 31 inches measured from the floor to the top of the table. The lower cost products have an open base with an H-brace or shelf. The higher cost products have cabinets, drawers, or shelves. Adjustable height treatment tables are available, but are not included in the sample. The MSRP for adjustable height treatment tables ranged from $1,500 to $2,400.
Manual tables typically have a fully articulated, pneumatic backrest. The backrests typically can support patients in a seated position and recline to a lying position. Manual tables typically have a fixed height of 32 inches measured from the floor to the top of the table. Manual tables typically have cabinets, drawers, or shelves.
Power tables have an electric motor that can adjust the table height to as low as 18 inches and as high as 40 inches above the floor on some products. The higher cost products have a fully articulated, pneumatic or powered, backrest that can support patients in a seated position and recline to a lying position. Some power tables have armrests, grab rails, side rails, and cabinets or drawers.
Product data and unit costs were collected for weight scales produced by eight manufacturers. The scales are grouped by the following types: stand-on scales and wheelchair scales. Within each group, there are mechanical and digital scales. Unit costs are presented for stand-on scales with and without handrails. Unit costs are presented for wheelchair scales with raised platforms and with flush platforms in the floor. The number of stand-on scales and wheelchair scales made by the manufacturers, the number of scales included in the sample, and range of lower cost and higher cost products are summarized below.
Stand-On Scales | Products | Products in Sample | Lower Cost Products MSRP | Higher Cost Products MSRP |
---|---|---|---|---|
Mechanical without Handrails | 22 | 3 | $250 | $550 |
Mechanical with Handrails | 1 | 1 | $700 | $700 |
Digital without Handrails | 50 | 15 | $300 – $600 | $700 – $1,200 |
Digital with Handrails | 21 | 9 | $600 – $1,050 | $1,750 – $2,600 |
Stand-on mechanical scales typically have a weight capacity ranging from 400 to 500 pounds. Stand-on digital scales without handrails typically have a weight capacity ranging from 400 to 750 pounds, and the higher cost products typically have larger platforms. Stand-on digital scales with handrails typically have a weight capacity ranging from 500 to 1,000 pounds, and the higher cost products typically are bariatric scales.
Wheelchair Scales | Products[10] | Products in Sample | Lower Cost Products MSRP | Higher Cost Products MSRP |
---|---|---|---|---|
Mechanical with Ramped Platform | 2 | 2 | $1,200 | $2,900 |
Digital with Ramped Platform | 32 | 15 | $800 – $1,700 | $2,100 – $4,950 |
Digital with Flush Platform in Floor | 8 | 5 | $3,300 | $6,500 |
Wheelchair mechanical scales with a ramped platform typically have a weight capacity ranging from 350 to 500 pounds. Wheelchair digital scales with a ramped platform typically have a weight capacity ranging from 800 to 1,000 pounds. Wheelchair digital scales with a flush platform in the floor typically have a weight capacity of 1,000 pounds. Some wheelchair digital scales have standard or optional handrails for use as a stand-on bariatric scale.
The Access Board has made a preliminary determination based on the preliminary regulatory assessment that the benefits of the proposed standards will justify the costs; that the proposed standards will impose the least burden on society, consistent with obtaining the regulatory objectives; and that the regulatory approach selected will maximize net benefits.
January 30, 2012
[1] “Americans with Disabilities: 2005” (2008) available at: http://www.census.gov/prod/2008pubs/p70-117.pdf.
[2] “A Profile of Older Americans: 2010” available at: http://www.aoa.gov/AoARoot/Aging_Statistics/Profile/index.aspx.
[3] See footnote 1.
[4] The results of the survey are reported in Jill M. Winters, Molly Follette Story, Kris Barnekow, June Issacson Kailes, Brenda Premo, Erin Schier, Sarma Danturthi, and Jack M. Winters, “Results of a National Survey on Accessibility of Medical Instrumentation for Consumers,” in “Medical Instrumentation Accessibility and Usability Considerations,” edited by Jack M. Winters and Molly Follette Story (Boca Raton, CRC Press, 2007), 13-27.
