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IUPAC Glossary of Terms Used in Toxicology, 2nd Edition
ANNEX 1
ABBREVIATIONS AND ACRONYMS USED IN TOXICOLOGY LITERATURE
ADI: Acceptable daily intake
ADME: Absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion
ADMET: Absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion, toxicokinetics
AF: Assessment factor
AIC: Akaike Information Criterion, C: a measure of
the goodness of fit of an estimated statistical model calculated
in the general case from the equation
ALARA(P): As low as reasonably achievable (practicable)
- In UK regulations relating to worker exposure
- In USA goal of risk management (USNRC regulations)
ASP: Amnesic shellfish poisoning
ATP: Adenosine triphosphate
AUC: Area under the concentration-time curve
AUMC: Area under the moment curve
BAC: Bacterial artificial chromosome
BAL: British anti-Lewisite
BCF: Bioconcentration factor
BEI: Biological exposure indices (ACGIH)
BEM: Biological effect monitoring
BMC: Benchmark concentration
BMCL: Confidence limit for BMC
BMD: Benchmark dose
BMDL: Confidence limit for BMD
BMDS: Benchmark dose at a given standard deviation
BMR: Benchmark rate
BOD: Biochemical oxygen demand
BOD: Biochemical oxygen demand, Biological oxygen demand
b.w., b.wt.: Body weight
cDNA: Complementary DNA
CMR: Carcinogenic, mutagenic and reproductive (toxicant)
COD: Chemical Oxygen Demand
CoMFA: Comparative molecular field analysis
COPC: Compound of probable concern
CRM: Certified reference material
CSAF: Chemical specific adjustment factor
CTD: Common Technical Document (drug registration)
CYP: Cytochrome P450
Cyt: Cytochrome
CV: Ceiling value
D: Absorbed dose of radiation
DDT: Dichloro diphenyl trichloroethane
DNA: Deoxyribonucleic acid
DNEL: Derived no-effect level
DSP: Diarrheal shellfish poisoning
EC: Effective concentration, Enzyme Commission, European Community
EC50: Median effective concentration to 50% of a population
ECn: Median effective concentration to n% of a population
eCTD: Electronic Common Technical Document (drug registration)
ED: Effective dose
EDI: Estimated daily intake
ED50: Median effective dose to 50% of a population
EDn: Median effective dose to n% of a population
EEC: Estimated environmental exposure concentration, estimated exposure concentration, expected environmental exposure concentration
EED: Estimated exposure dose
EEL: Environmental exposure level
EIA: Environmental impact assessment
EIS: Environmental impact statement
ELISA: Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay
EMDI: Estimated maximum daily intake
EQO: Environmental quality objective
EQS: Environmental quality standard
ERL: Extraneous residue limit
EST: Expressed sequence tag
ETS: Environmental tobacco smoke
f: Toxicity equivalency factor
F: Fraction of dose absorbed; bio-availability
FONSi: Finding of no significant impact
GAP: Good agricultural practice
GCP: Good clinical practice
GHS: Global harmonization system for classification of hazardous substances
GLP: Good laboratory practice
GFR: Glomerular filtration rate
GMO: Genetically modified organism
GMP: Good manufacturing practice
GRAS: Generally Regarded As Safe
HAL: Health advisory level
HAZOP: Hazard and Operability Study
HEQ: Human equivalent dose
HSG: Health and Safety Guide (IPCS)
HQ: Hazard quotient
i.c.: Intracutaneous
IC: Inhibitory concentration
ICn: Inhibitory concentration to n % of a population
i.d.: Intradermal
ID: Inhibitory dose
IDn: Inhibitory dose to n % of a population
IDLHC: Immediately dangerous to life and health concentration
i.m.: Intramuscular
inhl: By inhalation
i.p.: Intraperitoneal
I-TEF: International toxicity equivalency factor
i.v.: Intravenous
Kd: Soil partition coefficient
KM: Michaelis constant
Koc: Organic carbon partition coefficient
Kow: Octanol water partition coefficient
KD: Partition ratio
LADD: Lifetime average daily dose
LCmin: Minimum lethal concentration
LCn: Median concentration lethal to n % of a test population
LC50: See LCn
LD: Lethal dose
LDmin: Minimum lethal dose
LDn: Median dose lethal to n % of a test population
LD50: See LDn
LED: Lowest effective dose
LEDx: Lowest effective dose for a biological effect in x% of the individuals in the test population
LEL: Lowest effect level, same as LOEL
LOEL: Lowest observed effect level
LOAEL: Lowest observed adverse effect level
LTn: Median time for death of n % of a test population
