Internet Access Services:

Status as of December 31, 2011

Industry Analysis and Technology Division
Wireline Competition Bureau
February 2013


















This report is available for reference in the FCC’s Reference Information Center, Courtyard Level, 445 12th
Street, SW, Washington, DC. Copies may be purchased by contacting Best Copy and Printing, Inc., 445
12th Street, SW, Room CY-B402, Washington, DC 20554, telephone (800) 378-3160, or via their website at
www.bcpiweb.com. The report can also be downloaded from the Wireline Competition Bureau Statistical
Reports Internet site athttp://www.fcc.gov/wcb/stats"> www.fcc.gov/wcb/stats.

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Table of Contents

Introduction ........................................................................................................................................... 1

Figure 1
Fixed Connections and Mobile Connections by Speed 2009-2011 ........................... 2
Figure 2
Speed Composition of Fixed Connections and Mobile Connections

as of December 31, 2011 ........................................................................................... 3

Connection speeds in detail .................................................................................................................. 3

Figure 3(a)
Distribution of Reportable Fixed Connections by Downstream Speed ..................... 4
Figure 3(b)
Distribution of Reportable Fixed Connections by Upstream Speed .......................... 5
Figure 4(a)
Distribution of Reportable Mobile Connections by Downstream Speed................... 6
Figure 4(b)
Distribution of Reportable Mobile Connections by Upstream Speed ....................... 7

Providers by census tract by connection speed .................................................................................. 8

Figure 5(a)
Percentages of Households Located in Census Tracts Where Providers

Report Residential Fixed-Location Connections of Various Speeds ......................... 9
Figure 5(b)
Percentages of Households Located in Census Tracts Where Providers

Report Residential Fixed-Location Connections of Various Speeds

or Operate a Mobile Wireless Network Capable of Delivering Service

of Various Speeds .................................................................................................... 10

Internet access adoption. .................................................................................................................... 11

Figure 6
Fixed-Location Connections 1999-2011 ................................................................. 11

Other report highlights ....................................................................................................................... 12

Residential subscribership .............................................................................................................. 12
Household adoption of faster speeds .............................................................................................. 12
Census tract and county shares of households with reportable connections .................................. 13
Household adoption rates and subscribership demographics ......................................................... 13
Maps of providers by census tract .................................................................................................. 13

Remainder of the report ..................................................................................................................... 13

Detailed Summary Statistics: The Nation ........................................................................................ 15

Detailed Summary Statistics: The States ......................................................................................... 33

Detailed Summary Statistics: Counties and Census Tracts ........................................................... 50

Detailed Correlation Results: Demographic Measures .................................................................. 66

Technical Notes ................................................................................................................................... 80

Glossary ............................................................................................................................................... 83

U.S. Federal Communications Commission

Internet Access Services: Status as of December 31, 2011 i

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Internet Access Services: Status as of December 31, 2011

Introduction.

This report summarizes information about Internet access connections over 200 kilobits
per second (kbps) in at least one direction in service in the United States on December 31, 2011, as
collected by FCC Form 477. Form 477 gathers standardized information about subscribership to Internet
access services in the fifty states, District of Columbia, and inhabited insular areas (American Samoa,
Guam, Northern Mariana Islands, Puerto Rico, and U.S. Virgin Islands). The information is reported by
telephone companies, cable system operators, terrestrial wireless service providers, satellite service
providers, and other facilities-based providers of advanced telecommunications capability.1 This is the
seventh report to include details about subscribership differences among census tracts and counties, as
well as subscribership differences among the states.2

Notable developments between December 2010 and December 2011 include:

 Internet connections overall are growing. The number of connections over 200 kbps in at least
one direction increased by 27% year-over-year to 230 million.

 Growth is particularly high in mobile Internet subscriptions, but fixed-location connections also
continue to increase. The number of mobile subscriptions grew to 142 million – up 46% from
December 2010. The number of fixed-location connections increased by 4% year-over-year, to
88 million.

 Both fixed and mobile services are shifting to higher speeds. The share of fixed connections with
download speeds at or above 3 Mbps and upload speeds at or above 768 kbps increased from
53% to 58% of total fixed connections. Among mobile wireless subscriptions, the share
increased from 11% to 22%.

 Despite the strong growth of total mobile connections, fixed connections continued to dominate
among those connections with higher download and upload speeds. Figure 1 illustrates the trend
in connections speeds from December 2009 through December 2011, and Figure 2 presents a
side-by-side comparison of fixed and mobile connection speeds in December 2011.


1 See the Technical Notes and the Glossary that appear at the end of this report for more-detailed information about
the Form 477 data collection and the meaning of terms used in this report.
Readers should note two key aspects of the Form 477 data. First, if service connections of different speeds are
available to a particular consumer for purchase – from one or more suppliers – then only the purchased connection
is counted by Form 477. Second, the reported connection speed is typically the advertised speed of the purchased
service, and it is possible that the purchased service will not operate at its advertised speed at all times. The
Commission has sponsored tests of actual consumer broadband speeds. See, e.g., Federal Communications
Commission, Office of Engineering and Technology and Consumer and Governmental Affairs Bureau, 2012
Measuring Broadband America: A Report on Consumer Wireline Broadband Performance in the U.S. (July 2012),
available http://www.fcc.gov/measuring-broadband-america">at www.fcc.gov/measuring-broadband-america.
2 The Form 477 program began collecting state-level data in 2000. Census tract-level data were first collected in
December 2008. For an overview of program history, see High-Speed Services for Internet Access: Status as of
December 31, 2008 (February 2010) (December 2008 High-Speed Report) at pp. 1-4, available at
http://transition.fcc.gov/wcb/iatd/comp.html">www.fcc.gov/wcb/iatd/comp.html. Readers who are interested in historical trends in the Form 477 data should note
the changes in reporting requirements that were effective in 2008 and earlier, in 2005.

U.S. Federal Communications Commission
Internet Access Services: Status as of December 31, 2011 1

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Figure 1

Fixed Connections and Mobile Connections by Speed* 2009-2011

* Some previously published data have been revised. Figures may not sum to totals elsewhere in this report due to rounding.
Connections include both residential and business connections. In December 2011, total connections were reported as 35%
residential fixed connections, 3% business fixed connections, 46% mobile connections to non-business subscribers, and 16%
mobile connections to business subscribers.

U.S. Federal Communications Commission
Internet Access Services: Status as of December 31, 2011 2

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Figure 2

Speed Composition of Fixed Connections and Mobile Connections

as of December 31, 2011


10%
39%
12%
&%
%
19%
&%
%
78%

42%








Connection speeds in detail. The Form 477 program categorizes reportable connections into 72 speed
tiers defined by eight ranges of downstream and nine ranges of upstream speed. In this overview
discussion, we organize the extensive information collected for December 2011 into three groups of
downstream speeds and three groups of upstream speeds. We do this separately for fixed-location
connections and for mobile connections. For the breakpoints between the speed groups, we use the Form
477-defined breakpoints that the Commission has discussed as potential proxies for the broadband

U.S. Federal Communications Commission
Internet Access Services: Status as of December 31, 2011 3

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availability benchmark.3 These breakpoints are 3 Mbps and 6 Mbps for downstream speeds and 768 kbps
and 1.5 Mbps for upstream speeds.4,5

Fixed connections – downstream speeds.

Figure 3(a) illustrates how the 88 million fixed
connections reported for December 2011 were distributed across the three ranges of downstream speed
defined by breakpoints at 3 Mbps and at 6 Mbps.

Figure 3(a)

Distribution of Reportable Fixed Connections (88,310,000) by

Downstream Speed as of December 31, 2011

57.0%
27.1%
15.9%
Downstream Speed ≥ 6 Mbps (50,355,000 connections)
3 Mbps ≤ Downstream Speed < 6 Mbps (14,022,000 connections)
Downstream Speed < 3 Mbps (23,933,000 connections)



3 The Commission benchmarked broadband as a transmission service that enables an end user actually to download
Internet content at 4 megabits per second (Mbps) and to upload Internet content at 1 Mbps over the service
provider’s network. See Inquiry Concerning the Deployment of Advanced Telecommunications Capability to All
Americans in a Reasonable and Timely Fashion, and Possible Steps to Accelerate Such Deployment Pursuant to
Section 706 of the Telecommunications Act of 1996, Amended by the Broadband Data Improvement Act, GN Docket
Nos. 09-137, 09-51, Report, 25 FCC Rcd 95560, 9563, para. 11 (2010) (Sixth Broadband Deployment Report).
4 See Sixth Broadband Deployment Report, 25 FCC Rcd at 9568, para. 20. As explained there, the Commission
decided to evaluate the evidence of broadband availability using 3 Mbps downstream and 768 kbps upstream to
proxy the speed benchmark of 4 Mbps downstream and 1 Mbps upstream. Subsequent reports have used this proxy;
see, e.g., Eighth Broadband Progress Report, 27 FCC Rcd 10342, 10364, para. 29 (2012).
5 Our narrative discussion of the speeds of fixed connections is summarized more concisely in Chart 2, at p. 19, and
our narrative discussion of the speeds of mobile connections is summarized more concisely in Chart 5, at p. 22.

U.S. Federal Communications Commission
Internet Access Services: Status as of December 31, 2011 4

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 In December 2011, 27% of reportable fixed connections (or 23.9 million connections) were
slower than 3 Mbps in the downstream direction, 16% (or 14.0 million connections) were at least
3 Mbps in the downstream direction but slower than 6 Mbps, and 57% (or 50.4 million
connections) were at least 6 Mbps in the downstream direction.6

 For speeds in the downstream direction, almost three-quarters (73%) of fixed connections met the
broadband availability proxy of 3 Mbps or higher that was used in the Eighth Broadband
Progress Report.

Fixed connections – upstream speeds.

Figure 3(b) illustrates how the 88 million fixed
connections reported for December 2011 were distributed across the three ranges of upstream speed
defined by breakpoints at 768 kbps and at 1.5 Mbps.

Figure 3(b)

Distribution of Reportable Fixed Connections (88,310,000) by

Upstream Speed as of December 31, 2011

39.9%
37.3%
22.8%
Upstream Speed ≥ 1.5 Mbps (35,223,000 connections)
768 kbps ≤ Upstream Speed < 1.5 Mbps (20,171,000 connections)
Upstream Speed < 768 kbps (32,915,000 connections)




6 See Chart 2, at p. 19.

U.S. Federal Communications Commission
Internet Access Services: Status as of December 31, 2011 5

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 In December 2011, 37% of reportable fixed connections (or 32.9 million connections) were
slower than 768 kbps in the upstream direction, 23% (or 20.2 million connections) were at least
768 kbps in the upstream direction but slower than 1.5 Mbps, and 40% (or 35.2 million
connections) were at least 1.5 Mbps in the upstream direction.7

 For speeds in the upstream direction, 63% of fixed connections met the broadband availability
proxy of 768 kbps or higher that was used in the Eighth Broadband Progress Report.

Fixed connections – summary.

Considering both downstream and upstream speeds, 58% of the 88
million fixed connections reported for December 2011 (or 51 million connections) met the broadband
availability proxy of 3 Mbps or higher downstream and 768 kbps or higher upstream that was used in the
Eighth Broadband Progress Report.8

Mobile connections – downstream speeds.

Figure 4(a) illustrates how the 142 million mobile
connections reported for December 2011 were distributed across the three ranges of downstream speed
defined by breakpoints at 3 Mbps and at 6 Mbps.

Figure 4(a)

Distribution of Reportable Mobile Connections (142,066,000) by

Downstream Speed as of December 31, 2011

5.5%
78.1%
16.4%
Downstream Speed ≥ 6 Mbps (23,295,000 connections)
3 Mbps ≤ Downstream Speed < 6 Mbps (7,781,000 connections)
Downstream Speed < 3 Mbps (110,990,000 connections)


7 Ibid.
8 Compare Tables 1 and 2, at p. 17.

U.S. Federal Communications Commission
Internet Access Services: Status as of December 31, 2011 6

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 In December 2011, 78% of reportable mobile connections (or 111.0 million connections) were
slower than 3 Mbps in the downstream direction, 6% (or 7.8 million connections) were at least 3
Mbps in the downstream direction but slower than 6 Mbps, and 16% (or 23.3 million
connections) were at least 6 Mbps in the downstream direction.9

 For speeds in the downstream direction, 22% of mobile connections met the downstream speed of
3 Mbps or higher that was used in the Eighth Broadband Progress Report.


Mobile connections – upstream speeds. Figure 4(b) illustrates how the 142 million mobile
connections reported for December 2011 were distributed across the three ranges of upstream speed
defined by breakpoints at 768 kbps and at 1.5 Mbps.

Figure 4(b)

Distribution of Reportable Mobile Connections (142,066,000) by

Upstream Speed as of December 31, 2011

32.1%
10.4%
57.5%
Upstream Speed ≥ 1.5 Mbps (14,765,000 connections)
768 kbps ≤ Upstream Speed < 1.5 Mbps (45,638,000 connections)
Upstream Speed < 768 kbps (81,664,000 connections)




9 See Chart 5, at p. 22.

U.S. Federal Communications Commission
Internet Access Services: Status as of December 31, 2011 7

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• In December 2011, about 57% of reportable mobile connections (or 81.7 million connections)
were slower than 768 kbps in the upstream direction, 32% (or 45.6 million connections) were at
least 768 kbps in the upstream direction but slower than 1.5 Mbps, and 10% (or 14.8 million
connections) were at least 1.5 Mbps in the upstream direction.10

• For speeds in the upstream direction, about 43% of mobile connections met the upstream speed of
768 kbps or higher that was used in the Eighth Broadband Progress Report.

