| Compiled by Kenneth Drexler, Digital Reference Specialist
The digital collections of the Library of Congress contain a wide variety of material associated with Henry Clay. This resource guide compiles links to digital materials related to Clay such as manuscripts, letters, broadsides, government documents, and images that are available throughout the Library of Congress Web site. In addition, it provides links to external Web sites focusing on Clay and a bibliography containing selected works for both a general audience and younger readers.
Library of Congress Web Site | External Web Sites | Selected Bibliography
A Century of Lawmaking for a New Nation: U.S. Congressional Documents and Debates, 1774-1875
This collection contains a large selection of congressional material related to Henry Clay's political career as a U.S. senator (1806-07, 1810-11, 1831-42, and 1849-52), member of the House of Representatives (1811-25), diplomat, and secretary of state (1825-29). Search this collection by date and publication to find materials related to Clay.
A selection of Clay's speeches:
- New Army Bill, January 8, 1813
- South American Independence, March 24, 1818
- "In Defense of the American System," February 2, 3, and 6, 1832
- Compromise Tariff of 1833, February 12, 1833
- Abolition Petitions, February 7, 1839
- Veto of the Bank of the United States, August 19, 1841
- Valedictory Address to the Senate, March 31, 1842
- Compromise of 1850, January 29, 1850
- Compromise of 1850, February 5 and 6, 1850
The Alfred Whital Stern Collection of Lincolniana
Alfred Whital Stern (1881-1960) of Chicago presented his outstanding collection of Lincolniana to the Library of Congress in 1953. Begun by Mr. Stern in the 1920s, the collection documents the life of Abraham Lincoln (1809-1865) both through writings by and about Lincoln as well as a large body of publications concerning the issues of the times including slavery, the Civil War, Reconstruction, and related topics. The collection contains more than 11,100 items, including two letters written by Henry Clay and twelve additional items that reference Clay.
America's First Look into the Camera: Daguerreotype Portraits and Views, 1839-1864
The Library's daguerreotype collection consists of more than 725 photographs dating from 1839 to 1864, including two photographs of Henry Clay.
An American Time Capsule: Three Centuries of Broadsides and Other Printed Ephemera
The Printed Ephemera collection comprises 28,000 primary source items dating from the seventeenth century to the present and encompasses key events and eras in American history. Search the bibliographic records and the full-text option to find items related to Henry Clay.
Built in America: Historic American Buildings Survey/Historic American Engineering Record, 1933-Present
The Historic American Buildings Survey (HABS) and the Historic American Engineering Record (HAER) collections document achievements in architecture, engineering, and design in the United States, including Henry Clay's Ashland estate in Lexington, Kentucky. Also contains records for Ashland's Smokehouse, Gardener's Cottage, Ice House, and Privy & Wash House.
The First American West: The Ohio River Valley, 1750-1820
This collection documents the land, peoples, exploration, and transformation of the trans-Appalachian West and is drawn from the holdings of the University of Chicago Library and the Filson Historical Society.
The Frederick Douglass Papers at the Library of Congress
The Frederick Douglass Papers at the Library of Congress presents the papers of the nineteenth-century African-American abolitionist who escaped from slavery and then risked his own freedom by becoming an outspoken antislavery lecturer, writer, and publisher. The Douglass Papers contain two items related to Henry Clay.
The James Madison Papers at the Library of Congress, 1723-1836
The James Madison Papers from the Manuscript Division at the Library of Congress consist of approximately 12,000 items captured in some 72,000 digital images. The Madison Papers contain sixteen letters written to Henry Clay. To find these documents, go to the collection’s search page and search on the exact phrase Henry Clay (do not put quotation marks around the words).
Among the collection’s Clay-related materials are:
Music for the Nation: American Sheet Music, 1820-1860 & 1870-1885
This collection contains more than 62,500 pieces of historical sheet music registered for copyright, including forty-five pieces about Henry Clay.
The Nineteenth Century in Print: Periodicals
This collection presents twenty-three popular periodicals digitized by Cornell University Library and the Preservation Reformatting Division of the Library of Congress. Search the bibliographic records and the full-text options to find articles that discuss Henry Clay.
Words and Deeds in American History: Selected Documents Celebrating the Manuscript Division's First 100 Years
In honor of the Manuscript Division's centennial, its staff has selected for online display approximately ninety representative documents spanning from the fifteenth century to the mid-twentieth century, including four items related to Henry Clay.
The African-American Mosaic: African-American Culture and History
This exhibit marks the publication of The African-American Mosaic: A Library of Congress Resource Guide for the Study of Black History and Culture. The Colonization section contains information on Henry Clay's involvement in the American Colonization Society.
American Treasures of the Library of Congress: Compromise of 1850
Exhibit on Senators John C. Calhoun's and Daniel Webster's speeches from the Compromise of 1850 debate.
Manuscript Division Finding Aids Online
A finding aid for the Henry Clay Family Papers collection in the Library of Congress Manuscript Division can be found online as an HTML or a PDF (90 Kb / Download Adobe Reader for PDFs) document.
Prints & Photographs Online Catalog (PPOC)
Search PPOC using the subject heading Clay, Henry,--1777-1852 to find prints, photographs, political cartoons, and other digital images related to Clay. Search all text fields in PPOC using the phrase Henry Clay to locate additional images.
