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Question ID: Oct 9-2
Submitted by: October 9, 2010 Provocative Questions Workshop - Submitted to the website
December 17, 2010

How can we harness new technologies to inhibit traditionally “undruggable” target proteins, such as transcription factors, that are required for cancer cell viability?

 

Background:   Many tumor cells are known to be dependent on the expression of transcription factors---mutant or inappropriately expressed wild-type factors---based on experiments with artificially regulated transgenes or inhibitory RNAs.  Yet in the vast majority of cases, we don’t know how to interfere with these factors or their activities in clinical settings because, in general, we lack the means to inhibit proteins that are not enzymes.

 

Feasibility:   Several approaches---hormone-like ligands, structural modeling of proteins and protein-protein interactions, interference with protein modification or protein stability, and inhibitory RNAs---have the potential to form the basis for novel therapeutic strategies against traditionally “undruggable” targets of this type.

 

Implications of success:  A wide range of malignancies could be candidates for clinical trials with these new classes of drugs designed to block the actions of formerly refractory targets.

 

Average Score: 4.5 4.5 star (4 evaluations)
Provocativeness - 4.5
Novelty - 4.5
Public Health Significance - 5.0
Feasibility - 5.0

Comments
2011/01/25 15:22:54.456 US/Eastern
Submitted By Sridhar Mani

A traditionally "undruggable" site was thought to be protein-protein interaction surfaces. In this context, there has been tremendous progress made for example in disrupting nuclear receptor-coregulatior interactions. This also tells us that besides ligand binding pockets there are many pockets on TFs that could bind ligands, which perhaps would eventually break our classical understanding of ligand-binding domains etc.. . Similarly, TF-DNA binding has perhaps similar properties and that the notion that a DNA binding domain might be necessary for oligo binding may eventually undergo a similar fate. Thus it seems certain that all these pockets are "druggable". The key is reduction of off-target effects and toxicity.


2011/01/20 17:58:52.887 US/Eastern
Submitted By Thomas Schneider

Transcription factors bind DNA so why can't we target the DNA binding surface? If we make a sequence logo from proven (!) binding sites, we can have a pretty good idea of what contacts are made and of course X-ray crystal structures nail it down. One could imagine a double stranded PNA with (perhaps) a crosslinker that targets a particular factor. Getting that large molecule into cells might be a problem though.


2011/01/19 20:18:53.505 US/Eastern
Submitted By Gregory Petsko

I would not say that we lack the means to inhibit proteins that are not enzymes; we do quite well finding antagonists for cell surface receptors, for example. But it is true that transcription factors have proven notably refractory to specific inhibition, and I think it may be worthwhile to think carefully about why that is so. I do like the topic, because I think the tools to address this problem are in our hands now, and the payoff would certainly be big. I'm glad the term "undruggable" was put in quotes, because if recent history teaches us anything, it should be that there is probably no such thing as an undruggable target.



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