[5] The results of the focus group sessions are reported in Molly Follette Story, Erin Schwier, and June Issacson Kailes, “Perspectives of Patients with Disabilities on the Accessibility of Medical Equipment: Examination Tables, Imaging Equipment, Medical Chairs, and Weight Scales,” Disability and Health Journal 2 (2009), 169-179.
[6] The report is available at: http://www.ncd.gov/publications/2009/Sept302009.
[7] The report is available at: http://www.cdihp.org/products.html#tables.
[8] Lifting and transferring patients is a major risk factor for back injury among nurses and health aides. See Alan Hedge, “Back Care for Nurses” available at: http://www.spineuniverse.com/wellness/ergonomics/back-care-nurses.
[9] Bariatric tables were not included.
[10] One of the manufacturers makes digital wheelchair scales with a ramped platform (6 models) and with a flush platform in floor (6 models). The MSRP for the wheelchair scales were not listed on the manufacturer’s website or medical equipment suppliers’ websites, and are not included in columns on products or products in sample.
[11] Hausman 4723 ($2,425 MSRP http://www.quickmedical.com/hausmann-power-plinth-treatment-table-4723.html) and Oakworks ProLuxe Seville and Celestra PerformaLift-Rectangular Top ($1,479 and $2,370 MSRP http://www.oakworks.com/electric-lift-tables.asp) are examples of adjustable height treatment tables. Other manufacturers produce adjustable height treatment tables within the same cost range.
[12] Befour makes digital wheelchair scales with a ramped platform (6 models) and with a flush platform in floor (6 models). The MSRP for the wheelchair scales were not listed on the manufacturer’s website or medical equipment suppliers’ websites, and they are not included in the sample.
The Access Board and its contractor, Eastern Research Group, collected product data and unit costs for a broad sample of examination tables and weight scales, including products with accessible features. The Access Board and Eastern Research Group did not evaluate the products for conformance with the proposed standards and do not endorse any of the products included in the sample. The Access Board and Eastern Research Group used the Internet to collect the product data and unit costs. Medical equipment suppliers typically list the manufacturer suggested retail price (MSRP) for the products on their web sites and sell the products at discounted prices. The discounted prices for the same product can vary widely among medical equipment suppliers. Health care providers purchase the products for less than the MSRP (i.e., actual price is less than MRSP). The unit costs in the tables below are the MSRP, and are shown as a range of lower cost and higher cost products rounded to the nearest $50.
Lower Cost Products $400 – $850 MSRP | Higher Cost Products $850 – $1,450 MSRP | ||
---|---|---|---|
Clinton 3010 Clinton 1010 Clinton 9001 Hausmann 4002-030 Clinton 3020 Clinton 1020 Ritter 95 UMF 5588 Brewer 2010 Brewer 2030 |
$380 $417 $432 $457 $482 $497 $561 $624 $730 $850 |
Clinton 8870 Clinton 3013 Clinton 9070 Clinton 1013 Clinton 9013 Hausmann 4043-030 UMF 5570 Clinton 9133 UMF 5560 Brewer 2240 |
$863 $892 $910 $963 $1,032 $1,039 $1,208 $1,345 $1,390 $1,438 |
Treatment tables typically have a flat top. Some products have adjustable backrests, but the backrests typically cannot support patients in a sitting position. Treatment tables typically have a fixed height of 31 inches measured from the floor to the top of the table. Adjustable height products are available, but are not included in the sample.[11] The lower cost products have an open base with an H-brace or shelf. The higher cost products have cabinets, drawers, or shelves.