LV: Limit value
MAC: Maximum allowable concentration
MAK: Maximal arbeitsplatz konzentration (German)
MCL: Maximum contaminant level
MCLG: Maximum contaminant level goals
MCS: Multiple chemical sensitivity
MEL: Maximum exposure limit
MF: Modifying factor
MFO: Mixed function oxidase
MN: Micronucleus
MOE: Margin of exposure
MOS: Margin of Safety
MPC: Maximum permissible concentration
MPL: Maximum permissible level
MRL: Maximum residue limit
MRL: Minimal risk level (ATSDR)
MRT: Mean residence time
mRNA: Messenger ribonucleic acid
MSDS: Material safety data sheet
MTC: Maximum tolerable concentration
MTD: Maximum tolerable dose, Maximum tolerated dose
MTEL: Maximum tolerable exposure level
NADP(H): Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (reduced)
NAG: N-acetyl-D-glycosaminidase
NCn: Median concentration narcotic to n % of a population
NDn: Median dose narcotic to n % of a population
NED: No effect dose
NEL: No effect level, same as NOEL
NOAEL: No observed adverse effect level
NOEL: No observed effect level
NRL: No response level
NSAID: Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug
NSC: Normalized sensitivity coefficients
NSP: nanosized particles; nanoparticles (ultrafines)
OEL: Occupational exposure level
OES: Occupational exposure standard
OR: Odds ratio
PADI: Pseudo-acceptable daily intake
PAH: Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon
PBPK: Physiologically-based pharmacokinetic modeling
PBPD: Physiologically based pharmacodynamic modeling
PBTK: Physiologically based toxicokinetic modeling
PBB: Polybrominated biphenyl
PCB: Polychlorinated biphenyl
PCC: Population critical concentration
PCDF: Polychlorinated dibenzofuran
PCR: Polymerase chain reaction
PEC: Predicted environmental concentration
PEL: Permissible exposure limit
PBT: Persistent, bio-accumulative and toxic
p.c.: Per cutim (Latin) = Through the skin
PEL: Permissible exposure limit
PIPs: Persistent inorganic pollutants
PM0.1: Ultrafine particles in air with a maximum aerodynamic diameter < 0.1 µm
PM2.5: Particles in air of with a maximum aerodynamic diameter of 2.5 µm
PM10: Particles in air of with a maximum aerodynamic diameter of 10 µm
PMR: Proportionate mortality rate, ratio
PNEC: Predicted no-effect concentration
p.o.: Per os (Latin) = By mouth
POPs: Persistent organic pollutants
POW: Octanol water partition coefficient
Q: Quality factor (radiation)
PPAR: Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor
PPD: Personal protective device
PPE: Personal protective equipment
PSP: Paralytic shellfish poisoning
PTWI: Provisional tolerable weekly intake
QSAR: Quantitative structure-activity relationship
3D-QSAR: Three-dimensional quantitative structure-activity relationship
QSMR: Quantitative structure-metabolism relationship
RD: Rate difference
REL: Recommended exposure limit (NIOSH)
RER: Relative excess risk
RfC: Reference concentration
RfD: Reference dose
RIA: Radio-immunoassay
RME: Reasonable maximum exposure
RNA: Ribonucleic acid
RNS: Reactive nitrogen species
RR: Rate ratio; relative risk
ROS: Reactive oxygen species
S-9: Rat liver microsome preparation
SAR: Structure-activity relationship, Standard absorption rate
s.c.: Subcutaneous
SCE: Sister chromatid exchange
SD: Standard deviation
SE: Standard error
SF: Safety factor
SMR: Standard mortality ratio, Structure-metabolism relationship
SNARL: Suggested no-adverse-response level
SNP: Single nucleotide polymorphism
SPF: Specific pathogen free
STEL: Short term exposure limit
t1/2: Half life, half time
Teq: Toxicity equivalent
TBPK: Toxicologically-based pharmacokinetic modeling
TCDD: 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin [2,3,7,8-tetrachlorooxanthrene]
TDI: Tolerable daily intake
TEF: Toxicity equivalency factor
TEQ: Toxicity equivalent
TER: Toxicity exposure ratio
TLn: See LTn
TLV: Threshold limit value (ACGIH)
TLV-C: Ceiling threshold limit value (ACGIH)
TLV-STEL: Threshold limit value (ACGIH) - short term exposure limit
TLV-TWA: Threshold limit value (ACGIH) - time weighted average
TMDI: Theoretical maximum daily intake
TTC: Threshold of toxicological concern
TWA: Time-weighted average
TWAC: Time-weighted average concentration
TWAE: Time-weighted average exposure
TWI: Tolerable weekly intake
UDP: Uridine diphosphate
UF: Uncertainty factor
Vmax: Maximum velocity
VOC: Volatile organic compound
vPvB: Very persistent and very bio-accumulative
VSD: Virtually safe dose