Mobile connections – summary. Considering both downstream and upstream speeds, 22% of
the 142 million fixed connections reported for December 2011 (or 31 million connections) met the
downstream speed of 3 Mbps or higher and the upstream speed of 768 kbps or higher that were used
in the Eighth Broadband Progress Report.11

Providers by census tract by connection speed. In earlier reports in which we summarized Form 477
data through June 2008, we included summary statistics for the percentage of 5-digit geographical ZIP
Codes in which differing numbers of providers (zero providers, one provider, two providers, etc.) had
customers for their reportable connections.12 The ZIP Code-based data did not include information about
the speeds of the connections that were purchased in particular ZIP Codes. However, the census tract-
level information collected on Form 477 since December 2008 does include the speeds of purchased
fixed-location connections.13 In Figure 5(a), we use that information to estimate the percentages of
households located in census tracts where zero, one, two, or three or more providers reported residential
fixed-location connections of several different speeds in December 2011. In doing so, however, we
emphasize that a provider who reports residential fixed-location connections of a particular speed in a
particular census tract may not necessarily offer service at that speed everywhere in the census tract.
Accordingly, the number of providers shown in Figure 5(a) does not necessarily reflect the number of
choices available to a particular household.



10 Ibid.
11 Compare Tables 1 and 2, at p. 17.

12 For the most recent such report, see High-Speed Services for Internet Access: Status as of June 30, 2008 (July
2009) (June 2008 High-Speed Report) at pp. 1-4, available at www.fcc.gov/wcb/iatd/comp.html.
13 Mobile wireless providers report the number of service subscriptions they have sold, and the speeds of those
service subscriptions, at the state level only. For individual census tracts, they report the speeds of mobile wireless
service subscriptions that they offer for sale – that is, the capability of the network that they operate in the census
tract.

U.S. Federal Communications Commission
Internet Access Services: Status as of December 31, 2011 8

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Figure 5(a)

Percentages of Households Located in Census Tracts Where Providers Report

Residential Fixed-Location Connections of Various Speeds as of December 31, 2011

100
90
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
At least 3 Mbps
At least 3 Mbps
At least 6 Mbps
At least 10 Mbps
downstream & over 200
downstream & 768
downstream & 1.5
downstream & 1.5
kbps upstream
kbps upstream
Mbps upstream
Mbps upstream
3+ Providers
48
35
4
3
2 Providers
46
51
30
29
1 Provider
6
12
54
55
0 Providers
0
1
12
13

Figures may not sum to 100% due to rounding.


U.S. Federal Communications Commission
Internet Access Services: Status as of December 31, 2011 9

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In Figure 5(b), we estimate the percentages of households in census tracts where providers reported
purchased residential fixed-location connections of different speeds or reported operating a mobile
wireless network capable of sending or receiving data at the indicated speeds. Again, we emphasize that
such providers may not necessarily offer services at those speeds everywhere in the census tract.

Figure 5(b)

Percentages of Households Located in Census Tracts Where Providers Report

Residential Fixed-Location Connections of Various Speeds or Operate a Mobile Wireless Network

Capable of Delivering Service of Various Speeds as of December 31, 2011

100
90
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
At least 3 Mbps
At least 3 Mbps
At least 6 Mbps
At least 10 Mbps
downstream & over 200
downstream & 768
downstream & 1.5
downstream & 1.5
kbps upstream
kbps upstream
Mbps upstream
Mbps upstream
3+ Providers
85
79
51
16
2 Providers
12
14
24
31
1 Provider
3
6
17
41
0 Providers
0
1
7
11

Figures may not sum to 100% due to rounding.

U.S. Federal Communications Commission
Internet Access Services: Status as of December 31, 2011 10

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Internet access adoption.

The Commission has systematically collected, compiled, and published data
about the adoption of fixed-location Internet access connections faster than 200 kbps in at least one
direction for more than a decade. Figure 6 illustrates the adoption of fixed-location Internet access
connections (that is, all reportable connections except mobile wireless connections) since 1999.14

Figure 6

Fixed-Location Connections 1999-2011

100,000
100
90,000
90
80,000
80
s
s
d
70,000
70
it
san
ou
60,000
h
60
T
e
r
100 Un
50,000
s in
50
s p
40,000
e
c
t
ion
40
e
c
t
ion
n
n
30,000

Con

30

Con

20,000
20
10,000
10
0
0
ec 1999
ec 2000
ec 2001
ec 2002
ec 2003
ec 2004
ec 2005
ec 2006
ec 2007
ec 2008
ec 2009
ec 2010
ec 2011
D
Jun 2000
D
Jun 2001
D
Jun 2002
D
Jun 2003
D
Jun 2004
D
Jun 2005
D
Jun 2006
D
Jun 2007
D
Jun 2008
D
Jun 2009
D
Jun 2010
D
Jun 2011
D
Residential Fixed Connections (left axis)
Total Fixed Connections (left axis)
Residential Fixed Connections per 100 Households (right axis)
Total Fixed Connections per 100 Population (right axis)



• Between December 2001 and December 2011, total (business and residential) reportable fixed-
location connections grew from 12 million connections to 88 million connections – at a
compound annual growth rate of 22% per year.

• Over the same ten-year period, residential fixed-location connections grew from 11 million
connections to 81 million connections – also at a compound annual growth rate of 22% per year.


14 Historical fixed-location connection counts not included in this report may be found in June 2008 High-Speed
Report at Tables 1 and 3, available in Excel format athttp://transition.fcc.gov/wcb/iatd/comp.html"> www.fcc.gov/wcb/iatd/comp.html.

U.S. Federal Communications Commission
Internet Access Services: Status as of December 31, 2011 11

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• As we reported previously, between June 2001 and June 2011, household adoption – which we
track in Figure 6 by comparing the number of residential fixed-location connections to the
number of households – increased from 7 connections per 100 households to 65 connections per
100 households.15,16

Other report highlights.

Residential subscribership

• Residential fixed-location Internet access connections over 200 kbps in at least one direction
increased by 5% between December 2010 and December 2011, to 81 million. See Table 3.

• Reported residential mobile wireless service subscribers with mobile devices and data plans for
full Internet access increased by 46%, to 106 million, between December 2010 and December
2011. See Table 3.

• The reported data show 30% annual increases in the number of residential fixed-location
connections that are at least 6 Mbps downstream and 1.5 Mbps upstream (from 24.6 million to
32.3 million) and in the number of connections that are at least 10 Mbps downstream and 1.5
Mbps upstream (from 24.2 million to 31.6 million). See Chart 12.

Household adoption of faster speeds

• As a national average in December 2011, there were 40 residential fixed-location connections per
100 households for connections with speeds that were reported to be at least 3 Mbps downstream
and 768 kbps upstream.17 See Table 13.


15 See Internet Access Services: Status as of June 30, 2011 (June 2012) at p. 10. We calculated residential fixed
connections per 100 households using, in the denominator, U.S. household estimates from the Census Bureau’s
Current Population Survey (CPS) for July of each year, Census 2010 households for Puerto Rico, and Census 2000
households for the remaining inhabited insular areas. (The CPS also estimates U.S. households for March and
November of each year.) Ratios calculated for different dates or by using alternative household estimates will differ
somewhat from the ratios reported in Figure 6.
16 We also show total (including business as well as residential) fixed-location connections per 100 population in
Figure 6, which we calculated using U.S. Census Bureau population estimates for the United States and Puerto Rico
– which are as of July 1 each year – and Census 2000 population for the remaining inhabited insular areas. This
statistic, which is routinely reported by the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD),
incorporates connections to business locations into a comparison to persons. A more accurately measured indicator
of this type would include only connections to residential locations, but OECD does not have comprehensive,
consistent information about residential connections in the member countries. (We note that the ratio of accurately
measured residential fixed-location connections to population has a maximum value for any given country and point
in time – the value when every household is connected – if we assume that no household would have more than one
fixed connection to its premises. For the United States in June 2011, for example, the maximum value would be 38
because there were about 120.8 million households in the United States and inhabited insular areas and a population
of about 315.7 million.)
17 Increases over time in the ratio of residential fixed-location connections to households indicate that increasing
shares of households are connected at home. The ratio is somewhat different from the “take rate” of offered service
because, as discussed in connection with Figure 5(a), some households are located in areas where apparently no
fixed-location service is offered (as none is purchased).

U.S. Federal Communications Commission
Internet Access Services: Status as of December 31, 2011 12

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Census tract and county shares of households with reportable connections

• We estimate the share of households with fixed-location Internet access connections over 200
kbps in at least one direction in individual census tracts and counties as of December 31, 2011.
Our estimates continue to indicate that there are substantial areas of relatively low and relatively
high household adoption around the national average. See Charts 15 and 16.

• For both census tracts and counties, we continue to find estimates above 100% for the share of
households with reportable fixed-location Internet access connections. These results suggest that
some filers are not accurately assigning customer connections to census tracts, and anecdotal
evidence supports that conclusion.18

Household adoption rates and subscribership demographics

• The report includes charts that illustrate correlations between household subscribership, or
adoption, rates and demographic measures. We update charts based on income, household
density, education, age, and race. The data indicate that some demographic variables are
correlated with the adoption of Internet access service. See Charts 17-29.

Maps of providers by census tract

• Maps depict the number of providers of reportable connections by census tract. These maps are
similar to previously published maps of providers by ZIP Code, but differ in important respects.
In particular, instead of a single map combining providers of connections over all technologies
and to both residential and business end users, now separate maps depict: (1) providers of total
(combined residential and business) reportable fixed-location connections, (2) providers of
residential reportable fixed-location connections, (3) providers of residential fixed-location
connections at least 3 Mbps downstream and 768 kbps upstream, and (4) providers making
reportable mobile wireless service available.19

Remainder of the report.

The remainder of the report consists of tables, charts, and maps that highlight
different aspects of Internet access service subscriptions. This information is organized into four sections,
as described below. As always, publicly accessible data that are too voluminous to include in this report
are available online at www.fcc.gov/wcb/iatd/comp.html.

• Detailed Summary Statistics: The Nation. Tables 1-12 and Charts 1-14 focus in order on:
number of connections, speed of connections, technology of connections, and number of
providers.

• Detailed Summary Statistics: The States. Tables 13-22 present comparable information for the
individual states and our estimates of the shares of households that are connected at different
speeds.


18 For example, while contacting Form 477 filers with questions about reported data, FCC staff continue to find
situations in which all connections reported for a county have been assigned to a single, anomalous census tract.
19 As discussed in the Technical Notes, a mobile wireless provider should only report service availability in census
tracts where the provider operates a network capable of sending or receiving data at speeds above 200 kbps.

U.S. Federal Communications Commission
Internet Access Services: Status as of December 31, 2011 13

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• Detailed Summary Statistics: Counties and Census Tracts. Charts 15-16 and Tables 23-27
present information about differences among counties and census tracts. This section concludes
with two maps that illustrate differences among census tracts in the estimated share of connected
households and the four maps (discussed above) that illustrate providers by census tract.

• Detailed Correlation Results: Demographic Measures. Charts 17-29 present details of the
correlations observed between the estimated share of connected households and demographic
measures.
* * * *

We invite users of this information to suggest improvements in the data analysis by using the attached
customer response form or sending comments to IATDreports@fcc.gov for subject: December 2011
Internet services data, and to participate in proceedings the Commission undertakes to improve the data
collection.

U.S. Federal Communications Commission
Internet Access Services: Status as of December 31, 2011 14

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Detailed Summary Statistics: The Nation

Contents of this section

Number of connections

Table 1
Connections over 200 kbps in at Least One Direction 2007-2011 .................................... 17
Table 2
Connections at Least 3 mbps Downstream and 768 kbps Upstream 2008-2011 .............. 17
Table 3
Residential Connections over 200 kbps in at Least One Direction 2007-2011 ................. 17
Table 4
Residential Connections at Least 3 mbps Downstream and 768 kbps

Upstream 2008-2011 ......................................................................................................... 17

Speed of connections

Chart 1
Distribution of Connections over 200 kbps in at Least One Direction as of

December 31, 2011 ............................................................................................................ 18
Chart 2
Distribution of Fixed Connections over 200 kbps in at Least One Direction

as of December 31, 2011 ................................................................................................... 19
Chart 3
Distribution of Residential Connections over 200 kbps in at Least One Direction

as of December 31, 2011 ................................................................................................... 20
Chart 4
Distribution of Residential Fixed Connections over 200 kbps in at Least One

Direction as of December 31, 2011 ................................................................................... 21
Chart 5
Distribution of Mobile Wireless Connections over 200 kbps in at Least One

Direction as of December 31, 2011 ................................................................................... 22

Technology of connections

Table 5
Connections over 200 kbps in at Least One Direction by Technology 2007-2011 ........... 23
Chart 6
Connections by Technology as of December 31, 2011 ..................................................... 23

Table 6
Residential Connections over 200 kbps in at Least One Direction by Technology

2007-2011 .......................................................................................................................... 24
Chart 7
Residential Connections by Technology as of December 31, 2011 .................................. 24

Connections by speed and technology

Table 7
Connections at Least 3 mbps Downstream and 768 kbps Upstream

by Technology 2008-2011 ................................................................................................. 25
Chart 8
Connections at Least 3 mbps Downstream and 768 kbps Upstream

by Technology as of December 31, 2011 .......................................................................... 25
Table 8
Residential Connections at Least 3 mbps Downstream and 768 kbps Upstream

by Technology 2008-2011 ................................................................................................. 26
Chart 9
Residential Connections at Least 3 mbps Downstream and 768 kbps Upstream

by Technology as of December 31, 2011 .......................................................................... 26
Chart 10
Residential Fixed Connections over 200 kbps in at Least One Direction 2006-2011

(Shares of selected technologies) ...................................................................................... 27
Chart 11
Residential Fixed Connections over 200 kbps in at Least One Direction 2007-2011

(Net adds for selected technologies) .................................................................................. 27
Chart 12
Residential Fixed Connections by Technology as of December 31, 2011