Lower Cost Products $1,250 MSRP – Higher Cost Products $2,250 MSRP | |
---|---|
UMF 5250 UMF 5290 Brewer 4000 Hausmann 4420 Ritter 204 Midmark 604 Hausmann 4423 Hausmann 4400 Brewer 5000 |
$1,262 $1,350 $1,728 $1,754 $1,845 $1,926 $1,946 $2,258 $2,260 |
Manual tables typically have a fully articulated, pneumatic backrest. The backrests typically can support patients in a seated position and recline to a lying position. Manual tables typically have a fixed height of 32 inches measured from the floor to the top of the table. Manual tables typically have cabinets, drawers, or shelves.
Lower Cost Products $1,650 – $2,900 MSRP | Higher Cost Products $3,650 – $16,800 MSRP | ||
---|---|---|---|
Clinton 80100 Clinton 80200 Clinton 80220 Clinton 80330 Clinton 80360 Clinton 81100 Clinton 81200 Clinton 81220 Clinton 81330 Clinton 81360 |
$1,653 $1,793 $1,793 $1,918 $2,214 $2,337 $2,447 $2,447 $2,621 $2,917 |
Hausmann 4430 UMF 4070 Ritter 222 UMF 4040 Hausmann 4440 Hausmann 4460 Ritter 223 Midmark 623 Midmark 625 Brewer 6500 UMF 4010 Ritter 230 Midmark 630 Brewer 7000 Brewer 7500 |
$3,672 $4,373 $5,499 $5,694 $5,776 $6,034 $7,036 $8,081 $8,427 $8,536 $9,349 $11,551 $12,884 $14,198 $16,798 |
Power tables have an electric motor that can adjust the table height to as low as 18 inches and as high as 40 inches, measured from the floor to the top of the table. The higher cost products have a fully articulated, pneumatic or powered, backrest that can support patients in a seated position and recline to a lying position. Some power tables have armrests, grab rails, side rails, and cabinets or drawers.
Without Handrails $250 – $550 MSRP | With Handrails $ 700 MSRP | ||
---|---|---|---|
HealthoMeter 400KL SECA 700 Detecto 337 |
$228 $295 $538 |
Detecto 349 |
$675 |
Stand-on mechanical scales typically have a weight capacity ranging from 400 to 500 pounds.
Without Handrails | With Handrails | ||
---|---|---|---|
Lower Cost Products $300 – $600 MSRP | Lower Cost Products $600 – $1,050 MSRP | ||
Detecto DR400C Detecto PD200 HealthoMeter 500KL Detecto PD300 Charder MS3900 Detecto DR400-750 Charder MS4900 AmCells DRS500 |
$323 $372 $415 $426 $459 $534 $547 $600 |
Charder MS2500 Befour PS8070 Detecto 6449 |
$604 $957 $1,026 |
Higher Cost Products $700 – $1,200 MSRP | Higher Cost Products $1,750 – $2,600 MSRP | ||
Befour FS0900 AmCells WWS500 AmCells DRS 750 Befour FS0961 Pro-BMI AmCells WWS750 Detecto 6437 SECA 763 |
$699 $700 $700 $819 $900 $927 $1,190 |
HealthoMeter 1100KL SR Scales SR555 HealthoMeter 4011 HealthoMeter 4021 SECA 644 Detecto 6854DHR |
$1,725 $1,822 $1,838 $2,075 $2,139 $2,584 |
Stand-on digital scales without handrails typically have a weight capacity ranging from 400 to 750 pounds, and the higher cost products typically have larger platforms. Stand-on digital scales with handrails typically have a weight capacity ranging from 500 to 1,000 pounds, and the higher cost products typically are bariatric models.
Lower Cost Products $1,200 MSRP – Higher Cost Products $2,900 MSRP | |
---|---|
Detecto 485 Detecto 495 |
$1,191 $2,891 |
Wheelchair mechanical scales with a ramped platform typically have a weight capacity ranging from 350 to 500 pounds.
