National Center for Statistics & Analysis (NCSA)


2010 Motor Vehicle Crashes: Major Findings

2010 Motor Vehicle Crashes: Major Findings


Product ID: 811 552

In 2010, 32,885 people died in motor vehicle traffic crashes in the United States – the lowest number of fatalities since 1949 (30,246 fatalities in 1949) (see Figure 1). This was a 2.9-percent decline in the number of people killed, from 33,883 in 2009, according to NHTSA’s 2010 Fatality Analysis Reporting System (FARS). In 2010, an estimated 2.24 million people were injured in motor vehicle traffic crashes, compared to 2.22 million in 2009 according to NHTSA’s National Automotive Sampling System (NASS) General Estimates System (GES). This slight increase (1.2% increase) in the estimated number of people injured is not statistically significant from the number of people injured in crashes in 2009.

http://www-nrd.nhtsa.dot.gov/Pubs/811552.pdf


A Fresh Look at the State of Driver Education

A Fresh Look at the State of Driver Education


Product ID: 811 615

The study formed an expert panel to apply the results of the various literature reviews and data collection activities to driver education. The expert panel included representatives from driver education, traffic safety research, general education, and injury prevention areas. During one day, the panel reviewed four topics: (1) the state of driver education in America; (2) research on driver education; (3) best teaching practices for teens; and (4) a working model for a driver training sequence encompassing driver education and graduated driver licensing (GDL) systems. The panel also discussed the potential benefits of more frequent and rigorous testing and more parental involvement in the restricted licensing phase.

 

 


A Study of Nighttime Safety Belt Use in Indiana
( Fact Sheet)

A Study of Nighttime Safety Belt Use in Indiana ( Fact Sheet)


Product ID: 810 734

This report presents the results of a direct observation study of nighttime (9:30 p.m.- 5:45 a.m.) seatbelt use conducted in Indiana surrounding the 2006 May Mobilization.  Two full Statewide surveys were conducted, one in April and the other in June.  The nighttime survey waves were timed to coincide as closely as possible to daytime surveys conducted for Indiana.

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Compendium of NHTSA's Pedestrian and Bicyclist Traffic Safety Research Projects 1969-2007

Compendium of NHTSA's Pedestrian and Bicyclist Traffic Safety Research Projects 1969-2007


Product ID: 810 793
This compendium describes the pedestrian and bicyclist safety research conducted by the Office of Behavioral Safety Research and its predecessor organizations during the period 1969-2007. The compendium begins with a description of the structure and philosophy of the NHTSA pedestrian and bicycle research programs. It is followed by a section that describes the research on the development of taxonomies of crash types, since the results of that research formed the foundation for many of the subsequent NHTSA pedestrian and bicycle research studies.  A chronological listing of major activities that occurred in the decades spanned by NHTSA's pedestrian and bicyclist research programs is then presented. The final section discusses lessons learned from the pedestrian and bicycle research activities.
Appendix A to this compendium contains abstracts of relevant research in a standardized format. Appendix B presents lists of pedestrian and bicyclist crash types as they have evolved over the years.

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Demonstration and Evaluation of the Heed the Speed Pedestrian Safety Program

Demonstration and Evaluation of the Heed the Speed Pedestrian Safety Program


Product ID: 611 515

This study built upon the work of Blomberg and Cleven (2006) in Arizona, where they developed and pilot-tested the concept of Heed the Speed, a neighborhood-based combination of enforcement, education, and modest engineering designed to reduce vehicle speeds to benefit pedestrian safety. The current program was expanded and applied to Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, in an attempt to determine if reducing speeds in neighborhoods would lead to a reduction in pedestrian-involved crashes.

 


Demonstration and Evaluation of the Heed the Speed Pedestrian Safety Program, Traffic Tech

Demonstration and Evaluation of the Heed the Speed Pedestrian Safety Program, Traffic Tech


Product ID: 811 607

Background
Research has shown that higher vehicular speeds are related to increased pedestrian injury severity and death. It is unclear, however, if lowering vehicle speeds in residential areas would result in lower frequency of pedestrian-involved crashes. This study built upon the pilot work of Blomberg and Cleven (2006) that tested the Heed the Speed initiative on a small scale in Phoenix and Peoria, Arizona. In that study, it was found that the program significantly reduced vehicle speeds on the road segments where it was implemented.