(Shares of selected technologies for selected speeds) ....................................................... 28
Table 9
Residential Connections by Technology and Speed (BTOP/BIP Definition)

as of December 31, 2011 ................................................................................................... 29
U.S. Federal Communications Commission
Internet Access Services: Status as of December 31, 2011 15

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Chart 13
Residential Connections (BTOP/BIP Definition) by Technology

as of December 31, 2011 ................................................................................................... 29
Table 10
Connections by Downstream Speed Tier and Technology as of December 31, 2011 ...... 30
Table 11
Residential Connections by Downstream Speed Tier and Technology

as of December 31, 2011 ................................................................................................... 31

Number of providers

Table 12
Nationwide Number of Providers of Connections over 200 kbps

in at Least One Direction by Technology 2007-2011 ....................................................... 32
Chart 14
Nationwide Number of Providers of Connections over 200 kbps

in at Least One Direction, Selected Technologies 2007-2011 .......................................... 32


U.S. Federal Communications Commission
Internet Access Services: Status as of December 31, 2011 16

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1

Table 1

Connections over 200 kbps in at Least One Direction 2007-2011

(In thousands)


2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
Technology
Dec
Jun
Dec
Jun
Dec
Jun
Dec
Jun
Dec
Total
121,222
132,814
102,239
119,433
136,294
157,017
182,065
206,131
230,376
Total Fixed
70,206
73,123
75,707
77,997
79,994
81,764
84,521
86,575
88,310
Mobile Wireless1
51,016
59,691
26,532
41,436
56,300
75,253
97,544
119,556
142,066

Table 2

Connections at Least 3 Mbps Downstream and 768 kbps Upstream 2008-2011

(In thousands)


2008
2009
2010
2011
Technology
Dec
Jun
Dec
Jun
Dec
Jun
Dec
Total
31,120
33,332
40,669
45,552
55,110
64,819
81,991
Total Fixed
30,987
33,108
38,963
41,364
44,694
48,577
51,073
Mobile Wireless1
133
224
1,706
4,188
10,416
16,242
30,918

Table 3

Residential Connections over 200 kbps in at Least One Direction 2007-2011

(In thousands)


2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
Technology
Dec
Jun
Dec
Jun
Dec
Jun
Dec
Jun
Dec
Total
73,984
79,090
88,190
103,300
117,089
132,567
149,441
171,773
186,704
Total Fixed
64,875
67,554
69,047
71,509
73,394
75,251
76,918
78,906
80,711
Mobile Wireless1
9,109
11,536
19,142
31,791
43,695
57,316
72,523
92,867
105,993

Table 4

Residential Connections at Least 3 Mbps Downstream and 768 kbps Upstream 2008-2011

(In thousands)


2008
2009
2010
2011
Technology
Dec
Jun
Dec
Jun
Dec
Jun
Dec
Total
29,127
31,356
38,426
42,243
47,632
51,783
63,724
Total Fixed
29,013
31,161
36,844
39,037
41,769
45,263
47,415
Mobile Wireless1
114
196
1,582
3,206
5,863
6,520
16,309



1 Reporting instructions for mobile wireless changed between the June 2008 and December 2008 data. See Technical Notes at the end of the report.
Note: Some historical data have been revised. Figures may not sum to totals due to rounding.
Source: FCC Form 477, Parts I and VI.



U.S. Federal Communications Commission
Internet Access Services: Status as of December 31, 2011 17

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2

Chart 1

Distribution of Connections over 200 kbps in at Least One Direction

as of December 31, 2011
< 768 kbps
>= 768 kbps & < 1.5 Mbps
2.4%
8.5%
>= 1.5 Mbps
21.0%
>= 1.5 Mbps
< 768 kbps
0.2%
43.9%
< 768 kbps
3.4%
>= 768 kbps & < 1.5 Mbps
5.9%
>= 1.5 Mbps
0.5%
>= 768 kbps & < 1.5 Mbps
14.2%
Downstream Speed
< 3 Mbps; 58.6%
>= 3 Mbps & < 6 Mbps; 9.5%
>= 6 Mbps; 32.0%
Note: Inner circle (light shading) represents upstream speeds.


Connections over 200 kbps in at Least One Direction (in thousands)


Downstream Speed

At least 3 Mbps
Less than 3
and less than 6
Upstream Speed
Mbps
Mbps
At least 6 Mbps
Total
Less than 768 kbps
101,117
7,928
5,534
114,579
At least 768 kbps & Less than 1.5 Mbps
32,693
13,490
19,626
65,809
At least 1.5 Mbps
1,113
385
48,490
49,988
Total
134,923
21,803
73,650
230,376

Percentages

Less than 768 kbps
43.9
3.4
2.4
49.7
At least 768 kbps & Less than 1.5 Mbps
14.2
5.9
8.5
28.6
At least 1.5 Mbps
0.5
0.2
21.0
21.7
Total
58.6
9.5
32.0
100.0

Note: Figures may not sum to totals due to rounding.
Source: FCC Form 477, Part I.



U.S. Federal Communications Commission
Internet Access Services: Status as of December 31, 2011 18

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3

Chart 2

Distribution of Fixed Connections over 200 kbps in at Least One Direction

as of December 31, 2011
< 768 kbps
6.2%
>= 768 kbps & < 1.5 Mbps
12.0%
< 768 kbps
22.2%
>= 768 kbps & < 1.5 Mbps
4.2%
>= 1.5 Mbps
0.7%
>= 1.5 Mbps
< 768 kbps
38.8%
8.8%
>= 768 kbps & < 1.5 Mbps
6.6%
>= 1.5 Mbps
0.4%
Downstream Speed
< 3 Mbps; 27.1%
>= 3 Mbps & < 6 Mbps; 15.9%
>= 6 Mbps; 57.0%
Note: Inner circle (light shading) represents upstream speeds.


Fixed Connections over 200 kbps in at Least One Direction (in thousands)


Downstream Speed

At least 3 Mbps
Less than 3
and less than 6
Upstream Speed
Mbps
Mbps
At least 6 Mbps
Total
Less than 768 kbps
19,611
7,797
5,507
32,915
At least 768 kbps & Less than 1.5 Mbps
3,746
5,852
10,573
20,171
At least 1.5 Mbps
575
373
34,275
35,223
Total
23,933
14,022
50,355
88,310

Percentages

Less than 768 kbps
22.2
8.8
6.2
37.3
At least 768 kbps & Less than 1.5 Mbps
4.2
6.6
12.0
22.8
At least 1.5 Mbps
0.7
0.4
38.8
39.9
Total
27.1
15.9
57.0
100.0

Note: Figures may not sum to totals due to rounding.
Source: FCC Form 477, Part I.



U.S. Federal Communications Commission
Internet Access Services: Status as of December 31, 2011 19

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4

Chart 3

Distribution of Residential Connections over 200 kbps in at Least One Direction

as of December 31, 2011
>= 768 kbps & < 1.5 Mbps
5.8%
< 768 kbps
>= 1.5 Mbps
2.9%
24.0%
>= 1.5 Mbps
0.1%
< 768 kbps
3.6%
>= 768 kbps & < 1.5 Mbps
< 768 kbps
4.2%
45.4%
>= 1.5 Mbps
0.3%
>= 768 kbps & < 1.5 Mbps
13.7%
Downstream Speed
< 3 Mbps; 59.4%
>= 3 Mbps & < 6 Mbps; 7.9%
>= 6 Mbps; 32.7%
Note: Inner circle (light shading) represents upstream speeds.


Residential Connections over 200 kbps in at Least One Direction (in thousands)


Downstream Speed

At least 3 Mbps
Less than 3
and less than 6
Upstream Speed
Mbps
Mbps
At least 6 Mbps
Total
Less than 768 kbps
84,716
6,765
5,404
96,886
At least 768 kbps & Less than 1.5 Mbps
25,502
7,759
10,849
44,110
At least 1.5 Mbps
592
232
44,885
45,708
Total
110,811
14,756
61,137
186,704

Percentages

Less than 768 kbps
45.4
3.6
2.9
51.9
At least 768 kbps & Less than 1.5 Mbps
13.7
4.2
5.8
23.6
At least 1.5 Mbps
0.3
0.1
24.0
24.5
Total
59.4
7.9
32.7
100.0

Note: Figures may not sum to totals due to rounding.
Source: FCC Form 477, Parts I and VI.



U.S. Federal Communications Commission
Internet Access Services: Status as of December 31, 2011 20

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5

Chart 4

Distribution of Residential Fixed Connections over 200 kbps in at Least One Direction

as of December 31, 2011
< 768 kbps
6.7%
>= 768 kbps & < 1.5 Mbps
4.2%
>= 1.5 Mbps
< 768 kbps
0.1%
22.0%
>= 768 kbps & < 1.5 Mbps
< 768 kbps
12.2%
8.2%
>= 768 kbps & < 1.5 Mbps
6.3%
>= 1.5 Mbps
0.3%
>= 1.5 Mbps
40.0%
Downstream Speed
< 3 Mbps; 26.4%
>= 3 Mbps & < 6 Mbps; 14.8%
>= 6 Mbps; 58.9%
Note: Inner circle (light shading) represents upstream speeds.


Residential Fixed Connections over 200 kbps in at Least One Direction (in thousands)


Downstream Speed

At least 3 Mbps
Less than 3
and less than 6
Upstream Speed
Mbps
Mbps
At least 6 Mbps
Total
Less than 768 kbps
17,776
6,646
5,379
29,801
At least 768 kbps & Less than 1.5 Mbps
3,414
5,056
9,854
18,324
At least 1.5 Mbps
81
221
32,284
32,586
Total
21,271
11,923
47,518
80,711

Percentages

Less than 768 kbps
22.0
8.2
6.7
36.9
At least 768 kbps & Less than 1.5 Mbps
4.2
6.3
12.2
22.7
At least 1.5 Mbps
0.1
0.3
40.0
40.4
Total
26.4
14.8
58.9
100.0

Note: Figures may not sum to totals due to rounding.
Source: FCC Form 477, Part VI.



U.S. Federal Communications Commission
Internet Access Services: Status as of December 31, 2011 21

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6

Chart 5

Distribution of Mobile Wireless Connections over 200 kbps in at Least One Direction

as of December 31, 2011
< 768 kbps
57.4%
>= 768 kbps & < 1.5 Mbps
6.4%
>= 1.5 Mbps
10.0%
>= 768 kbps & < 1.5 Mbps
5.4%
>= 1.5 Mbps
0.4%
>= 768 kbps & < 1.5 Mbps
20.4%
Downstream Speed
< 3 Mbps; 78.1%
>= 3 Mbps & < 6 Mbps; 5.5%
>= 6 Mbps; 16.4%
Note: Inner circle (light shading) represents upstream speeds.


Mobile Wireless Connections over 200 kbps in at Least One Direction (in thousands)


Downstream Speed

At least 3 Mbps
Less than 3
and less than 6
Upstream Speed
Mbps
Mbps
At least 6 Mbps
Total
Less than 768 kbps
81,506
131
27
81,664
At least 768 kbps & Less than 1.5 Mbps
28,947
7,637
9,054
45,638
At least 1.5 Mbps
537
13
14,214
14,765
Total
110,990
7,781
23,295
142,066

Percentages

Less than 768 kbps
57.4
0.1
0.0
57.5
At least 768 kbps & Less than 1.5 Mbps
20.4
5.4
6.4
32.1
At least 1.5 Mbps
0.4
0.0
10.0
10.4
Total
78.1
5.5
16.4
100.0

Note: Figures may not sum to totals due to rounding.
Source: FCC Form 477, Part I.



U.S. Federal Communications Commission
Internet Access Services: Status as of December 31, 2011 22

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7

Table 5

Connections over 200 kbps in at Least One Direction by Technology 2007-2011

(In thousands)


2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
Technology
Dec
Jun
Dec
Jun
Dec
Jun
Dec
Jun
Dec
Total
121,222
132,814
102,239
119,433
136,294
157,017
182,065
206,131
230,376
Total Fixed
70,206
73,123
75,707
77,997
79,994
81,764
84,521
86,575
88,310
aDSL
29,449
29,964
30,198
30,631
30,987
30,759
31,470
31,611
31,338
sDSL
293
275
241
217
225
191
167
159
151
Other Wireline
605
665
705
684
714
750
788
772
792
Cable Modem
36,507
38,190
40,251
41,434
42,439
43,923
45,334
46,698
48,257
FTTP1
1,849
2,346
2,884
3,548
3,980
4,441
4,993
5,477
5,884
Satellite
791
869
938
990
1,116
1,144
1,176
1,204
1,190
Fixed Wireless
707
808
485
488
527
551
587
649
696
Power Line and Other
5
5
5
5
5
6
6
6
3
Mobile Wireless2
51,016
59,691
26,532
41,436
56,300
75,253
97,544
119,556
142,066

1 Fiber to the premises. See Technical Notes at the end of the report for a description of Form 477 technology categories and other reporting requirements.
2 Reporting instructions for mobile wireless changed between the June 2008 and December 2008 data. See Technical Notes at the end of the report.
Note: Some historical data have been revised. Figures may not sum to totals due to rounding.
Source: FCC Form 477, Part I.

