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Data-Driven Approaches to Crime and Traffic Safety (DDACTS) is a law enforcement operational model that integrates location-based crime and traffic crash data to establish effective and efficient methods for deploying law enforcement and other resources.  The DDACTS Operational Guidelines provide procedures and highlights operational considerations based on best practices in the law enforcement field following seven guiding principles

Data-Driven Approaches to Crime and Traffic Safety  is a law enforcement operational model that integrates location-based crime and traffic crash data to establish effective and efficient methods for deploying law enforcement and other resources.  The DDACTS Operational Guidelines provide procedures and highlights operational considerations based on best practices in the law enforcement field following seven guiding principles

This study built upon the work of Blomberg and Cleven (2006) in Arizona, where they developed and pilot-tested the concept of Heed the Speed, a neighborhood-based combination of enforcement, education, and modest engineering designed to reduce vehicle speeds to benefit pedestrian safety. The current program was expanded and applied to Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, in an attempt to determine if reducing speeds in neighborhoods would lead to a reduction in pedestrian-involved crashes.

Background
Research has shown that higher vehicular speeds are related to increased pedestrian injury severity and death. It is unclear, however, if lowering vehicle speeds in residential areas would result in lower frequency of pedestrian-involved crashes. This study built upon the pilot work of Blomberg and Cleven (2006) that tested the Heed the Speed initiative on a small scale in Phoenix and Peoria, Arizona. In that study, it was found that the program significantly reduced vehicle speeds on the road segments where it was implemented.

The current project focused on determining if the enforcement, education, and engineering approaches of the pilot program could be scaled up as a city-based countermeasure that might produce a reduction in the frequency of pedestrian-involved crashes.

The City of Portland and NHTSA worked together to demonstrate the impact of Automated Speed Enforcement (ASE) in School Zones in Portland, Oregon.  Results showed that the proportion of traffic that exceeded the speed limit by more than 10 mph was reduced by about two thirds when ASE was present, while speeds at comparison schools without ASE were unchanged.

This report presents the results of a study conducted for NHTSA to develop a model system to help law enforcement agencies manage Standardized Field Sobriety Test  training requirements.  A further objective is to explore the feasibility of establishing and operating a statewide SFST training-records system.  8.5" x 11", black and white, 22 pages.

An experiment was conducted to assess the distraction potential of secondary tasks performed using in-vehicle systems (radio tuning, destination entry) and portable phones (10-digit dialing, selecting contacts, text messaging) while driving.
One hundred participants, ages 25-64, completed a single session in which they drove a low-fidelity (PC-based) simulator while performing the secondary tasks. The phone tasks were performed with two smart phones, one with a touch screen interface (iPhone) and one with a hard button interface (Blackberry). The Dynamic Following and Detection (DFD) driving protocol, which combines car-following with target detection, in which drivers responded to simple visual targets presented in the simulated roadway display, was used. Each combination of primary (driving) and secondary task was performed during a single 3-minute drive. Driving performance metrics included: lane position variability, car-following delay, target-detection accuracy and target detection
response time.

http://www.nhtsa.gov/DOT/NHTSA/NVS/Crash%20Avoidance/Technical%20Publications/2011/811510.pdf

This report documents an experiment conducted to determine the extent to which alcohol impairment at various Blood Alcohol Concentration (BAC) levels impacts the driving skills of individuals of different ages, gender and drinking practice characteristics. A driving simulator was used to measure the skills of 168 subjects representative of the general driving population. Tables and graphs illustrate raw data, performance index and impairment scores for all test subjects. Two color, 8.5" x 11", 67 pages.

This is the second of two 1992 reports in response to a congressional mandate to study the alcohol concentration at which a driver should be considered under the influence.  This final report integrates the information developed in all phases of the project and presents relevant findings, conclusions and recommendations. Black and white, 8.5" x 11", 31 pages.