The current project focused on determining if the enforcement, education, and engineering approaches of the pilot program could be scaled up as a city-based countermeasure that might produce a reduction in the frequency of pedestrian-involved crashes.

 


Demonstration of Automated Speed Enforcement in School Zones in Portland Oregon ( Fact Sheet)

Demonstration of Automated Speed Enforcement in School Zones in Portland Oregon ( Fact Sheet)


Product ID: 810 764

The City of Portland and NHTSA worked together to demonstrate the impact of Automated Speed Enforcement (ASE) in School Zones in Portland, Oregon.  Results showed that the proportion of traffic that exceeded the speed limit by more than 10 mph was reduced by about two thirds when ASE was present, while speeds at comparison schools without ASE were unchanged.

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Effects of Vehicle Features on CRS Installation Errors

Effects of Vehicle Features on CRS Installation Errors


Product ID: 811 626

This report documents a study of how vehicle features contribute to CRS installation errors. Thirty-two subjects were recruited based on their education level (low or high) and experience with installing CRS (none or experienced). Each subject was asked to perform four child restraint installations in three vehicles. Each subject first performed a CRS installation with a seatbelt in one vehicle, followed by three CRS installations using LATCH, one in each of three vehicles.

One child restraint with a hook-on LATCH connector and one with a push-on LATCH connector were used. All installations were forward-facing, using an 18-month-old CRABI anthropomorphic test device (ATD). Six vehicles were used in testing, with half of subjects testing with each vehicle. Conditions were selected to provide a range of LATCH locations (visible, above seating surface, buried in bight), buckle stalk types (webbing vs. rigid), and tether locations (package shelf vs. seatback). After each installation, the experimenter evaluated 28 factors for each installation (such as tightness of installation, tether tightness, and LATCH belt attached correctly).

 

Evaluation of the First Year of the Washington Nighttime Seat Belt Enforcement Program

Evaluation of the First Year of the Washington Nighttime Seat Belt Enforcement Program


Product ID: 811 295

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Functional Assessments, Safety Outcomes, and Driving Exposure Measures for Older Drivers

Functional Assessments, Safety Outcomes, and Driving Exposure Measures for Older Drivers


Product ID: 811 630

 

http://www.nhtsa.gov/staticfiles/nti/pdf/811630.pdf

This project was conducted to provide an objective measure of the relationship between older adults’ scores on a set of driving assessment tools and their (serious point) violations and crashes over a period of 18 months following the assessments. An additional objective was to compare alternative methods of measuring driver exposure. The assessments were performed on 692 participants age 70 and older who visited one of four Maryland Motor Vehicle Administration (MVA) field offices between September 2008 and June 2009, under NHTSA contract DTNH22-05-D-05043, Task Order 10. The assessments emphasized cognitive performance domains, specifically visuospatial ability, speed of (visual information) processing, divided attention, visual search, working memory, and response planning or “executive function.” Contrast sensitivity was also measured, as well as simple and choice brake reaction time. The functional assessments examined in this research were computer-based and designed to be self-administered, although the assistance of a test administrator was always available and was required for some measures. Univariate and multivariate analyses examined the relationships between functional assessment scores and safety indicators. The measure of “executive function” (maze performance) was highlighted as a significant predictor of crash risk in the study results. This may be of interest to occupational therapy/driving rehabilitation providers as a potentially valuable tool to support clinical evaluations of fitness to drive; and, to developers of screening tools for early warning of driving impairments, and of products meant to educate older drivers and their families about age-related changes that impact safe driving.


Guidelines to Observe and Estimate Statewide Seat Belt Use at Night (Report)

Guidelines to Observe and Estimate Statewide Seat Belt Use at Night (Report)


Product ID: 811 288

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Motivations for Speeding

Motivations for Speeding


Product ID: 811 672

Multiple Medications and Vehicle Crashes: Analysis of Databases (Report)

Multiple Medications and Vehicle Crashes: Analysis of Databases (Report)


Product ID: 810 858

 

This study examined the association of the impairing effects of multiple medication use, drug/drug interactions, and drug/disease interactions on motor vehicle crashes in individuals age 50 years and older. This study examined two databases: (1) the National Ambulatory Medical Care Survey (NAMCS) survey database, and (2) the PharMetrics database to determine the relative frequency of various combinations of medications used by those who have experienced motor vehicle crashes (MVCs) and those who have not. This study suggest that both the kind and number of medication exposures, and the characteristics of diseases/disorders present among study subjects are associated with an increase in risk for MVCs among older adults.