Chart 6

Connections by Technology as of December 31, 2011

Cable Modem
20.9%
FTTP
2.6%
aDSL
13.6%
All Other
1.2%
Mobile Wireless
61.7%





U.S. Federal Communications Commission
Internet Access Services: Status as of December 31, 2011 23

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8

Table 6

Residential Connections over 200 kbps in at Least One Direction by Technology 2007-2011

(In thousands)


2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
Technology
Dec
Jun
Dec
Jun
Dec
Jun
Dec
Jun
Dec
Total
73,984
79,090
88,190
103,300
117,089
132,567
149,441
171,773
186,704
Total Fixed
64,875
67,554
69,047
71,509
73,394
75,251
76,918
78,906
80,711
aDSL
26,475
26,950
26,488
27,047
27,402
27,488
27,467
27,754
27,766
sDSL
82
81
74
71
85
65
53
52
58
Other Wireline
17
32
42
44
51
56
70
39
37
Cable Modem
35,341
36,901
38,681
39,909
40,872
42,178
43,295
44,480
45,826
FTTP1
1,683
2,139
2,717
3,348
3,758
4,185
4,704
5,118
5,516
Satellite
626
705
630
668
767
787
811
885
886
Fixed Wireless
644
741
410
417
454
486
513
572
620
Power Line and Other
5
5
5
5
5
6
6
6
3
Mobile Wireless2
9,109
11,536
19,142
31,791
43,695
57,316
72,523
92,867
105,993

1 Fiber to the premises. See Technical Notes at the end of the report for a description of Form 477 technology categories and other reporting requirements.
2 Reporting instructions for mobile wireless changed between the June 2008 and December 2008 data. See Technical Notes at the end of the report.
Note: Some historical data have been revised. Figures may not sum to totals due to rounding.
Source: FCC Form 477, Parts I and VI.

Chart 7

Residential Connections by Technology as of December 31, 2011

Cable Modem
24.5%
FTTP
3.0%
aDSL
14.9%
All Other
0.9%
Mobile Wireless
56.8%





U.S. Federal Communications Commission
Internet Access Services: Status as of December 31, 2011 24

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9

Table 7

Connections at Least 3 Mbps Downstream and 768 kbps Upstream by Technology 2008-2011

(In thousands)


2008
2009
2010
2011
Technology
Dec
Jun
Dec
Jun
Dec
Jun
Dec
Total
31,120
33,332
40,669
45,552
55,110
64,819
81,991
Total Fixed
30,987
33,108
38,963
41,364
44,694
48,577
51,073
aDSL
5,403
5,614
6,389
6,275
7,302
8,909
10,344
sDSL
5
9
19
13
14
16
27
Other Wireline
121
128
149
176
208
202
228
Cable Modem
22,708
23,958
28,583
30,616
32,338
34,113
34,693
FTTP1
2,694
3,333
3,739
4,192
4,725
5,188
5,594
Satellite
#
#
#
#
#
#
#
Fixed Wireless
54
64
82
92
105
145
187
Power Line and Other
1
1
1
1
3
3
#
Mobile Wireless
133
224
1,706
4,188
10,416
16,242
30,918

# = Rounds to Zero.
1 Fiber to the premises. See Technical Notes at the end of the report for a description of Form 477 technology categories and other reporting requirements.
Note: Some historical data have been revised. Figures may not sum to totals due to rounding.
Source: FCC Form 477, Part I.

Chart 8

Connections at Least 3 Mbps Downstream and 768 kbps Upstream

by Technology as of December 31, 2011
FTTP
8.6%
aDSL
16.0%
Cable Modem
53.5%
All Other
0.7%
Mobile Wireless
47.7%





U.S. Federal Communications Commission
Internet Access Services: Status as of December 31, 2011 25

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10

Table 8

Residential Connections at Least 3 Mbps Downstream and 768 kbps Upstream by Technology 2008-2011

(In thousands)


2008
2009
2010
2011
Technology
Dec
Jun
Dec
Jun
Dec
Jun
Dec
Total
29,127
31,356
38,426
42,243
47,632
51,783
63,724
Total Fixed
29,013
31,161
36,844
39,037
41,769
45,263
47,415
aDSL
4,613
4,895
5,633
5,557
6,421
7,909
9,270
sDSL
1
2
10
2
2
4
12
Other Wireline
10
11
18
19
33
13
16
Cable Modem
21,776
23,025
27,548
29,398
30,742
32,321
32,687
FTTP1
2,571
3,177
3,566
3,982
4,482
4,894
5,268
Satellite
0
0
0
0
0
0
#
Fixed Wireless
42
50
68
77
86
121
162
Power Line and Other
1
1
1
1
3
3
0
Mobile Wireless
114
196
1,582
3,206
5,863
6,520
16,309

1 Fiber to the premises. See Technical Notes at the end of the report for a description of Form 477 technology categories and other reporting requirements.
Note: Some historical data have been revised. Figures may not sum to totals due to rounding.
Source: FCC Form 477, Parts I and VI.

Chart 9

Residential Connections at Least 3 Mbps Downstream and 768 kbps Upstream

by Technology as of December 31, 2011
FTTP
8.3%
aDSL
14.5%
Cable Modem
51.3%
All Other
0.3%
Mobile Wireless
25.6%





U.S. Federal Communications Commission
Internet Access Services: Status as of December 31, 2011 26

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11

Chart 10

Residential Fixed Connections over 200 kbps in at Least One Direction 2006-2011

(Shares of selected technologies)
100
41.2
40.8
39.9
38.4
37.8
37.3
36.5
35.7
35.2
34.4
90
t
i
ons
80
c
nne
o
70
d C
6.8
6.1
6.5
e
5.6
3.9
4.7
5.1
i
x
60
3.2
l
F
a
56.0
55.8
55.7
56.0
56.3
56.4
56.8
55.0
54.5
54.6
nti
e
50
i
d
s
e
R
40
of
ge
ta
30
n
e
r
c
e
20

P

10
0
Jun
Dec
Jun
Dec
Jun
Dec
Jun
Dec
Jun
Dec
2007
2007
2008
2008
2009
2009
2010
2010
2011
2011
aDSL
Cable Modem
FTTP
Al Other Fixed

Chart 11

Residential Fixed Connections over 200 kbps in at Least One Direction 2007-2011

(Net adds for selected technologies)
4000
3340
nds
a 3000
2531
2422
hous
2191
n T
i 2000
ons
ti
c
e
1035
914
945
1000
813
onn
1041

C

300
12
65
0
Dec 2007 to
Dec 2008 to
Dec 2009 to
Dec 2010 to
Dec 2008
Dec 2009
Dec 2010
Dec 2011
aDSL
Cable Modem
FTTP




U.S. Federal Communications Commission
Internet Access Services: Status as of December 31, 2011 27

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12

Chart 12

Residential Fixed Connections by Technology as of December 31, 2011

(Shares of selected technologies for selected speeds, connections in thousands)
Connections
80,711
76,803
59,375
47,415
32,284
31,609
100
2.0
15.5
15.7
7.2
9.0
11.1
6.8
58.9
56.8
90
66.6
68.9
83.9
83.8
80
ds
70
ol
h
e
s
u
o
60
f
H

o
ge
ta
n
50
e
r
c
e
d P
40
te
a
m
34.4
ti
33.0
s
E
30
24.0
20
19.6
10
0
Ov er 200 kbps in at
At least 768 kbps
At least 3 Mbps
At least 3 Mbps
At least 6 Mbps
At least 10 Mbps
least one direction
downstream and ov er
downstream and ov er
downstream and at least
downstream and at least
downstream and at least
200 kbps upstream
200 kbps upstream
768 kbps upstream
1.5 Mbps upstream
1.5 Mbps upstream
aDSL
Cable Modem
FTTP
Al Other Fixed






U.S. Federal Communications Commission
Internet Access Services: Status as of December 31, 2011 28

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13

Table 9

Residential Connections by Technology and Speed (BTOP/BIP Definition)

as of December 31, 2011
(In thousands)

At Most
Over
200 kbps
200 kbps
Upstream or
Upstream and
less than
at least
768 kbps
768 kbps
Technology
Downstream
Downstream
Total
aDSL
2,399
25,367
27,766
sDSL
21
37
58
Other Wireline
3
34
37
Cable Modem
623
45,203
45,826
FTTP
15
5,501
5,516
Satellite
746
140
886
Fixed Wireless
102
518
620
Mobile Wireless
36,137
69,856
105,993
Power Line and Other
0
3
3
Total
40,045
146,659
186,704

# = Rounds to Zero.
Note: Figures may not sum to totals due to rounding.
Source: FCC Form 477, Parts I and VI.

Chart 13

Residential Connections (BTOP/BIP Definition) by Technology

as of December 31, 2011
FTTP
3.8%
Cable Modem
30.8%
aDSL
17.3%
All Other
0.5%
Mobile Wireless
47.6%
Note: The BTOP/BIP def inition is adv ertised speeds of at least 768 kbps downstream and 200 kbps upstream to end users.
Source: FCC Form 477, Parts I and VI.





U.S. Federal Communications Commission
Internet Access Services: Status as of December 31, 2011 29

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14

Table 10

Connections by Downstream Speed Tier and Technology as of December 31, 2011

(In thousands)


Downstream Speed

Greater than
200
At least 768
At least 1.5
At least 3
At least 6
At least 10
At least 25
kbps and less
kbps
Mbps
Mbps
Mbps
Mbps
Mbps
than
and less than
and less than
and less than
and less than and less than
and less than
At least 100
Technology
768 kbps
1.5 Mbps
3 Mbps
6 Mbps
10 Mbps
25 Mbps
100 Mbps
Mbps
Total
aDSL
1,926
5,034
8,069
10,288
4,221
1,716
84
#
31,338
sDSL
48
47
30
*
*
11
#
#
151
Other Wireline
51
65
447
106
23
38
38
24
792
Cable Modem
150
1,265
4,935
3,220
5,383
27,751
5,516
36
48,257
FTTP
18
65
118
220
149
4,336
932
47
5,884
Satellite
393
552
*
*
0
0
0
0
1,190
Fixed Wireless
93
178
209
169
32
13
1
1
696
Mobile Wireless
41,082
6,846
63,062
7,781
*
*
0
0
142,066
Power Line and Other
0
0
*
0
0
*
0
0
3
Total
43,761
14,053
77,110
21,803
29,517
37,452
6,573
108
230,376

Percentages

aDSL
0.8
2.2
3.5
4.5
1.8
0.7
0.0
0.0
13.6
sDSL
0.0
0.0
0.0
*
*
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.1
Other Wireline
0.0
0.0
0.2
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.3
Cable Modem
0.1
0.5
2.1
1.4
2.3
12.0
2.4
0.0
20.9
FTTP
0.0
0.0
0.1
0.1
0.1
1.9
0.4
0.0
2.6
Satellite
0.2
0.2
*
*
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.5
Fixed Wireless
0.0
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.3
Mobile Wireless
17.8
3.0
27.4
3.4
*
*
0.0
0.0
61.7
Power Line and Other
0.0
0.0
*
0.0
0.0
*
0.0
0.0
0.0
Total
19.0
6.1
33.5
9.5
12.8
16.3
2.9
0.0
100.0



# = Rounds to Zero.


* = Data withheld to maintain firm confidentiality.


Note: Figures may not sum to totals due to rounding.


Source: FCC Form 477, Part I.



U.S. Federal Communications Commission
Internet Access Services: Status as of December 31, 2011 30

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15

Table 11

Residential Connections by Downstream Speed Tier and Technology as of December 31, 2011

(In thousands)


Downstream Speed

Greater than
200
At least 768
At least 1.5
At least 3
At least 6
At least 10
At least 25
kbps and less
kbps
Mbps
Mbps
Mbps
Mbps
Mbps
than
and less than
and less than
and less than
and less than and less than
and less than
At least 100
Technology
768 kbps
1.5 Mbps
3 Mbps
6 Mbps
10 Mbps
25 Mbps
100 Mbps
Mbps
Total
aDSL
1,789
4,637
7,067
8,729
3,892
1,574
79
#
27,766
sDSL
21
20
4
*
*
9
#
0
58
Other Wireline
3
6
12
13
1
#
#
1
37
Cable Modem
132
1,237
4,858
2,834
5,052
26,365
5,324
24
45,826
FTTP
14
56
96
194
137
4,140
868
12
5,516
Satellite
259
518
*
*
0
0
0
0
886
Fixed Wireless
85
160
186
151
28
10
#
#
620
Mobile Wireless
32,565
6,216
50,759
2,833
*
*
0
0
105,993
Power Line and Other
0
0
*
0
0
*
0
0
3
Total
34,868
12,849
63,093
14,756
19,317
35,511
6,272
37
186,704

Percentages

aDSL
1.0
2.5
3.8
4.7
2.1
0.8
0.0
0.0
14.9
sDSL
0.0
0.0
0.0
*
*
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
Other Wireline
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
Cable Modem
0.1
0.7
2.6
1.5
2.7
14.1
2.9
0.0
24.5
FTTP
0.0
0.0
0.1
0.1
0.1
2.2
0.5
0.0
3.0
Satellite
0.1
0.3
*
*
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.5
Fixed Wireless
0.0
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.3
Mobile Wireless
17.4
3.3
27.2
1.5
*
*
0.0
0.0
56.8
Power Line and Other
0.0
0.0
*
0.0
0.0
*
0.0
0.0
0.0
Total
18.7
6.9
33.8
7.9
10.3
19.0
3.4
0.0
100.0



# = Rounds to Zero.


* = Data withheld to maintain firm confidentiality.


Note: Figures may not sum to totals due to rounding.


Source: FCC Form 477, Part I.



U.S. Federal Communications Commission
Internet Access Services: Status as of December 31, 2011 31

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16

Table 12

Nationwide Number of Providers of Connections over 200 kbps in at Least One Direction

by Technology 2007-2011


2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
Technology
Dec
Jun
Dec
Jun
Dec
Jun
Dec
Jun
Dec
aDSL
856
863
881
876
862
875
865
867
869
sDSL
233
238
264
257
261
251
247
252
256
Other Wireline
250
259
292
283
274
267
270
265
274
Cable Modem
292
296
342
351
345
345
357
400
404
FTTP
276
308
432
462
485
510
545
579
618
Satellite
5
4
5
4
4
4
4
5
6
Fixed Wireless
514
505
620
621
607
625
646
672
712
Mobile Wireless
22
24
47
48
51
55
57
64
69
Power Line and Other
7
6
5
6
6
5
7
4
5
Total
1,399
1,395
1,562
1,551
1,526
1,536
1,566
1,624
1,681

Note: Some historical data have been revised. Multiple Form 477 filers within a holding company structure count as one provider.
Source: FCC Form 477, Part I.

