Many prostate cancer SPOREs have a partnership with the Prostate Cancer Clinical Trials Consortium (PCCTC), which is sponsored by the Department of Defense. The PCCTC endeavors to design, implement, and complete hypothesis-driven phase 1 and 2 trials of novel agents and combination treatments that could prolong the lives of patients with prostate cancer. The principal investigator of the PCCTC, Dr. Howard Scher, is also the principal investigator of the SPORE in prostate cancer at the Memorial Sloan-Kettering Institute for Cancer Research. Many of the prostate SPORE clinical trials are now being conducted inter-institutionally through the PCCTC infrastructure.