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National Center for Statistics & Analysis



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National Center for Statistics & Analysis of the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration

National Center for Statistics & Analysis of the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration


Product ID: 811 487
This brochure presents information about the National Center for Statistics and Analysis, (NCSA), an office of NHTSA, an agency in the United States Department of Transportation that  provides analytical and statistical support to NHTSA and the highway safety community through data collection, crash investigations, and data analysis.  Full color, 3.5" x 8.5", 10 panels

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National Survey of Bicyclist and Pedestrian Attitudes & Behavior - Volume 1 (Summary) (Report)

National Survey of Bicyclist and Pedestrian Attitudes & Behavior - Volume 1 (Summary) (Report)


Product ID: 810 971
Three reports that present detailed results from a national telephone survey conducted in 2002 on pedestrian and bicyclist issues.  The reported results include overall walking and bicycling behavior, origin-destination information, feelings of safety, access and use of applicable public facilities, and satisfaction with how the community is set up for walking and bicycling.

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National Traffic Speeds Survey I: 2007

National Traffic Speeds Survey I: 2007


Product ID: 811 663

A field survey was conducted during spring and summer 2007 to measure travel speeds and prepare nationallyrepresentative speed estimates for all types of motor vehicles on freeways, arterial highways, and collector roads across the United States. Over 10 million vehicle speeds were measured at more than 700 sites included in the geographic cluster sample of 20 primary sampling units (PSUs). Each PSU was a city, county, or group of two or three counties representing combinations of regions of the United States, level of urbanization, and type of topography (flat, hilly, mountainous). Speeds were acquired on randomly drawn road segments on limited access highways, major and minor arterial roads, and collector roads.

 http://www.nhtsa.gov/staticfiles/nti/pdf/811663.pdf


Occupant Restraint Use in 2010 (Report)

Occupant Restraint Use in 2010 (Report)


Product ID: 811 527

This report presents results from the 2010 National Occupant Protection Use Survey (NOPUS) Controlled Intersection Study. NOPUS is the only nationwide probability-based occupant restraint use survey. This survey is conducted annually by the National Center for Statistics and Analysis of the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration. The 2010 NOPUS found that seat belt use in rear seats increased significantly from 70 percent in 2009 to 74 percent in 2010. Significant increases in rear-seat belt use in 2010 occurred in the following passenger categories: male passengers, passengers 16 to 24 years old, passengers 25 to 69 years old, and passengers who were members of other races. Restraint use for all children from birth to 7 years old stood at 89 percent in 2010 as compared to 88 percent in 2009. The 2010 restraint use rates for children from birth to 1 year old, children 1 to 3 years old, and children 4 to 7 years old, are 99 percent, 94 percent, and 83 percent respectively. Child restraint use continued to be higher in the West than in the other regions.

http://www-nrd.nhtsa.dot.gov/Pubs/811527.pdf


Parent-Taught Driver Education in Texas: A Comparative Evaluation ( Fact Sheet)

Parent-Taught Driver Education in Texas: A Comparative Evaluation ( Fact Sheet)


Product ID: 810 760
This report describes an evaluation of the Parent-Taught Driver Education program in Texas for young novice drivers.  Outcomes included teen driver crashes, driving convictions, and self-reported driving behavior.  Overall, the results showed that teen drivers who participated in the Parent-Taught Driver education program were involved in more serious crashes at a higher frequency than teen drivers who participated in commercial or public-school-taught driver education programs.  Teen drivers who participated in the Parent-Taught Driver Education program were also convicted of more traffic offenses than teen drivers who participated in commercial and/or public-school-taught driver education. 