Chart 14

Nationwide Number of Providers of Connections over 200 kbps in at Least One Direction

Selected Technologies 2007-2011

900
800
700
r
s 600
i
de
r
ov 500
P
r
of
400
be
m
u
N 300
200
100
0
Dec
Jun
Dec
Jun
Dec
Jun
Dec
Jun
Dec
2007
2008
2008
2009
2009
2010
2010
2011
2011
aDSL
Cable Modem
FTTP
Mobile Wireless





U.S. Federal Communications Commission
Internet Access Services: Status as of December 31, 2011 32

---

Detailed Summary Statistics: The States

Contents of this section

Residential subscribership rates

Table 13
Residential Fixed Connections (Approximating the National Broadband

Availability Target) and Households by State as of December 31, 2011

(Connections with advertised speeds at least 3 mbps down and 768 kbps up) ................. 34
Table 14
Residential Fixed Connections and Households by State as of December 31, 2011

(Connections over 200 kbps in at least one direction)....................................................... 35

End users of connections

Table 15
Connections by Type of End User by State as of December 31, 2011

(Connections over 200 kbps in at least one direction)....................................................... 36

Connections by speed and technology

Table 16
Connections by Technology by State as of December 31, 2011

(Connections over 200 kbps in at least one direction)....................................................... 37
Table 17
Connections by Technology by State as of December 31, 2011

(Connections at least 3 mbps downstream and 768 kbps upstream) ................................. 39
Table 18
Percentage of Connections by Download Speed by State as of December 31, 2011

(Connections over 200 kbps in at least one direction)....................................................... 41

Connections for selected technologies

Table 19
ADSL Connections by State 2007-2011

(Connections over 200 kbps in at least one direction)....................................................... 43
Table 20
Cable Modem Connections by State 2007-2011

(Connections over 200 kbps in at least one direction)....................................................... 45

Number of providers

Table 21
Providers of Connections by Technology by State as of December 31, 2011

(Connections over 200 kbps in at least one direction)....................................................... 47

Reported availability for selected technologies

Table 22
Percentage of Residential End-User Premises with Access to Services over 200 kbps

in at Least One Direction by State as of December 31, 2011: xDSL Availability

Where ILECs Offer Local Telephone Service and Cable Modem Availability

Where Cable Systems Offer Cable TV Service................................................................. 49


U.S. Federal Communications Commission
Internet Access Services: Status as of December 31, 2011 33

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17

Table 13

Residential Fixed Connections (Approximating the National Broadband Availability Target)

and Households by State as of December 31, 2011
(Connections with advertised speeds at least 3 Mbps down and 768 up and households, in thousands)

Subscribership
State
Connections
Households
Ratio
Alabama
500
1,902
0.26
Alaska
*
260
*
American Samoa
0
11
0.00
Arizona
1,095
2,440
0.45
Arkansas
248
1,159
0.21
California
4,903
12,712
0.39
Colorado
1,123
2,005
0.56
Connecticut
728
1,372
0.53
Delaware
230
347
0.66
District of Columbia
167
268
0.62
Florida
3,436
7,463
0.46
Georgia
1,369
3,648
0.38
Guam
*
51
*
Hawaii
*
456
*
Idaho
137
593
0.23
Illinois
1,876
4,861
0.39
Indiana
919
2,516
0.37
Iowa
278
1,231
0.23
Kansas
316
1,121
0.28
Kentucky
614
1,732
0.35
Louisiana
503
1,756
0.29
Maine
131
556
0.24
Maryland
1,450
2,156
0.67
Massachusetts
1,825
2,549
0.72
Michigan
1,521
3,848
0.40
Minnesota
889
2,097
0.42
Mississippi
177
1,120
0.16
Missouri
599
2,390
0.25
Montana
141
415
0.34
Nebraska
322
727
0.44
Nevada
395
1,027
0.38
New Hampshire
287
519
0.55
New Jersey
2,351
3,215
0.73
New Mexico
270
806
0.33
New York
3,610
7,345
0.49
North Carolina
532
3,818
0.14
North Dakota
108
283
0.38
Northern Mariana Isl
*
21
*
Ohio
920
4,597
0.20
Oklahoma
381
1,476
0.26
Oregon
772
1,539
0.50
Pennsylvania
2,686
5,025
0.53
Puerto Rico
*
1,230
*
Rhode Island
*
410
*
South Carolina
388
1,831
0.21
South Dakota
133
326
0.41
Tennessee
863
2,522
0.34
Texas
2,670
9,113
0.29
Utah
453
903
0.50
Vermont
145
256
0.56
Virgin Islands
0
56
0.00
Virginia
1,780
3,079
0.58
Washington
1,450
2,657
0.55
West Virginia
218
766
0.28
Wisconsin
600
2,289
0.26
Wyoming
95
231
0.41
Total
47,415
119,103
0.40

# = Rounds to Zero; * = Data withheld to maintain firm confidentiality.
Note: Figures may not sum to totals due to rounding.
Sources: FCC Form 477, Part VI (Connections); Geolytics 2011 Block-Level Estimates (Households for U.S. and District of Columbia);
Census 2010 (Housing Units for Puerto Rico, American Samoa, Guam, Northern Mariana Islands and U.S. Virgin Islands).

U.S. Federal Communications Commission
Internet Access Services: Status as of December 31, 2011 34

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18

Table 14

Residential Fixed Connections and Households by State as of December 31, 2011

(Connections over 200 kbps in at least one direction and households, in thousands)

Subscribership
State
Connections
Households
Ratio
Alabama
1,072
1,902
0.56
Alaska
177
260
0.68
American Samoa
*
11
*
Arizona
1,698
2,440
0.70
Arkansas
615
1,159
0.53
California
9,464
12,712
0.74
Colorado
1,489
2,005
0.74
Connecticut
1,063
1,372
0.77
Delaware
262
347
0.76
District of Columbia
188
268
0.70
Florida
5,528
7,463
0.74
Georgia
2,333
3,648
0.64
Guam
*
51
*
Hawaii
*
456
*
Idaho
359
593
0.61
Illinois
3,230
4,861
0.66
Indiana
1,574
2,516
0.63
Iowa
794
1,231
0.65
Kansas
746
1,121
0.67
Kentucky
1,059
1,732
0.61
Louisiana
1,023
1,756
0.58
Maine
398
556
0.71
Maryland
1,618
2,156
0.75
Massachusetts
2,016
2,549
0.79
Michigan
2,458
3,848
0.64
Minnesota
1,420
2,097
0.68
Mississippi
543
1,120
0.48
Missouri
1,436
2,390
0.60
Montana
260
415
0.63
Nebraska
490
727
0.67
Nevada
666
1,027
0.65
New Hampshire
410
519
0.79
New Jersey
2,564
3,215
0.80
New Mexico
462
806
0.57
New York
5,366
7,345
0.73
North Carolina
2,560
3,818
0.67
North Dakota
192
283
0.68
Northern Mariana Isl
*
21
*
Ohio
3,082
4,597
0.67
Oklahoma
842
1,476
0.57
Oregon
1,043
1,539
0.68
Pennsylvania
3,529
5,025
0.70
Puerto Rico
513
1,230
0.42
Rhode Island
304
410
0.74
South Carolina
1,116
1,831
0.61
South Dakota
214
326
0.66
Tennessee
1,429
2,522
0.57
Texas
5,758
9,113
0.63
Utah
640
903
0.71
Vermont
191
256
0.75
Virgin Islands
22
56
0.39
Virginia
2,111
3,079
0.69
Washington
1,880
2,657
0.71
West Virginia
438
766
0.57
Wisconsin
1,510
2,289
0.66
Wyoming
147
231
0.63
Total
80,711
119,103
0.68

# = Rounds to Zero; * = Data withheld to maintain firm confidentiality.
Note: Figures may not sum to totals due to rounding.
Sources: FCC Form 477, Part VI (Connections); Geolytics 2011 Block-Level Estimates (Households for U.S. and District of Columbia);
Census 2010 (Housing Units for Puerto Rico, American Samoa, Guam, Northern Mariana Islands and U.S. Virgin Islands).


U.S. Federal Communications Commission
Internet Access Services: Status as of December 31, 2011 35

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19

Table 15

Connections by Type of End User by State as of December 31, 2011

(Connections over 200 kbps in at least one direction, in thousands)


Connections
Percentages

State
Residential
Business
Residential
Business
Total
Alabama
2,652
365
87.9
12.1
3,018
Alaska
467
72
86.6
13.4
539
American Samoa
*
*
*
*
*
Arizona
3,787
659
85.2
14.8
4,446
Arkansas
1,657
238
87.4
12.6
1,895
California
23,152
5,586
80.6
19.4
28,738
Colorado
3,379
785
81.2
18.8
4,164
Connecticut
2,379
511
82.3
17.7
2,890
Delaware
580
126
82.2
17.8
706
District of Columbia
561
618
47.6
52.4
1,179
Florida
11,309
2,983
79.1
20.9
14,292
Georgia
5,642
1,363
80.5
19.5
7,005
Guam
74
16
82.6
17.4
90
Hawaii
949
162
85.4
14.6
1,111
Idaho
841
182
82.2
17.8
1,023
Illinois
7,810
1,969
79.9
20.1
9,779
Indiana
3,533
622
85.0
15.0
4,154
Iowa
1,513
290
83.9
16.1
1,803
Kansas
1,606
606
72.6
27.4
2,212
Kentucky
2,373
467
83.6
16.4
2,840
Louisiana
2,841
468
85.9
14.1
3,309
Maine
709
102
87.4
12.6
811
Maryland
3,906
831
82.5
17.5
4,737
Massachusetts
4,332
933
82.3
17.7
5,266
Michigan
5,042
1,663
75.2
24.8
6,705
Minnesota
3,076
840
78.6
21.4
3,916
Mississippi
1,654
194
89.5
10.5
1,848
Missouri
3,334
903
78.7
21.3
4,237
Montana
583
83
87.5
12.5
666
Nebraska
991
233
81.0
19.0
1,225
Nevada
1,745
370
82.5
17.5
2,115
New Hampshire
796
139
85.1
14.9
936
New Jersey
5,937
1,264
82.4
17.6
7,202
New Mexico
1,111
178
86.2
13.8
1,289
New York
12,307
2,910
80.9
19.1
15,217
North Carolina
5,336
1,278
80.7
19.3
6,614
North Dakota
441
76
85.4
14.6
517
Northern Mariana Isl
*
*
*
*
*
Ohio
6,756
1,482
82.0
18.0
8,239
Oklahoma
2,195
362
85.8
14.2
2,557
Oregon
2,359
490
82.8
17.2
2,849
Pennsylvania
7,698
1,515
83.6
16.4
9,213
Puerto Rico
1,459
177
89.2
10.8
1,636
Rhode Island
638
140
82.1
17.9
778
South Carolina
2,407
423
85.0
15.0
2,830
South Dakota
488
65
88.3
11.7
553
Tennessee
3,549
794
81.7
18.3
4,343
Texas
15,516
4,412
77.9
22.1
19,928
Utah
1,511
397
79.2
20.8
1,907
Vermont
355
62
85.1
14.9
417
Virgin Islands
66
9
88.5
11.5
75
Virginia
4,930
1,261
79.6
20.4
6,190
Washington
4,257
1,092
79.6
20.4
5,349
West Virginia
897
149
85.7
14.3
1,046
Wisconsin
2,865
703
80.3
19.7
3,568
Wyoming
343
53
86.5
13.5
396
Total
186,704
43,672
81.0
19.0
230,376

# = Rounds to Zero.
* = Data withheld to maintain firm confidentiality.
Figures may not sum to totals due to rounding.
Source: FCC Form 477, Part I and VI.


U.S. Federal Communications Commission
Internet Access Services: Status as of December 31, 2011 36

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20

Table 16

Connections by Technology by State as of December 31, 2011

(Connections over 200 kbps in at least one direction, in thousands)

Other
Cable
Fixed
Mobile
Power Line
State
ADSL
SDSL
Wireline
Modem
Fiber
Satellite
Wireless
Wireless
and Other
Total
Alabama
538
5
*
576
8
*
7
1,839
0
3,018
Alaska
77
3
1
*
1
*
5
334
0
539
American Samoa
*
*
0
*
*
0
*
0
0
*
Arizona
590
1
*
1,169
5
*
27
2,618
0
4,446
Arkansas
343
#
*
301
5
*
2
1,214
0
1,895
California
4,417
13
*
5,034
667
*
31
18,369
0
28,738
Colorado
*
1
23
848
6
*
46
2,533
0
4,164
Connecticut
*
1
6
723
4
*
*
1,732
0
2,890
Delaware
*
#
4
*
*
*
0
424
0
706
District of Columbia
*
1
6
*
11
*
*
963
0
1,179
Florida
1,998
1
*
3,549
379
*
7
8,267
0
14,292
Georgia
1,282
1
*
1,190
27
*
3
4,435
0
7,005
Guam
*
*
*
*
0
0
*
*
0
90
Hawaii
*
*
1
*
2
*
*
720
0
1,111
Idaho
191
#
*
158
3
*
30
628
0
1,023
Illinois
1,549
7
*
1,857
15
*
44
6,231
0
9,779
Indiana
765
2
*
801
69
*
33
2,446
0
4,154
Iowa
389
2
*
397
35
*
25
933
0
1,803
Kansas
275
2
*
456
40
*
27
1,392
0
2,212
Kentucky
501
4
*
597
15
*
8
1,685
0
2,840
Louisiana
437
2
*
612
37
*
4
2,177
0
3,309
Maine
136
4
*
282
4
*
3
373
0
811
Maryland
*
2
17
826
*
*
1
2,992
0
4,737
Massachusetts
*
2
19
1,415
*
*
2
3,084
0
5,266
Michigan
906
6
*
1,643
8
*
29
4,036
0
6,705
Minnesota
621
22
*
820
35
*
18
2,367
0
3,916
Mississippi
299
1
*
263
2
*
#
1,245
0
1,848
Missouri
870
1
15
623
11
*
14
2,656
*
4,237
Montana
122
1
2
*
5
*
16
*
0
666
Nebraska
175
1
*
324
8
*
19
686
0
1,225