Lower Cost Products $800 – $1,700 MSRP | Higher Cost Products $2,100 – $4,950 MSRP | ||
---|---|---|---|
Charder MS3800 LW Measurements LWC HealthoMeter 2400KL AmCells WHS |
$799 $900 $1,551 $1,701 |
SECA 674 SR Scales SR755L SR Scales SR725L HealthoMeter 2700KL Detecto 6500 HealthoMeter 2600KL Detecto FHD133-11 SECA 664 SECA 656 SECA 676 SECA 684 |
$2,089 $2,358 $2,422 $2,449 $2,881 $2,888 $3,033 $3,350 $3,750 $3,950 $4,950 |
Wheelchair digital scales with a ramped platform typically have a weight capacity ranging from 800 to 1,000 pounds. Some products have standard or optional handrails for use as a stand-on bariatric scale.
Lower Cost Products $3,300 MSRP – Higher Cost Products $6,500 MSRP | |
---|---|
SR Scales SR463 SR Scales SR463-3 Detecto FH133-11C Detecto FH143-11C Detecto FH164-11C |
$3,306 $4,140 $5,242 $5,498 $6,522 |
Wheelchair digital scales with a flush platform in the floor typically have a weight capacity of 1,000 pounds. Some products have standard or optional handrails for use as a stand-on bariatric scale.
The Access Board and Eastern Research Group did not evaluate these products for conformance with the proposed standards and do not endorse any of the products.
http://www.brewercompany.com/Products/Medical/Exam-Tables/Element-Treatment-Table.htm
2010 — MSRP $730
http://www.quickmedical.com/brewer_company/exam_tables/2010-element-treatment-table-flat-top.html
2030 — MSRP $850
2240 — MSRP $1,438
http://www.brewercompany.com/Products/Medical/Exam-Tables/Basic-Exam-TableUpdated.htm
http://www.brewercompany.com/Products/Medical/Exam-Tables/Access-Exam-TableUpdated.htm
4000 — MSRP $1,728
http://www.quickmedical.com/brewer_company/exam_tables/4000_4001_pelvic_tilt_drawer_warmer.html
5000 — MSRP $2,260
http://www.quickmedical.com/brewer_company/access/5000_5001.html
http://www.brewercompany.com/Products/Medical/Power-Tables.htm
6500 — MSRP $8,536
http://www.quickmedical.com/brewer_company/access/highlow_specs.html
7000 — MSRP $14,198
http://www.quickmedical.com/brewer_company/assist/7000.html
7500 — MSRP $16,798
http://www.quickmedical.com/brewer_company/assist/7500-power-procedure-table.html
http://www.clinton-ind.com/medical-tables/eta-alpha/index.htm
3010 — MSRP $380
3020 — MSRP $482
3013 — MSRP $892
http://www.clinton-ind.com/medical-tables/eta-classic/index.htm
1010 — MSRP $417
http://www.quickmedical.com/clinton/medical_tables_cabinets/classic_line.html
1020 — MSRP $497
1013 — MSRP $963
http://www.clinton-ind.com/medical-tables/eta-style-line/index.htm
9001 — MSRP $432
9013 — MSRP $1032
http://www.clinton-ind.com/medical-tables/eta-style-line/index.htm
9070 — MSRP $910
http://www.quickmedical.com/clinton/medical_tables_cabinets/style_line.html
http://www.clinton-ind.com/medical-tables/style-line-specialty/index.htm
9133 — MSRP $1,345
http://www.clinton-ind.com/medical-tables/family-practice/index.htm
8870 — MSRP $863
http://www.quickmedical.com/clinton-medical-exam-table-cabinet-style.html
http://www.clinton-ind.com/power-tables/open-base-power-tables/index.htm
80100 — MSRP $1,653
http://www.quickmedical.com/clinton-open-base-power-table.html
80200 — MSRP $1,793
http://www.quickmedical.com/clinton-open-base-power-table.html