This brochure discusses how medications affect driving; driving safety; and resources.  It promotes discussion among older drivers, drivers with medical conditions, families, and doctors.  It was developed in partnership with the American Pharmacists Association and American Society of Consultant Pharmacists to assist decisions about driving safely. Two color, 3.75" x 8.5", six panels.

http://www.nhtsa.gov/people/injury/olddrive/medications/index.htm

This brochure is intended to assist drivers, their family members, and health care professionals in talking about how Alzheimer's affects driving.  It will prompt discussions about planning for the time when the Alzheimer's patient will have to stop driving.  8.5" x 11", two color, six panels.

http://www.nhtsa.gov/people/injury/olddrive/alzheimers/index.html

This brochure includes symptoms of arthritis, how the condition may affect driving, suggested steps drivers may take to increase their driving safety if they have this condition, and resources for drivers with arthritis. It is intended as a discussion tool between patients and their doctor. The pamphlet was developed in partnership with the Arthritis Foundation to assist in making decisions about driving ability, risk, and safety. It may be particularly relevant for older drivers seeking to maintain mobility after being

diagnosed with arthritis. 3.75"x 8.5", two color, six panels.

http://www.nhtsa.gov/people/injury/olddrive/arthritis/index.htm

This brochure includes information about symptoms of the cataract vision problem, how this condition may affect driving, suggested steps drivers may take to increase their driving safety if they have this condition, and relevant resources for drivers with this condition.  This is intended to be a discussion tool between patients and their eye doctors.  The pamphlet was developed in partnership with the American Optometric Association to help drivers, especially when making decisions about ability, risk, and safety.  This may be of particular relevance to for older drivers seeking to maintain their mobility after being diagnosed with this condition.  3.5" x 8.5", three color, 6 panels.

http://www.nhtsa.gov/people/injury/olddrive/cataracts/

This brochure includes information about symptoms of diabetes, how this condition may affect driving, suggested steps drivers may take to increase their driving safety if they have this condition, and relevant resources for drivers with this condition.  This is intended to be a discussion tool between patients and their doctors.  The pamphlet was developed in partnership with the American Diabetes Association to help drivers, especially when making decisions about ability, risk, and safety.  This may be particular relevant for older drivers who are seeking to maintain their mobility after being diagnosed with this condition.  3.5" x 8.5", three color, 6 panels.

http://www.nhtsa.gov/people/injury/olddrive/diabetes%20web/

This brochure includes information about symptoms of the glaucoma vision problem, how this condition may affect driving, suggested steps drivers may take to increase their driving safety if they have this condition, and relevant resources for drivers with this condition.  This is intended to be a discussion tool between patients and their eye doctors.  The pamphlet was developed in partnership with the American Optometric Association to help drivers, especially when making decisions about ability, risk, and safety.  This may be particular relevant for older drivers who are seeking to maintain their mobility after being diagnosed with this condition.  3.5" x 8.5", three color, 6 panels.

http://www.nhtsa.gov/people/injury/olddrive/Driving_glaucoma/

This brochure discusses how a stroke may affect driving, suggested steps drivers may take to increase their driving safety if had a stroke, and information resources for families and for drivers who have had a stroke.  It is intended as a discussion tool among stroke victims, their doctors and families.  The brochure was developed in partnership with the American Stroke Association to assist in making decisions about driving ability, risk and safety.  3.75" x 8.5", two color, six panels.

http://www.nhtsa.gov/people/injury/olddrive/Stroke/index.html

This brochure includes symptoms of seizures, how driving may be affected for individuals who have had seizures, suggested steps drivers may take in consultation with their doctors to increase their driving safety if they have had a seizure, and information resources for drivers who have had a seizure. It is intended as a discussion tool among individuals who have had a seizure and their doctor. The pamphlet was developed in partnership with The Epilepsy Foundation to assist in making decisions about driving ability, risk and safety. It may be particularly relevant for older drivers seeking to maintain mobility after having had a seizure. 3.75"x 8.5", black and white, six panels.

http://www.nhtsa.gov/people/injury/olddrive/Seizures%20Web/

This brochure includes information about symptoms of the macular degeneration vision problem, how this condition may affect driving, suggested steps drivers may take to increase their driving safety if they have this condition, and relevant resources for drivers with this condition.  This is intended to be a discussion tool between patients and their eye doctors.  The pamphlet was developed in partnership with the American Optometric Association to help drivers, especially when making decisions about ability, risk, and safety.  This may be particular relevant for older drivers who are seeking to maintain their mobility after being diagnosed with this condition.  3.5" x 8.5", three color, 6 panels.

http://www.nhtsa.gov/people/injury/olddrive/Macular/Index.html

This brochure includes symptoms of Parkinson's, how the condition may affect driving, suggested steps drivers may take to increase their driving safety if they have this condition, and resources for drivers with Parkinson's. It is intended as a discussion tool between patients and their doctor. The pamphlet was developed in partnership with the National Parkinson Foundation and the American Parkinson Disease Association to assist in making decisions about driving ability, risk, and safety. It may be particularly relevant for older drivers seeking to maintain mobility after being diagnosed with Parkinson's. 3.75"x 8.5", two color, six panels.