U.S. Federal Communications Commission
Internet Access Services: Status as of December 31, 2011 37

---

21

Table 16 - Continued

Connections by Technology by State as of December 31, 2011

(Connections over 200 kbps in at least one direction, in thousands)

Power
Other
Cable
Fixed
Mobile
Line
State
ADSL
SDSL
Wireline
Modem
Fiber
Satellite
Wireless
Wireless
and Other
Total
Nevada
250
#
7
*
3
*
4
1,388
0
2,115
New Hampshire
88
1
*
342
12
*
#
482
0
936
New Jersey
415
1
28
1,775
*
*
#
4,379
0
7,202
New Mexico
278
#
*
193
3
*
16
782
0
1,289
New York
871
8
47
4,116
*
*
2
9,301
0
15,217
North Carolina
1,050
1
*
1,653
26
*
2
3,830
0
6,614
North Dakota
71
1
*
108
28
*
6
298
0
517
Northern Mariana Isl
*
0
*
*
0
0
*
*
0
*
Ohio
1,184
5
18
2,025
40
*
26
4,908
*
8,239
Oklahoma
387
#
*
487
12
*
14
1,620
0
2,557
Oregon
364
3
*
662
75
*
14
1,705
0
2,849
Pennsylvania
1,101
5
26
2,135
*
*
1
5,389
0
9,213
Puerto Rico
*
*
5
*
*
*
*
1,078
0
1,636
Rhode Island
*
#
1
*
*
*
*
447
0
778
South Carolina
471
*
12
691
30
*
1
1,607
0
2,830
South Dakota
63
*
#
138
20
*
12
*
*
553
Tennessee
593
4
*
853
67
*
4
2,766
0
4,343
Texas
2,952
7
72
2,686
406
*
75
13,613
*
19,928
Utah
310
2
*
310
21
*
45
1,209
0
1,907
Vermont
94
#
*
106
4
*
1
201
0
417
Virgin Islands
*
0
*
*
0
*
*
*
0
75
Virginia
485
1
33
1,154
*
*
4
3,896
0
6,190
Washington
591
3
*
1,329
69
*
11
3,297
0
5,349
West Virginia
*
*
2
285
2
*
2
567
0
1,046
Wisconsin
657
16
*
897
17
*
27
1,920
0
3,568
Wyoming
62
2
*
85
2
*
10
228
0
396
Total
31,338
151
792
48,257
5,884
1,190
696
142,066
3
230,376

# = Rounds to Zero.
* = Data withheld to maintain firm confidentiality.
Figures may not sum to totals due to rounding.
Source: FCC Form 477, Part I.



U.S. Federal Communications Commission
Internet Access Services: Status as of December 31, 2011 38

---

22

Table 17

Connections by Technology by State as of December 31, 2011

(Connections at least 3 Mbps downstream and 768 kbps upstream, in thousands)

Other
Cable
Fixed
Mobile
Power Line
State
ADSL
SDSL
Wireline
Modem
Fiber
Satellite
Wireless
Wireless
and Other
Total
Alabama
103
#
3
422
5
*
1
*
0
752
Alaska
*
*
*
*
1
*
*
*
0
92
American Samoa
0
*
0
0
*
0
*
0
0
*
Arizona
*
*
4
835
4
*
4
*
0
1,548
Arkansas
81
*
2
181
4
*
*
*
0
314
California
1,276
1
23
3,253
649
*
9
*
0
9,183
Colorado
*
*
7
801
3
*
23
579
0
1,783
Connecticut
*
*
2
683
4
0
*
*
0
1,094
Delaware
*
0
1
*
*
0
0
*
0
327
District of Columbia
*
*
3
*
11
0
*
*
0
601
Florida
585
#
17
2,701
*
*
2
2,424
0
6,093
Georgia
372
#
7
1,051
19
*
1
*
0
2,532
Guam
*
*
*
*
0
0
*
0
0
8
Hawaii
*
*
#
*
2
*
0
*
0
562
Idaho
94
*
1
57
2
*
4
*
0
296
Illinois
371
2
*
1,610
12
*
15
1,702
0
3,723
Indiana
275
*
*
644
60
0
6
381
0
1,369
Iowa
161
#
1
125
19
*
6
*
0
379
Kansas
64
#
*
243
26
*
1
465
0
801
Kentucky
193
*
1
446
8
*
3
298
0
948
Louisiana
54
1
2
442
26
*
*
*
0
640
Maine
77
1
#
74
4
*
*
*
0
159
Maryland
*
*
5
779
*
*
#
*
0
2,210
Massachusetts
*
#
8
1,348
*
*
1
617
0
2,579
Michigan
195
1
4
1,384
7
*
2
*
0
2,777
Minnesota
217
11
*
700
22
*
2
698
0
1,653
Mississippi
31
*
1
160
1
*
0
*
0
228
Missouri
222
#
6
405
5
*
1
*
*
1,236
Montana
30
*
#
*
4
*
1
0
0
156
Nebraska
87
*
1
250
3
*
1
*
0
390





U.S. Federal Communications Commission
Internet Access Services: Status as of December 31, 2011 39

---

23

Table 17 - Continued

Connections by Technology by State as of December 31, 2011

(Connections at least 3 Mbps downstream and 768 kbps upstream, in thousands)

Other
Cable
Fixed
Mobile
Power Line
State
ADSL
SDSL
Wireline
Modem
Fiber
Satellite
Wireless
Wireless
and Other
Total
Nevada
70
*
1
*
2
*
3
363
0
778
New Hampshire
47
#
*
257
12
0
0
*
0
374
New Jersey
240
*
10
1,726
*
*
#
*
0
3,304
New Mexico
120
#
2
166
2
*
1
*
0
415
New York
448
1
20
2,725
*
*
1
*
0
6,210
North Carolina
274
#
*
294
20
*
#
882
0
1,478
North Dakota
23
*
#
84
13
0
2
*
0
143
Northern Mariana Isl
*
0
*
0
0
0
*
0
0
*
Ohio
471
#
*
532
37
*
3
1,236
0
2,282
Oklahoma
80
*
1
314
7
*
4
191
0
598
Oregon
136
#
1
621
71
*
5
*
0
1,205
Pennsylvania
550
*
8
1,812
*
*
#
*
0
3,980
Puerto Rico
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
0
242
Rhode Island
*
*
#
*
*
0
*
*
0
435
South Carolina
108
*
4
294
19
*
#
*
0
713
South Dakota
13
0
#
123
11
*
1
*
0
168
Tennessee
101
#
5
767
50
*
#
*
0
1,445
Texas
891
#
18
1,553
365
*
39
3,432
*
6,298
Utah
146
*
2
284
20
*
33
*
0
868
Vermont
60
*
#
96
4
0
*
0
0
161
Virgin Islands
0
0
*
0
0
0
*
0
0
*
Virginia
257
#
14
1,067
*
*
2
*
0
2,738
Washington
238
*
6
1,247
63
*
3
*
0
2,313
West Virginia
3
0
#
228
1
*
#
*
0
246
Wisconsin
160
2
3
472
11
*
4
*
0
1,059
Wyoming
20
*
*
*
1
*
1
0
0
106
Total
10,344
27
228
34,693
5,594
#
187
30,918
#
81,991

# = Rounds to Zero.
* = Data withheld to maintain firm confidentiality.
Figures may not sum to totals due to rounding.
Source: FCC Form 477, Part I.



U.S. Federal Communications Commission
Internet Access Services: Status as of December 31, 2011 40

---

24

Table 18

Percentage of Connections by Downstream Speed by State as of December 31, 2011

(Connections over 200 kbps in at least one direction)


Over 200 kbps Upstream and
% over 200 kbps
% at least 768 kbps
% at least 3 Mbps
% at least 6 Mbps
% at least 10 Mbps
State
Downstream
Downstream
Downstream
Downstream
Downstream
Alabama
92.9
75.0
34.3
26.9
15.4
Alaska
93.8
89.2
23.9
17.6
10.5
American Samoa
*
*
*
*
*
Arizona
93.7
73.6
42.0
34.4
23.7
Arkansas
94.5
80.5
23.4
15.8
11.2
California
93.0
78.1
35.2
25.8
15.2
Colorado
94.5
77.6
43.8
38.3
23.8
Connecticut
94.4
76.1
40.9
33.5
23.2
Delaware
93.0
73.0
48.2
41.9
32.9
District of Columbia
92.9
73.8
51.1
45.4
14.1
Florida
94.5
85.0
50.6
40.2
24.6
Georgia
92.9
77.2
43.1
30.6
18.1
Guam
*
*
*
*
*
Hawaii
96.7
84.7
51.6
40.8
20.5
Idaho
91.2
68.4
40.4
22.9
9.5
Illinois
94.7
81.6
42.3
33.0
20.4
Indiana
93.2
75.8
38.3
29.2
17.5
Iowa
93.4
73.8
38.3
27.4
18.5
Kansas
92.2
78.5
46.5
34.0
12.1
Kentucky
93.0
83.6
41.4
26.5
16.6
Louisiana
92.5
82.8
27.1
18.9
13.7
Maine
92.0
77.5
41.5
32.7
9.1
Maryland
92.6
74.6
47.1
38.7
30.2
Massachusetts
93.5
74.8
49.2
42.6
34.3
Michigan
92.3
75.4
45.6
35.4
20.8
Minnesota
93.6
76.8
47.6
39.2
23.8
Mississippi
94.7
65.2
22.3
12.8
8.5
Missouri
93.9
84.4
36.9
25.4
11.8
Montana
86.6
53.7
26.0
21.1
2.7
Nebraska
89.0
62.8
38.1
26.7
19.8





U.S. Federal Communications Commission
Internet Access Services: Status as of December 31, 2011 41

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25

Table 18 - Continued

Percentage of Connections by Downstream Speed by State as of December 31, 2011

(Connections over 200 kbps in at least one direction)


Over 200 kbps Upstream and
% over 200 kbps
% at least 768 kbps
% at least 3 Mbps
% at least 6 Mbps
% at least 10 Mbps
State
Downstream
Downstream
Downstream
Downstream
Downstream
Nevada
95.3
84.1
44.6
32.0
19.8
New Hampshire
91.4
67.4
47.4
39.8
31.5
New Jersey
92.6
72.1
46.1
40.3
32.3
New Mexico
92.2
71.1
35.0
30.0
13.0
New York
92.8
75.5
44.3
35.8
24.2
North Carolina
91.3
72.4
47.0
35.3
9.2
North Dakota
91.5
66.1
36.0
26.8
20.0
Northern Mariana Isl
*
*
*
*
*
Ohio
89.2
68.2
43.0
32.5
11.0
Oklahoma
95.2
89.4
31.5
19.1
14.5
Oregon
94.8
79.8
44.5
37.6
26.1
Pennsylvania
92.9
75.4
46.1
35.7
25.5
Puerto Rico
90.1
83.6
23.5
13.7
9.0
Rhode Island
94.1
78.0
56.1
47.4
38.6
South Carolina
91.1
70.1
42.9
32.2
15.1
South Dakota
91.0
68.6
35.6
33.2
25.5
Tennessee
92.2
71.7
38.9
30.6
18.6
Texas
94.9
85.1
35.4
24.2
9.4
Utah
95.4
79.8
48.4
40.3
26.4
Vermont
91.2
72.9
39.5
29.1
15.8
Virgin Islands
94.5
78.5
*
*
*
Virginia
92.2
72.1
45.3
35.6
24.9
Washington
94.6
79.5
45.3
38.8
27.0
West Virginia
94.5
87.7
38.9
36.5
18.7
Wisconsin
94.3
81.4
42.6
32.6
16.3
Wyoming
91.5
56.9
28.6
23.4
3.6
Total
93.2
77.6
41.4
32.0
19.2

* = Data withheld to maintain firm confidentiality.
Source: FCC Form 477, Part I.