80220 — MSRP $1,793
http://www.quickmedical.com/clinton-open-base-power-table-with-drop-section.html
80330 — MSRP $1,918
http://www.quickmedical.com/clinton-open-base-power-table-with-drop-section.html
80360 — MSRP $2,214
http://www.quickmedical.com/clinton-open-base-power-table-with-drop-section-and-stirrups.html
http://www.clinton-ind.com/power-tables/shrouded-power-tables/index.htm
81100 — MSRP $2,337
http://www.quickmedical.com/clinton-shrouded-power-table.html
81200 — MSRP $2,447
http://www.quickmedical.com/clinton-shrouded-power-table.html
81220 — MSRP $2,447
http://www.quickmedical.com/clinton-shrouded-power-table-with-drop-section.html
81330 — MSRP $2,621
http://www.quickmedical.com/clinton-shrouded-power-table-with-drop-section.html
81360 — MSRP $2,917
http://www.quickmedical.com/clinton-shrouded-power-table-with-drop-section-and-stirrups.html
http://www.hausmann.com/product_pages/treatment_tables.html
4002-030 — MSRP $457
http://www.quickmedical.com/hausmann-h-brace-treatment-table.html
4043-030 — MSRP $1,039
http://www.quickmedical.com/hausmann-cabinet-exam-table-shelf-divider.html
http://www.hausmann.com/product_pages/examination_tables.html
4420 — MSRP $1,754
http://www.quickmedical.com/hausmann-cabinet-exam-table.html
4423 — MSRP $1,946
http://www.quickmedical.com/hausmann-pneumatic-medical-exam-table-4423-4424.html
4400 — MSRP $2,258
http://www.quickmedical.com/hausmann-pneumatic-medical-exam-table.html
http://www.hausmann.com/product_pages/examination_tables.html
4430 — MSRP $3,672
http://www.quickmedical.com/hausmann-econo-line-exam-table.html
4440 — MSRP $5,776
http://www.quickmedical.com/hausmann-powermatic-power-exam-table.html
4460 — MSRP $6,034
http://www.quickmedical.com/hausmann-wheelchair-accessible-exam-table.html
http://www.midmark.com/en-us/MedicalProducts/ManualExaminationTables/Pages/default.aspx#
Ritter 95 — MSRP $561
http://www.anthonyproducts.com/store/p-287-ritter-95-treatment-table.aspx
http://www.midmark.com/en-us/MedicalProducts/ManualExaminationTables/Pages/default.aspx#
Ritter 204 — MSRP $1,845
http://www.medicalresources.com/shopping/proddisplay.asp?catalogid=8351
Midmark 604 — MSRP $1,926
http://www.medicalresources.com/shopping/proddisplay.asp?catalogid=8356
http://www.midmark.com/en-us/MedicalProducts/PowerExaminationTables/Pages/default.aspx#
Ritter 222 — MSRP $5,499
http://www.medicalresources.com/shopping/proddisplay.asp?catalogid=3920
Ritter 223 — MSRP $7,036
http://www.medicalresources.com/shopping/proddisplay.asp?catalogid=5769
Midmark 623 — MSRP $8,081
http://www.medicalresources.com/shopping/proddisplay.asp?catalogid=5759
Midmark 625 — MSRP $8,427
http://www.medicalresources.com/shopping/proddisplay.asp?catalogid=14745
http://www.midmark.com/en-us/MedicalProducts/PowerProceduresTables/Pages/default.aspx
Ritter 230 — MSRP $11,551
http://www.medicalresources.com/shopping/proddisplay.asp?catalogid=8448
Midmark 630 — MSRP $12,884
http://www.medicalresources.com/shopping/proddisplay.asp?catalogid=8451
http://www.umf-exam.com/index.php?page=treatment-orthopedic-tables
5588 — MSRP $624
http://www.medicaldevicedepot.com/UMF-H-Brace-Treatment-Table-350-lb-capacity-p/5588.htm
5570 — MSRP $1,208