January 13
President Andrew Jackson wrote Vice President Martin Van Buren expressing his opposition to South Carolina's defiance of federal authority during the Nullification Crisis. The crisis was resolved without bloodshed in March 1833. Henry Clay and John C. Calhoun, who had left the vice presidency at the end of 1832 to serve South Carolina in the Senate, drafted a reduced tariff agreement that pacified South Carolina while allowing the Federal government to stand firm.
March 7
Senator Daniel Webster delivered his famous "Seventh of March" speech urging sectional compromise on the issue of slavery. Following the lead of Senators Henry Clay and Stephen Douglas, Webster endorsed Clay's plan to assure sectional equilibrium in Congress.
June 29
On June 29, 1852, statesman Henry Clay, known as "the Great Compromiser" for his feats of legislative reconciliation between the North and the South, died at the age of seventy-five at the Old National Hotel in Washington, D.C.
November 5
On November 5, 1844, Democratic candidate James K. Polk defeated Whig Party candidate Henry Clay to become the eleventh president of the United States.
Digital Reference Section Web Guides
Primary Documents in American History
This site offers a list of some of the most important documents in American history from 1763 to 1877, including documents related to Clay such as the Treaty of Ghent, Missouri Compromise and Compromise of 1850.
Ashland: The Henry Clay Estate
Henry Clay's estate, Ashland, is a registered National Historic Landmark located in Lexington, Kentucky. This site contains information about the history and architecture of Ashland, as well as biographical information on Clay.
Biographical Directory of the United States Congress: Henry Clay
This publication contains a short biography of every member of Congress from 1774 to the present, including Henry Clay. It also provides a selected bibliography and a list of research collections related to Clay.
United States Senate
The Art and History section of the U.S. Senate's Web site contains the following information on Henry Clay:
Chambers, Richard, ed. Speeches of the Hon. Henry Clay, of the Congress of the United States. Cincinnati: Stereotyped by Shepard & Stearns, 1842.
LC Call Number: E337.8 .C65 [Catalog Record]
[Full Text]
Colton, Calvin, ed. The Private Correspondence of Henry Clay. New York: A.S. Barnes & Co., 1855.
LC Call Number: E338 .C68 [Catalog Record]
[Full Text]
-----. The Speeches of Henry Clay. 2 vols. New York: A. S. Barnes & Co., 1857.
LC Call Number: E338 .C68 [Catalog Record] [Vol. 1] [Vol. 2]
-----. The Works of Henry Clay, Comprising His Life, Correspondence and Speeches. 10 vols. New York: G.P. Putnam’s Sons, 1904.
LC Call Number: E338 .C68 [Catalog Record]
[Vol. 1]
[Vol. 2]
[Vol. 3]
[Vol. 4]
[Vol. 5]
[Vol. 6]
[Vol. 7]
[Vol. 8]
[Vol. 9]
[Vol. 10]
Hopkin, James, et al., eds. The Papers of Henry Clay, 1797-1852. 11 vols. Lexington: University of Kentucky Press, 1959-92.
LC Call Number: E337.8 .C55 1959 [Catalog Record]
Swain, James B., ed. The Life and Speeches of Henry Clay. 2 vols. New York: Greeley & McElrath, 1843.
LC Call Number: E337.8 .C59 [Catalog Record]
[Vol. 1] [Vol. 2]
Baxter, Maurice G. Henry Clay and the American System. Lexington: University Press of Kentucky, 1995.
LC Call Number: E340.C6 B39 1995 [Catalog Record]
-----. Henry Clay the Lawyer. Lexington: University Press of Kentucky, 2000.
LC Call Number: KF368.C575 B39 2000 [Catalog Record]
Clay, Thomas Hart. Henry Clay. Philadelphia: G.W. Jacobs Co., 1910.
LC Call Number: E340.C6 C62 [Catalog Record] [Full Text]
Colton, Calvin. The Last Seven Years of the Life of Henry Clay. New York: A. S. Barnes & Co., 1856.
LC Call Number: E340.C6 C7 [Catalog Record] [Full Text]
-----. The Life of Henry Clay: The Great American Statesman. New York: A. S. Barnes & Co., 1856.
LC Call Number: E340.C6 C745 [Catalog Record] [Vol. 1] [Vol. 2]
Heidler, David S. and Jeanne T. Heidler. Henry Clay: The Essential American. New York: Random House, 2010.
LC Call Number: E340.C6 H45 2010 [Catalog Record]
Peterson, Merrill D. The Great Triumvirate: Webster, Clay, and Calhoun. New York: Oxford University Press, 1987.
LC Call Number: E339 .P47 1987 [Catalog Record]
Remini, Robert V. At the Edge of the Precipice: Henry Clay and the Compromise that Saved the Union. New York: Basic Books, 2010.
LC Call Number: E423 .R46 2010 [Catalog Record]
-----. Henry Clay: Statesman for the Union. New York: W.W. Norton Co., 1991.
LC Call Number: E340.C6 R46 1991 [Catalog Record]
Shankman, Kimberly Christner. Compromise and the Constitution: The Political Thought of Henry Clay. Lanham, Md.: Lexington Books, 1999.
LC Call Number: E340.C6 S427 1999 [Catalog Record]
Burgan, Michael. Henry Clay: The Great Compromiser. Chanhassen, Minn.: Child’s World, 2004.
LC Call Number: E340.C6 B87 2004 [Catalog Record]
Tibbitts, Alison. Henry Clay: From "War Hawk" to the "Great Compromiser". Berkeley Heights, N.J.: Enslow Publishers, 2003.
LC Call Number: E340.C6 T53 2003 [Catalog Record]
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