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Reducing the Potential for Heat Stroke to Children in Parked Motor Vehicles:

Reducing the Potential for Heat Stroke to Children in Parked Motor Vehicles:


Product ID: 811 632

The primary objective of the study was to evaluate products that are designed to prevent children up to 24 months old from being left behind in closed, parked vehicles – a scenario that can result in heat stroke. This preliminary assessment was the first of its kind to evaluate this kind of product. The efficacy of heat stroke prevention technologies in sensing the presence of a child in a child restraint and alerting the caregiver if he or she walks away from the car without removing the child was evaluated. The study also examined the effects of child posture and the time/child movement associated with a typical commute on the efficacy of these devices.

 

Resource Guide on Laws Related to Pedestrian and Bicycle Safety (CD-ROM)

Resource Guide on Laws Related to Pedestrian and Bicycle Safety (CD-ROM)


Product ID: 809 368
This CD-ROM contains a comprehensive description of vehicle and traffic laws that were judged by the guide's developers to have the potential to affect pedestrian or bicycle safety, either positively or negatively.  With this guide, users can find laws that enhance pedestrian or bicycle safety and assess a state's position in relation to other states or "best practices" in this field.  Users also can learn how prevailing vehicle and traffic laws could have an impact on the number of pedestrian or bicycle crashes with motor vehicles.

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Special Management Review Summary, Fiscal Year 2010

Special Management Review Summary, Fiscal Year 2010


Product ID: 811 520

In April 2003, the U. S. General Accounting Office (the name was changed a year later to Government Accountability Office) issued a Report to Congress titled, “Better Guidance Could  Improve Oversight of State Highway Safety Programs” (GAO-03-474).  In April 2004, the National  Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA) gave Regional Administrators an oversight process. 
One component of the process was the Special Management Review (SMR) The SMR is conducted in a State that consistently demonstrates performance worse than the national average and progress less than half of that recorded by the Nation as a whole.  The SMR is one component of NHTSA’s oversight and quality assurance program conducted by its Office of Regional Operations and Program Delivery (ROPD).  It was codified in the 2005 Safe, Accountable, Flexible, Efficient Transportation Equity Act: A Legacy for Users (SAFETEA-
LU).
 

http://www.nhtsa.gov/nhtsa/whatsup/SAFETEAweb/MRElements/811520.pdf

 


State Alcohol-Impaired Driving Estimates

State Alcohol-Impaired Driving Estimates


Product ID: 811 612

The following data provides estimates of alcohol involvement in fatal crashes for the United States and individually for the 50 States, the District of Columbia, and Puerto Rico (not included in the national totals) in 2010. For a comparison, data from 10 years ago (2001) are also presented. These estimates are based on data from NHTSA’s Fatality Analysis Reporting System (FARS). Unfortunately, known blood alcohol concentration (BAC) test results are not available for all drivers involved in fatal crashes. Missing data can result for a number of reasons, the most frequent of which is that people are not always tested for alcohol.
 

http://www-nrd.nhtsa.dot.gov/Pubs/811612.pdf


State Traffic Safety Information Systems Strategic Planning (Booklet)

State Traffic Safety Information Systems Strategic Planning (Booklet)


Product ID: 810 563
this booklet provides guidance for states on how to best develop a traffic records strategic plan that will provide a solid foundation for the identification and implementation of state safety data systems improvement projects.

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Summary of Vehicle Occupant Protection Laws

Summary of Vehicle Occupant Protection Laws


Product ID: 811 648

 

The National Highway Traffic Safety Primary Administration is responsible for reducing motor vehicle-related fatalities and injuries on our Nation’s highways. Research has shown that effective State and local traffic safety laws play an important role in helping to reduce motor vehicle crashes. For example, in 2010, States with primary seat belt laws had a 12% higher belt use rate on average compared to States without primary seat belt laws.
This publication provides a summary chart of the key provisions of State occupant protection laws and detailed lists of these laws in every State. Such laws include requiring the use of (1) seat belts, (2) child passenger restraint devices, and (3) motorcycle or bicycle helmets. Also included are laws concerning age restrictions for motorcycle passengers and laws that prohibit riding in the bed of a pickup truck. Except as noted, the status of the State laws reported is as of May 1, 2011.