http://www.medicaldevicedepot.com/UMF-Treatment-Table-Standard-Premium-Top-p/5570.htm
5560 — MSRP $1,390
http://www.medicaldevicedepot.com/UMF-5560-Treatment-Table-Standard-Premium-Top-p/umf-5560.htm
http://www.umf-exam.com/index.php?page=signature-series-exam-tables
5250 — MSRP $1,262
http://www.medicaldevicedepot.com/UMF-5250-Signature-Series-Exam-Table-p/5250.htm
5290 — MSRP $1,350
http://www.examtablesforsale.com/umf-5290.html
http://www.umf-exam.com/index.php?page=power-procedure-tables
4070 — MSRP $4,373
http://www.medicaldevicedepot.com/UMF-4070-Power-Hi-Lo-Manual-Back-Exam-Table-p/4070.htm
4040 — MSRP $5,694
http://www.medicaldevicedepot.com/UMF-4040-Power-Hi-Lo-Power-Back-Exam-Table-p/4040.htm
4010 — MSRP $9,349
http://www.medicaldevicedepot.com/UMF-4010-Power-Procedure-Table-with-Hand-Controls-p/4010.htm
http://www.amcells.com/sp/Products1.html
DRS500 — MSRP $600
http://www.quickmedical.com/amcells/wws.html
WWS500 — MSRP $700
http://www.quickmedical.com/amcells/wws-500-lb-capacity-doctor-scale.html
DRS750 — MSRP $700
http://www.quickmedical.com/amcells/drs-750-lb-capacity-doctor-scale.html
WWS750 — MSRP $900
http://www.quickmedical.com/amcells/wws-750-lb-capacity-doctor-scale.html
http://www.befour.com/products/list.asp?type=club
http://www.befour.com/products/list.asp?type=port
http://www.befour.com/products/list.asp?type=long
FS0900 — MSRP $699
http://www.quickmedical.com/befour/0900.html
FS0961 Pro-BMI — MSRP $819
http://www.quickmedical.com/befour/0961bmi.html
PS8070 — MSRP $957
http://www.quickmedical.com/befour-high-capacity-handrail-scale-portable-ps-8070.html
http://www.taiwantrade.com.tw/chardermedical/products-list/en_US/39950/Professional_Care
http://www.taiwantrade.com.tw/chardermedical/products-list/en_US/39952/Senior_%26_Abled
MS3900 — MSRP $459
http://www.quickmedical.com/summit/s3900-digital-column-scale-height-rod.html
MS4900 — MSRP $547
http://www.quickmedical.com/charder-digital-column-scale-height-rod-printer-ms4900.html
MS2500 — MSRP $604
http://www.quickmedical.com/charder-digital-handrail-scale-2500.html
http://www.detecto.com/physicians.htm
http://www.detecto.com/bariatric.htm
337 — MSRP $538
http://www.quickmedical.com/detecto/physician/337.html
349 — MSRP $675
http://www.quickmedical.com/detecto/physician/349.html
DR400C — MSRP $323
http://www.affordablescales.com/scales_category.asp?products=8&Physician_Scales
PD200 — MSRP $372
http://www.quickmedical.com/detecto/fitness/pd200-professional-space-saving-scale.html
PD300 — MSRP $426
http://www.quickmedical.com/detecto/physician/pd300dhr-professional-doctor-scale.html
DR400-750 — MSRP $534
http://www.quickmedical.com/detecto/specialty/dr400_750.html?openTab=Accessories
6437 — MSRP $927
http://www.quickmedical.com/detecto/physician/6437.html
6449 — MSRP $1,026
http://www.quickmedical.com/detecto-high-capacity-digital-physician-scale-height-rod-6449.html
6854DHR — MSRP $2,584
http://www.quickmedical.com/detecto-high-capacity-digital-handrail-scale-heightrod-6854dhr.html
http://www.homscales.com/products/Physician%20Scales/1.aspx
http://www.homscales.com/products/Physician%20Scales/2.aspx
http://www.homscales.com/products/Acute%20Care%20Scales/Stand-On-Scales.aspx
http://www.homscales.com/products/Bariatric%20Scales/1.aspx