U.S. Federal Communications Commission
Internet Access Services: Status as of December 31, 2011 42

---

26

Table 19

ADSL Connections by State 2007-2011

(Connections over 200 kbps in at least one direction, in thousands)


2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
State
Dec
Jun
Dec
Jun
Dec
Jun
Dec
Jun
Dec
Alabama
403
431
457
473
496
498
523
536
538
Alaska
68
72
75
77
77
77
78
79
77
American Samoa
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
Arizona
437
454
466
487
518
527
552
557
590
Arkansas
249
267
273
298
308
314
330
337
343
California
4,780
4,755
4,617
4,587
4,568
4,456
4,538
4,471
4,417
Colorado
573
575
624
641
651
658
663
*
*
Connecticut
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
Delaware
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
District of Columbia
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
Florida
2,046
2,045
2,005
1,962
1,988
2,006
2,070
2,104
1,998
Georgia
1,307
1,361
1,240
1,251
1,256
1,129
1,413
1,435
1,282
Guam
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
Hawaii
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
Idaho
142
154
160
169
174
177
181
185
191
Illinois
1,382
1,419
1,503
1,538
1,556
1,537
1,577
1,576
1,549
Indiana
636
651
672
699
721
725
754
763
765
Iowa
298
322
336
351
362
373
376
381
389
Kansas
236
241
243
250
260
264
271
273
275
Kentucky
367
385
421
431
454
459
473
481
501
Louisiana
333
354
385
390
404
397
396
407
437
Maine
118
120
114
123
125
126
125
134
136
Maryland
514
495
471
440
405
*
350
*
*
Massachusetts
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
Michigan
733
749
780
835
857
860
902
922
906
Minnesota
496
529
544
573
590
611
618
629
621
Mississippi
202
220
229
240
255
240
263
267
299
Missouri
683
712
727
767
805
811
846
862
870
Montana
102
108
108
111
115
119
119
123
122
Nebraska
135
143
151
158
164
167
169
173
175





U.S. Federal Communications Commission
Internet Access Services: Status as of December 31, 2011 43

---

27

Table 19 - Continued

ADSL Connections by State 2007-2011

(Connections over 200 kbps in at least one direction, in thousands)


2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
State
Dec
Jun
Dec
Jun
Dec
Jun
Dec
Jun
Dec
Nevada
220
225
222
225
229
232
242
245
250
New Hampshire
100
97
91
91
86
84
85
87
88
New Jersey
735
700
666
624
568
530
486
449
415
New Mexico
200
217
231
242
250
259
266
271
278
New York
1,184
1,169
1,122
1,100
1,046
1,010
957
928
871
North Carolina
820
870
891
918
969
985
995
1,026
1,050
North Dakota
56
60
65
64
67
67
69
71
71
Northern Mariana Isl
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
Ohio
1,024
1,034
1,069
1,109
1,127
1,145
1,177
1,190
1,184
Oklahoma
324
334
338
349
359
361
379
384
387
Oregon
356
361
371
367
367
362
359
360
364
Pennsylvania
1,191
1,209
1,231
1,246
1,232
1,202
1,159
1,131
1,101
Puerto Rico
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
Rhode Island
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
South Carolina
359
386
400
412
428
437
434
452
471
South Dakota
48
53
56
58
58
60
58
60
63
Tennessee
499
535
541
549
559
570
557
576
593
Texas
2,464
2,475
2,608
2,706
2,784
2,797
2,898
2,943
2,952
Utah
270
284
299
280
309
312
311
309
310
Vermont
72
73
61
79
81
84
85
87
94
Virgin Islands
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
Virginia
568
561
553
547
536
527
507
498
485
Washington
592
600
599
596
593
589
582
583
591
West Virginia
138
147
152
160
161
162
*
*
*
Wisconsin
528
556
556
586
612
615
646
658
657
Wyoming
53
55
57
58
58
59
59
59
62
Total
29,449
29,964
30,198
30,631
30,987
30,759
31,470
31,611
31,338

# = Rounds to Zero.
* = Data withheld to maintain firm confidentiality.
Note: Some historical data have been revised. Figures may not sum to totals due to rounding.
Source: FCC Form 477, Part I.



U.S. Federal Communications Commission
Internet Access Services: Status as of December 31, 2011 44

---

28

Table 20

Cable Modem Connections by State 2007-2011

(Connections over 200 kbps in at least one direction, in thousands)


2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
State
Dec
Jun
Dec
Jun
Dec
Jun
Dec
Jun
Dec
Alabama
399
417
460
478
497
513
539
556
576
Alaska
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
American Samoa
0
0
0
0
0
0
*
*
*
Arizona
897
992
1,044
1,039
1,104
1,096
1,161
1,104
1,169
Arkansas
214
236
227
252
262
267
278
288
301
California
3,603
3,799
3,990
4,144
4,224
4,418
4,639
4,853
5,034
Colorado
604
626
659
693
709
744
787
817
848
Connecticut
550
576
615
626
640
672
673
713
723
Delaware
*
*
*
*
*
158
156
164
*
District of Columbia
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
Florida
2,543
2,631
2,825
2,859
2,992
3,076
3,292
3,313
3,549
Georgia
862
904
974
1,020
1,022
1,052
1,114
1,151
1,190
Guam
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
Hawaii
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
Idaho
123
127
121
130
133
137
145
150
158
Illinois
1,570
1,625
1,591
1,575
1,577
1,630
1,696
1,768
1,857
Indiana
439
456
626
641
669
697
728
766
801
Iowa
287
309
330
344
360
376
389
395
397
Kansas
369
380
415
419
435
434
441
447
456
Kentucky
435
482
452
483
497
512
530
565
597
Louisiana
485
481
518
544
559
562
586
593
612
Maine
179
197
202
224
237
259
269
286
282
Maryland
865
871
801
757
768
778
773
797
826
Massachusetts
1,136
1,159
1,291
1,253
1,250
1,339
1,343
1,401
1,415
Michigan
1,265
1,307
1,394
1,431
1,451
1,517
1,537
1,603
1,643
Minnesota
608
622
666
685
701
739
776
800
820
Mississippi
166
188
216
227
232
241
246
258
263
Missouri
498
517
560
561
586
599
604
617
623
Montana
83
90
92
102
108
113
119
127
*
Nebraska
252
262
278
286
295
293
309
316
324





U.S. Federal Communications Commission
Internet Access Services: Status as of December 31, 2011 45

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29

Table 20 - Continued

Cable Modem Connections by State 2007-2011

(Connections over 200 kbps in at least one direction, in thousands)


2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
State
Dec
Jun
Dec
Jun
Dec
Jun
Dec
Jun
Dec
Nevada
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
New Hampshire
240
250
285
295
303
329
325
340
342
New Jersey
1,538
1,586
1,637
1,604
1,623
1,698
1,702
1,759
1,775
New Mexico
127
137
146
155
158
168
176
190
193
New York
3,342
3,548
3,749
3,850
3,886
3,982
4,013
4,091
4,116
North Carolina
1,196
1,266
1,344
1,392
1,444
1,513
1,554
1,566
1,653
North Dakota
80
83
85
88
93
90
101
96
108
Northern Mariana Isl
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
Ohio
1,498
1,627
1,705
1,757
1,813
1,862
1,895
1,943
2,025
Oklahoma
373
382
408
429
432
436
468
474
487
Oregon
531
554
517
528
542
576
608
640
662
Pennsylvania
1,399
1,492
1,800
1,777
1,835
1,915
1,983
2,057
2,135
Puerto Rico
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
Rhode Island
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
South Carolina
496
517
555
582
598
627
660
664
691
South Dakota
111
115
122
122
127
118
134
124
138
Tennessee
703
715
718
739
751
784
795
824
853
Texas
2,183
2,214
1,971
2,280
2,383
2,456
2,459
2,577
2,686
Utah
*
212
*
243
253
268
283
303
310
Vermont
*
*
71
80
83
93
97
104
106
Virgin Islands
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
*
Virginia
921
941
1,096
1,097
1,105
1,114
1,124
1,141
1,154
Washington
909
944
998
1,102
1,106
1,186
1,239
1,296
1,329
West Virginia
159
167
205
215
226
220
255
274
285
Wisconsin
676
711
759
779
802
823
846
870
897
Wyoming
*
*
64
70
74
76
80
82
85
Total
36,507
38,190
40,251
41,434
42,439
43,923
45,334
46,698
48,257

# = Rounds to Zero.
* = Data withheld to maintain firm confidentiality.
Note: Some historical data have been revised. Figures may not sum to totals due to rounding.
Source: FCC Form 477, Part I.



U.S. Federal Communications Commission
Internet Access Services: Status as of December 31, 2011 46

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30

Table 21

Providers of Connections by Technology by State as of December 31, 2011

(Connections over 200 kbps in at least one direction)

Other
Cable
Fixed
Mobile
Power Line
State
ADSL
SDSL
Wireline
Modem
Fiber
Satellite
Wireless
Wireless
and Other
Total
Alabama
24
9
20
21
28
*
21
6
0
81
Alaska
13
4
9
4
6
*
8
6
0
25
American Samoa
*
*
0
*
*
0
*
0
0
*
Arizona
25
7
26
11
25
4
25
6
0
79
Arkansas
21
7
13
16
16
*
8
5
0
55
California
36
20
48
23
28
*
38
10
0
127
Colorado
35
10
35
16
26
*
35
11
0
99
Connecticut
8
8
20
8
13
*
*
4
0
37
Delaware
6
4
17
*
5
*
0
6
0
28
District of Columbia
10
8
23
*
9
*
*
5
0
36
Florida
28
17
49
21
34
*
23
7
0
101
Georgia
33
15
37
32
41
*
13
8
0
105
Guam
*
*
*
*
0
0
*
*
0
5
Hawaii
5
*
7
*
6
*
*
5
0
21
Idaho
25
5
21
13
23
4
16
8
0
61
Illinois
59
22
47
22
34
*
54
12
0
150
Indiana
35
11
29
15
37
*
44
7
0
97
Iowa
129
28
28
41
76
*
71
11
0
210
Kansas
40
14
25
28
38
*
32
11
0
96
Kentucky
26
8
22
28
22
*
18
9
0
88
Louisiana
17
7
21
16
18
*
6
6
0
57
Maine
13
10
15
5
11
*
4
5
0
31
Maryland
17
11
32
12
16
*
7
6
0
62
Massachusetts
14
9
31
11
11
*
8
6
0
58
Michigan
41
19
36
18
21
*
30
9
0
100
Minnesota
55
18
31
18
47
*
33
6
0
108
Mississippi
20
5
21
12
13
*
4
6
0
54
Missouri
36
13
29
20
28
*
40
7
*
104
Montana
24
8
16
7
13
*
17
*
0
48
Nebraska
36
9
13
20
28
*
27
8
0
77





U.S. Federal Communications Commission
Internet Access Services: Status as of December 31, 2011 47

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31

Table 21 - Continued

Providers of Connections by Technology by State as of December 31, 2011

(Connections over 200 kbps in at least one direction)

Other
Cable
Fixed
Mobile
Power Line
State
ADSL
SDSL
Wireline
Modem
Fiber
Satellite
Wireless
Wireless
and Other
Total
Nevada
18
9
22
6
16
*
9
7
0
54
New Hampshire
14
8
16
6
11
*
5
6
0
39
New Jersey
20
10
38
6
16
*
4
6
0
58
New Mexico
22
10
18
7
12
*
16
10
0
52
New York
43
17
40
19
28
*
16
6
0
99
North Carolina
28
7
27
24
28
*
10
10
0
79
North Dakota
33
9
16
7
16
*
13
5
0
47
Northern Mariana Isl
*
0
*
*
0
0
*
*
0
*
Ohio
42
17
34
29
33
*
25
8
*
109
Oklahoma
40
8
25
16
17
*
17
12
0
84
Oregon
41
15
32
16
34
*
23
6
0
87
Pennsylvania
35
13
38
25
25
*
10
7
0
91
Puerto Rico
*
*
5
*
*
*
*
5
0
15
Rhode Island
7
4
12
4
7
*
*
5
0
26
South Carolina
21
*
18
16
16
*
5
9
0
49
South Dakota
29
4
14
7
20
*
21
4
*
57
Tennessee
23
13
24
17
24
*
18
7
0
82
Texas
69
22
53
34
46
*
61
11
*
170
Utah
17
9
18
7
16
*
13
7
0
50
Vermont
10
4
18
5
8
*
4
4
0
37
Virgin Islands
*
0
*
*
0
*
*
*
0
7
Virginia
28
14
30
15
22
*
18
8
0
73
Washington
31
8
35
17
26
*
25
7
0
87
West Virginia
8
*
16
12
10
*
5
8
0
43
Wisconsin
48
18
26
19
30
*
29
8
0
97
Wyoming
14
6
8
5
5
*
13
7
0
37
Total
869
256
274
404
618
6
712
69
5
1,681

* Indicates one to three providers.
Source: FCC Form 477, Part I.



U.S. Federal Communications Commission
Internet Access Services: Status as of December 31, 2011 48

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32

Table 22

Percentage of Residential End-User Premises with Access to Services

over 200 kbps in at Least One Direction by State as of December 31, 2011

xDSL Availability Where ILECs
Cable Modem Availability Where Cable
State
Offer Local Telephone Service
Systems Offer Cable TV Service
Alabama
83
94
Alaska
80
*
American Samoa
*
*
Arizona
91
99
Arkansas
82
84
California
88
99
Colorado
*
98
Connecticut
*
99
Delaware
*
*
District of Columbia
*
*
Florida
88
97
Georgia
94
93
Guam
*
*
Hawaii
*
*
Idaho
87
98
Illinois
89
97
Indiana
87
97
Iowa
86
93
Kansas
87
92
Kentucky
88
94
Louisiana
85
95
Maine
85
96
Maryland
*
99
Massachusetts
*
99
Michigan
80
98
Minnesota
91
94
Mississippi
81
91
Missouri
85
94
Montana
84
*
Nebraska
88
95
Nevada
92
*
New Hampshire
87
98
New Jersey
79
97
New Mexico
88
94
New York
75
96
North Carolina
94
95
North Dakota
89
92
Northern Mariana Isl
*
*
Ohio
89
95
Oklahoma
83
94
Oregon
92
98
Pennsylvania
82
97
Puerto Rico
*
*
Rhode Island
*
*
South Carolina
91
95
South Dakota
82
87
Tennessee
86
98
Texas
83
97
Utah
95
94
Vermont
89
71
Virgin Islands
*
*
Virginia
67
96
Washington
90
97
West Virginia
*
93
Wisconsin
87
98
Wyoming
84
92
Total
85
97

* = Data withheld to maintain firm confidentiality.
Note: This table summarizes responses to Form 477 questions about service availability, as opposed to subscribership. xDSL includes both asymmetric
and symmetric DSL. Each state-specific estimate is a weighted average of the availability percentages that ILECs or cable system operators report
for the areas they serve. Reported xDSL availability is weighted by ILEC end-user switched access lines and VoIP lines. Reported cable modem
availability is weighted by cable TV subscribers. The weighted averages include ILECs or cable system operators that report no availability.
Figures are presented to the nearest percent.
Source: FCC Form 477, Parts I and II; Warren Communications News, Inc., Television & Cable Factbook: Online (Cable General Information, February 2010).