http://www.nhtsa.gov/people/injury/olddrive/Parkinsons%20Web/

This brochure discusses how sleep apnea may affect driving, suggested steps drivers may take to increase their driving safety if they have this condition, and information resources for drivers with sleep apnea.  It is intended as a discussion tool among people with this condition, their doctors and family members.  The pamphlet was developed in partnership with the National Sleep Foundation to assist in making decisions about driving ability, risk, and safety.  It may be particularly relevant for older drivers seeking to maintain mobility after being diagnosed with sleep apnea.  3.75" x 8.5", black and white, six pages.

http://www.nhtsa.gov/people/injury/olddrive/sleep%20apnea/images/apnea2005.pdf

This report documents a qualitative investigation of existing DWI Tracking Systems (DWITS) nationwide, and provides recommendations for collecting and analyzing quantitative data on DWI statistics. An effective DWITS is a valuable tool for managing DWI offender data, allowing law enforcement officials to monitor records from arrest through sanction completion. This document comprises Volume 3: DWI Estimates for the United States; a quantitative presentation of DWI estimates based on state-level data from eight states with DWI tracking systems. Two color, 8.5" x 11', 15 pages.

http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/25000/25900/25938/DOT-HS-808-522.pdf

In November 2008 and again in March 2009, an expert panel was convened by the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration with the goal of determining whether a list could be developed to indicate which medications or classes of medications may pose a hazard to driving. There was particular interest in having the panel develop a list of safe”medications that do not impair driving. The value of the list would be to better inform patients and physicians regarding the likely effects of a drug on driving. This information could lead to better-informed prescribing practices and to more rational selection of medications by patients.

http://www.nhtsa.gov/staticfiles/nti/pdf/811438.pdf 

This report was prepared in accordance with Section 2013 of the Safe, Accountable, Flexible, Efficient Transportation Equity Act: A Legacy for Users (SAFETEA-LU). The report summarizes a series of studies undertaken by the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration to acquire the information needed to address the general problem of drug-impaired driving.

The report describes the research conducted on prevention, detection, and prosecution of driving under the influence of drugs; issues associated with determining what drugs impair driving; difficulties in relating blood
levels of drugs and impairment; lack of information about what drugs are frequently used by drivers and what drugs elevate crash risk; problems in obtaining representative data about current enforcement, prosecution, and
adjudication of drug-impaired driving; training for law enforcement officers in recognizing drug-impaired drivers; review of drug-impaired driving laws; and what is known about the role of drugs as causal factors in traffic
crashes. It highlights the need for further research and concludes with recommendations to better address the problem of drug-impaired driving.

http://www.nhtsa.gov/staticfiles/nti/pdf/811268.pdf

These Fact Sheets present information on sixteen of the most commonly used/abused drugs.  They include information such as psychopharmacology, as well as the specific effect each drug has on driving.  8.5" x 11", two color, 100 pages.

www.nhtsa.gov/people/injury/research/job185drugs/drugs_web.pdf

As with the prosecution of all other criminal cases, DUI cases have unique statutory elements and evidentiary issues.  This Handbook will provide a prosecutor with the essentials for an effective DWI prosecution.  It is vitally important that before a prosecutor begins a case analysis, they familiarize themselves with State statutes pertaining to DUI, the criminal procedure rules, local court rules, relevant case law, and which breath test instruments are used by local law enforcement agencies.  The prosecution of a DUI case involves the examination of the totality of the circumstances surrounding the incident:  operation of the motor vehicle, all visual observations of the defendant made by the police or civilian witnesses, statements made by the defendant, his performance of psychomotor tests (Standardized Field Sobriety Tests) and the result of any chemical test (i.e., breath, blood, or urine) and this document will assist in the successful prosecution of DWI cases.
   
I  This handbook will assist prosecutors with guidance and preparation for a DWI case.  The Handbook serves to continue our efforts for a criminal system approach to impaired driving by providing an outline for prosecutors as they focus on a DWI case, including all documentation prior to trial.  It may also be used by prosecutors to reinforce needed documentation by local law enforcement agencies in order to have an effective DWI prosecution.