400KL — MSRP $228
http://www.quickmedical.com/health_o_meter/beam-scales/400kl-physician-beam-scale.html
500KL — MSRP $415
http://www.quickmedical.com/health_o_meter/fitness-scale-500kl.html
1100KL — MSRP $1,725
http://www.quickmedical.com/healthometer-high-capacity-digital-handrail-scale-1100kl.html
4011 — MSRP $1,838
http://www.scalesonline.com/2520/category/Healthometer-4011-Handrail-Scale.aspx
4021 — MSRP $2,075
http://www.scalesonline.com/2522/Health%20O%20Meter/Healthometer-4021-Handrail-Scale.aspx
http://www.seca.com/english/us/home/products/details/seca/category/column_scales_264/
700 — MSRP $295
http://www.quickmedical.com/seca/scales/700-mechanical_column_scale_measuring_rod.html
763 — MSRP $1,190
http://www.quickmedical.com/seca/scales/763-digital-medical-scale.html
644 — MSRP $2,139
http://www.quickmedical.com/seca/specialty/644.html
http://www.srinstruments.com/Scales/Item-Display.asp?URI=1124
SR555 — MSRP $1,822
http://www.medicalsolutionsinc.com/ProductsDetails/5/233/218946-Laboratory%20Equipment.aspx
http://www.amcells.com/sp/Products1.html
WHS — MSRP $1,701
http://www.quickmedical.com/amcells-wheelchair-scale-whs.html
http://www.taiwantrade.com.tw/chardermedical/products-list/en_US/39952/Senior_%26_Abled
MS3800 — MSRP $799
http://www.quickmedical.com/summit/s3800-wheelchair-scale.html
http://www.detecto.com/wheelchairs.htm
485 — MSRP $1,191
http://www.quickmedical.com/detecto/specialty/485.html
495 — MSRP $2,891
http://www.quickmedical.com/detecto/specialty/495.html
6500 — MSRP $2,881
http://www.quickmedical.com/detecto-portable-high-capacity-bariatric-wheelchair-scale-6500.html
FHD133-11 — MSRP $3,033
http://www.quickmedical.com/detecto/specialty/FHD133II.html
FH133-11C — MSRP $5,242
http://www.quickmedical.com/detecto-in-floor-medical-scale.html
FH143-11C — MSRP $5,498
http://www.quickmedical.com/detecto-in-floor-medical-scale.html
FH164-11C — MSRP $6,522
http://www.quickmedical.com/detecto-in-floor-medical-scale.html
http://www.homscales.com/products/Acute%20Care%20Scales/Wheelchair-Scales.aspx
http://www.homscales.com/products/Bariatric%20Scales/1.aspx
2400KL — MSRP $1,551
2700KL — MSRP $2,449
2600KL — MSRP $2,888
http://www.quickmedical.com/health_o_meter/2600kl.html
http://lwmeasurements.com/lwclargewheelchairscale/
LWC — MSRP $900
http://www.affordablescales.com/scales_specs.asp?specs=4830&LW_Measurements_LWC
674 — MSRP $2,089
http://www.quickmedical.com/seca/specialty/674.html
664 — MSRP $3,350
http://www.quickmedical.com/seca/specialty/664.html
656 — MSRP $3,750
http://www.quickmedical.com/seca/specialty/medical-stretcher-scale-656.html
676 — MSRP $3,950
http://www.quickmedical.com/seca/specialty/676.html
684 — MSRP $4,950
http://www.quickmedical.com/seca/specialty/684.html
http://www.srinstruments.com/Scales/Item-Display.asp?URI=1129
http://www.srinstruments.com/Scales/Item-Display.asp?URI=1228
SR755L — MSRP $2,358
http://www.quickmedical.com/srscales/sr755.html
SR725L — MSRP $2,422
http://www.quickmedical.com/srscales/sr725.html
SR463 — MSRP $3,306
http://www.quickmedical.com/srscales/sr465.html
SR463-3 — MSRP $4,140
http://www.quickmedical.com/srscales/platform-scales/sr4633-infloor-scale-system.html