IFT gene family

Genes in the intraflagellar transport homolog (IFT) family provide instructions for making proteins that are found in cell structures called cilia. Cilia are microscopic, finger-like projections that stick out from the surface of cells. They are involved in cell movement and many different chemical signaling pathways. Cilia also play an important role in the perception of sensory input (such as sight, hearing, and smell).

The movement of substances within cilia and similar structures called flagella is known as intraflagellar transport. This process is essential for the assembly and maintenance of these cell structures. During intraflagellar transport, cells use molecules called IFT particles to carry materials to and from the tips of cilia. IFT particles are made of proteins produced from genes in the IFT family. Each IFT particle is made up of two groups of IFT proteins: complex A, which includes at least 6 proteins, and complex B, which includes at least 10 proteins.

The discovery of mutations in the IFT80 gene that cause asphyxiating thoracic dystrophy (also known as Jeune syndrome) was the first association of an IFT protein with a human disease.