The Role of Supervised Driving in a Graduated Driver Licensing Program

The Role of Supervised Driving in a Graduated Driver Licensing Program


Product ID: 811 598

Overall, the analyses did not find evidence that requiring 30 to 60 hours supervised driving practice results in different crash rates for 16- or 17-year-old drivers. With low parental awareness and little or no licensing agency verification, it is difficult to determine whether teenagers drove the minimum number of supervised hours required by their States. Improvements in communications with parents and novice drivers about supervised driving requirements, guidance to parents about the best techniques to provide supervision, and tracking actual hours and conditions of supervised driving would be beneficial.

http://www.nhtsa.gov/staticfiles/traffic_tech/811598.pdf


Traffic Records 101 (Brochure)

Traffic Records 101 (Brochure)


Product ID: 810 564
This brochure is targeted to the highway safety professional who has a desire to gain an in depth understanding of what comprehensive traffic records systems entail.  It discusses an interactive web based training tool that is used for in-house and self-paced training.  The brochure has been designed for print and is also available in a PDF format.

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Traffic Records Resources (Brochure)

Traffic Records Resources (Brochure)


Product ID: 810 575

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Traffic Safety Facts 2006 (Booklet)

Traffic Safety Facts 2006 (Booklet)


Product ID: 810 818
The Traffic Safety Facts 2006:  A Compilation of Motor Vehicle Crash Data from the FARS/GES presents descriptive statistics about traffic crashes of all severities, from those that result in property damage to those that result in the loss of human life.
 

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Traffic Safety Facts 2007 (Report)

Traffic Safety Facts 2007 (Report)


Product ID: 811 002
The Traffic Safety Facts 2007:  A Compilation of Motor Vehicle Crash Data from the FARS/GES presents descriptive statistics about traffic crashes of all severities, from those that result in property damage to those that result in the loss of human life.

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Traffic Safety Facts 2008 (Report)

Traffic Safety Facts 2008 (Report)


Product ID: 811 170

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Traffic Safety Facts Research Note (Breath Test Refusals) (Fact Sheet)

Traffic Safety Facts Research Note (Breath Test Refusals) (Fact Sheet)


Product ID: 810 871

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Traffic Tech (402); An Evaluation of the Three Georgia DUI Courts

Traffic Tech (402); An Evaluation of the Three Georgia DUI Courts


Product ID: 7554

Traffic Tech: Blood Alcohol Concentration Testing and Reporting by the States

Traffic Tech: Blood Alcohol Concentration Testing and Reporting by the States


Product ID: 811 662

Traffic Tech: Examination of Supplemental Driver Training and Online Basic Driver Education

Traffic Tech: Examination of Supplemental Driver Training and Online Basic Driver Education


Product ID: 811 623

Use of Warrants for Breath Test Refusal: Case Studies (Report)

Use of Warrants for Breath Test Refusal: Case Studies (Report)


Product ID: 810 852

Implications for Highway Safety Program Planning;
In 2005 NHTSA released a study which examined States' breath test refusal rates. Overall, the rates varied dramatically among States, from 5% to 85%.  (An upcoming Research Note updates this data.) The study included interviews in five States to learn about the refusal issue and identify potential solutions for high rates. One strategy that emerged is the use of warrants to obtain blood samples from drivers who refuse to provide breath samples.

This current study, conducted by Preusser Research Group (PRG), documents the use of the search warrant and blood draw approach in four States: Arizona, Michigan, Oregon, and Utah.  PRG conducted interviews with about 15 people, including officers, prosecutors, defense attorneys, and judges in each of the States. These individuals provided information on policies and procedures, as well as opinions on the warrant process.


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Washington’s Target Zero Teams Project: Reductions in Fatalities During Year One

Washington’s Target Zero Teams Project: Reductions in Fatalities During Year One


Product ID: 811 687

Young Drivers Report the Highest Level of Phone Involvement in Crash or Near-crash Incidences

Young Drivers Report the Highest Level of Phone Involvement in Crash or Near-crash Incidences


Product ID: 811 611

About two-thirds (68%) of young drivers 18 to 20 are willing to answer incoming phone calls on some, most, or  all  driving  trips,  and  most  continue  to  drive,  at slightly higher rates than older drivers.

Young drivers 18 to 20 have the highest incidence of self- reported crash or near-crash experiences  compared to all other age groups and the highest incidence of phone involvement at the time of the crash or near-crash.
 

http://www.nhtsa.gov/staticfiles/nti/pdf/811611.pdf

 


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