U.S. Federal Communications Commission
Internet Access Services: Status as of December 31, 2011 49

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Detailed Summary Statistics: Counties and Census Tracts

Contents of this section

All counties

Chart 15
Distribution of Counties by Ratio of Residential Fixed Connections

over 200 kbps in at Least One Direction to County Households

as of December 31, 2011 ................................................................................................... 51
Table 23
Distribution of Counties by Ratio of Residential Fixed Connections

over 200 kbps in at Least One Direction to County Households by Technology

as of December 31, 2011 ................................................................................................... 52

All census tracts

Chart 16
Distribution of Census Tracts by Ratio of Residential Fixed Connections

over 200 kbps in at Least One Direction to Tract Households

as of December 31, 2011 ................................................................................................... 53
Table 24
Distribution of Census Tracts by Ratio of Residential Fixed Connections

over 200 kbps in at Least One Direction to Tract Households by Technology

as of December 31, 2011 ................................................................................................... 54
Table 25
Percentage of Census Tracts with Residential Fixed Connections by Technology

as of December 31, 2011 (Connections over 200 kbps in at least one direction) .............. 55

Counties and census tracts in individual states

Table 26
Distribution of Counties by Ratio of Residential Fixed Connections to County

Households by State as of December 31, 2011 (Connections over 200 kbps in

at least one direction) ........................................................................................................ 56
Table 27
Distribution of Census Tracts by Ratio of Residential Fixed Connections to Tract

Households by State as of December 31, 2011 (Connections over 200 kbps in

at least one direction) ....................................................................................................... 58

Maps: Residential subscription ratios by census tract

Map 1
Residential Fixed Connections over 200 kbps in at Least One Direction

per 1,000 Households by Census Tract as of December 31, 2011 .................................... 60
Map 2
Residential Fixed Connections at Least 768 kbps Downstream and 200 kbps

Upstream per 1,000 Households by Census Tract as of December 31, 2011 .................... 61

Maps: Number of providers by census tract

Map 3
Providers of Fixed Connections over 200 kbps in at Least One Direction

by Census Tract as of December 31, 2011 ........................................................................ 62
Map 4
Providers of Residential Fixed Connections over 200 kbps in at Least One

Direction by Census Tract as of December 31, 2011 ........................................................ 63
Map 5
Providers of Residential Fixed Connections at Least 3 mbps Downstream

and 768 kbps Upstream by Census Tract as of December 31, 2011 ................................. 64
Map 6
Providers of Mobile Connections over 200 kbps in at Least One Direction

by Census Tract as of December 31, 2011 ........................................................................ 65

U.S. Federal Communications Commission
Internet Access Services: Status as of December 31, 2011 50

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33

Chart 15

Distribution of Counties by Ratio of Residential Fixed Connections over 200 kbps in at Least One Direction

to County Households as of December 31, 2011
14%
431
Number of Counties
3,234
410
412
Median
0.55
12%
357
322
10%
300
s
i
e
ount 8%
C
of
ge
201
t
a
n 6%
e
180
r
c
e
P
146
141
4%
88
78
2%
47
32
31
15
14
8
9
12
0%
0
0.05
0.10
0.15
0.20
0.25
0.30
0.35
0.40
0.45
0.50
0.55
0.60
0.65
0.70
0.75
0.80
0.85
0.90
0.95
Max

Ratio of Residential Fixed Connections to County Households

Note: Ratios ov er 1 were set to 1. See Technical Notes at the end of the report.
Sources: FCC Form 477, Part VI; Geoly tics 2011 Block-Lev el Estimates; and Census 2010. 2010 housing units proxy households in island area counties.




U.S. Federal Communications Commission
Internet Access Services: Status as of December 31, 2011 51

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34

Table 23

Distribution of Counties by Ratio of Residential Fixed Connections over 200 kbps in at Least One Direction

to County Households by Technology as of December 31, 2011


Ratio of Residential Fixed Connections to County Households
Greater Greater Greater Greater Greater Greater Greater Greater
Greater
than 5
than 10 than 20 than 30 than 40 than 50 than 60 than 80
than 0
and no
and no
and no
and no
and no
and no
and no
and no
and no
more
more
more
more
more
more
more
more
more
than
than
than
than
than
than
than
than
100% or
Technology
Zero
than 5%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
80%
100%
more
aDSL
0.9
2.4
5.0
24.8
31.3
21.7
9.6
3.3
0.6
0.2
0.1
sDSL
82.8
16.0
0.7
0.3
0.1
0.1
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
Other Wireline
95.7
4.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
Cable Modem
13.5
9.7
10.0
18.2
17.4
14.7
9.9
4.6
1.6
0.1
0.1
FTTP
58.9
29.6
3.9
3.3
2.1
1.0
0.7
0.3
0.2
0.1
0.0
Satellite
0.6
85.5
11.4
2.3
0.1
0.1
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
Fixed Wireless
44.0
44.4
7.1
3.8
0.4
0.1
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
Power Line
100.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
All Other
99.9
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
Total
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.9
4.2
10.7
21.0
26.0
31.9
4.1
0.7

Note: Figures may not sum to totals due to rounding. See Technical Notes at the end of the report.
Sources: FCC Form 477, Part VI; Geolytics 2011 Block-Level Estimates; and Census 2010. 2010 housing units proxy households in island area counties.



U.S. Federal Communications Commission
Internet Access Services: Status as of December 31, 2011 52

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49

Chart 16

Distribution of Census Tracts by Ratio of Residential Fixed Connections over 200 kbps in at Least One Direction

to Tract Households as of December 31, 2011
10
Number of Tracts
73,767
Median
0.66
8
t
s
c
a
6
Tr
of
e
g
a
nt
e
r
c
4
e
P
2
0
0
0.10
0.20
0.30
0.40
0.50
0.60
0.70
0.80
0.90
1.00
1.10
1.20
1.30
1.40
1.50
1.60
1.70
1.80
1.90
Max

Ratio of Residential Fixed Connections to Tract Households

Note: Ratios ov er 2 were set to 2. See Technical Notes at the end of the report.
Sources: FCC Form 477, Part VI; Geoly tics 2011 Block-Lev el Estimates; and Census 2000.




U.S. Federal Communications Commission
Internet Access Services: Status as of December 31, 2011 53

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36

Table 24

Distribution of Census Tracts by Ratio of Residential Fixed Connections over 200 kbps in at Least One Direction

to Tract Households by Technology as of December 31, 2011


Ratio of Residential Fixed Connections to Tract Households
Greater Greater Greater Greater Greater Greater Greater Greater
Greater
than 5
than 10 than 20 than 30 than 40 than 50 than 60 than 80
than 0
and no
and no
and no
and no
and no
and no
and no
and no
and no
more
more
more
more
more
more
more
more
more
than
than
than
than
than
than
than
than
100% or
Technology
Zero
than 5%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
80%
100%
more
aDSL
5.2
8.1
8.8
25.6
23.2
15.6
8.2
3.2
1.4
0.3
0.3
sDSL
96.3
3.4
0.1
0.1
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
Other Wireline
99.5
0.4
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
Cable Modem
6.3
3.5
2.9
9.9
15.7
18.3
17.0
13.0
11.1
1.6
0.8
FTTP
79.3
8.2
1.6
2.3
2.0
2.0
1.5
1.1
1.1
0.5
0.3
Satellite
50.8
44.3
3.4
1.3
0.2
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
Fixed Wireless
84.3
12.3
1.7
1.2
0.3
0.1
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
Power Line
99.9
0.1
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
All Other
100.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
Total
1.1
0.2
0.3
1.6
4.0
7.4
10.9
14.4
33.3
20.7
6.0

Note: Figures may not sum to totals due to rounding. See Technical Notes at the end of the report.
Sources: FCC Form 477, Part VI; Geolytics 2011 Block-Level Estimates; and Census 2000.



U.S. Federal Communications Commission
Internet Access Services: Status as of December 31, 2011 54

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37

Table 25

Percentage of Census Tracts with Residential Fixed Connections by Technology as of December 31, 2011

(Connections over 200 kbps in at least one direction)


Number of Providers
Seven or
Technology
Zero
One
Two
Three
Four
Five
Six
More
aDSL
5.2
45.6
35.4
11.7
1.8
0.3
0.0
0.0
sDSL
96.3
3.5
0.2
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
Other Wireline
99.5
0.5
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
Cable Modem
6.3
80.7
12.4
0.6
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
FTTP
79.3
20.1
0.5
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
Satellite
50.8
22.3
24.3
2.7
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
Fixed Wireless
84.3
12.0
3.0
0.6
0.1
0.0
0.0
0.0
Power Line
99.9
0.1
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
aDSL and/or Cable Modem and/or FTTP
1.4
5.8
39.1
34.7
15.1
3.2
0.6
0.1
Any Technology
1.1
2.1
19.7
28.1
23.8
14.4
6.8
4.0

Note: Figures may not sum to totals due to rounding.
Sources: FCC Form 477, Part VI and Census 2010.



U.S. Federal Communications Commission
Internet Access Services: Status as of December 31, 2011 55

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38

Table 26

Distribution of Counties by Ratio of Residential Fixed Connections to County Households by State as of December 31, 2011

(Connections over 200 kbps in at least one direction)


Ratio of Residential Fixed Connections over 200 kbps in at Least One Direction to County Households
Greater than Greater than Greater than Greater than Greater than Greater than Greater than Greater than Greater than
0 and no
5 and no
10 and no
20 and no
30 and no
40 and no
50 and no
60 and no
80 and no
more than
more than
more than
more than
more than
more than
more than
more than
more than
100% or
State
Counties
Zero
5%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
80%
100%
more
Alabama
67
0
0
0
0
5
13
27
10
12
0
0
Alaska
29
0
0
2
1
2
4
6
4
9
0
1
American Samoa
5
2
1
0
1
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
Arizona
15
0
0
0
0
0
2
1
4
8
0
0
Arkansas
75
0
0
0
0
4
25
28
12
6
0
0
California
58
0
0
0
1
0
1
5
9
33
8
1
Colorado
64
0
0
0
0
1
2
8
19
22
6
6
Connecticut
8
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
4
4
0
Delaware
3
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
3
0
0
District of Columbia
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
Florida
67
0
0
0
0
3
0
13
10
28
12
1
Georgia
159
0
0
1
1
11
22
39
34
44
7
0
Guam
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
Hawaii
5
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
2
2
0
Idaho
44
0
0
1
1
2
5
6
14
14
1
0
Illinois
102
0
0
0
2
5
8
26
31
26
2
2
Indiana
92
0
0
0
0
1
4
27
35
23
2
0
Iowa
99
0
0
0
0
0
0
11
42
45
1
0
Kansas
105
0
0
0
0
0
1
20
40
40
4
0
Kentucky
120
0
0
0
0
6
10
32
38
33
1
0
Louisiana
64
0
0
0
0
3
11
18
17
15
0
0
Maine
16
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
2
11
2
0
Maryland
24
0
0
0
0
1
0
2
3
14
4
0
Massachusetts
14
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
7
5
2
Michigan
83
0
0
0
0
4
5
21
25
27
1
0
Minnesota
87
0
0
0
0
0
2
8
36
40
1
0
Mississippi
82
0
0
0
2
16
33
15
10
6
0
0
Missouri
115
0
0
1
1
5
21
36
29
22
0
0
Montana
56
0
0
0
0
0
2
16
18
20
0
0
Nebraska
93
0
0
0
0
0
7
22
32
31
1
0





U.S. Federal Communications Commission
Internet Access Services: Status as of December 31, 2011 56

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39

Table 26 - Continued

Distribution of Counties by Ratio of Residential Fixed Connections to County Households by State as of December 31, 2011

(Connections over 200 kbps in at least one direction)


Ratio of Residential Fixed Connections over 200 kbps in at Least One Direction to County Households
Greater than Greater than Greater than Greater than Greater than Greater than Greater than Greater than Greater than
0 and no
5 and no
10 and no
20 and no
30 and no
40 and no
50 and no
60 and no
80 and no
more than
more than
more than
more than
more than
more than
more than
more than
more than
100% or
State
Counties
Zero
5%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
80%
100%
more
Nevada
17
0
0
0
0
0
2
6
2
7
0
0
New Hampshire
10
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
7
2
0
New Jersey
21
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
13
8
0
New Mexico
33
0
0
0
0
2
8
7
8
7
1
0
New York
62
0
0
0
0
0
0
3
15
37
6
1
North Carolina
100
0
1
0
0
0
3
24
30
36
5
1
North Dakota
53
0
0
0
0
0
1
5
17
28
2
0
Northern Mariana Isl
4
1
0
0
3
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Ohio
88
0
0
0
0
0
5
13
24
44
2
0
Oklahoma
77
0
0
0
0
7
18
24
18
10
0
0
Oregon
36
0
0
0
0
0
2
5
13
15
1
0
Pennsylvania
67
0
0
0
0
2
3
3
8
41
9
1
Puerto Rico
78
0
0
0
1
16
24
29
7
1
0
0
Rhode Island
5
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
4
1
0
South Carolina
46
0
0
0
0
3
8
10
14
10
1
0
South Dakota
66
0
0
0
0
1
5
6
21
31
2
0
Tennessee
95
0
0
0
1
8
19
28
27
11
1
0
Texas
254
0
0
1
3
13
38
73
71
50
4
1
Utah
29
0
0
0
0
1
2
1
10
14
0
1
Vermont
14
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
2
10
1
0
Virgin Islands
3
0
0
0
0
0
2
1
0
0
0
0
Virginia
134
0
2
3
11
8
15
25
27
25
14
4
Washington
39
0
0
0
0
2
2
4
6
23
2
0
West Virginia
55
0
0
0
0
2
9
14
18
11
1
0
Wisconsin
72
0
0
0
0
0
1
7
21
41
2
0
Wyoming
23
0
0
0
0
0
2
3
6
11
1
0
Total
3,234
3
5
9
29
135
347
680
840
1033
131
22

Note: Figures may not sum to totals due to rounding. See Technical Notes at the end of the report.
Sources: FCC Form 477, Part VI (Connections); Geolytics 2011 Block-Level Estimates (Households for U.S. and District of Columbia); Census 2010 (Housing units for Puerto Rico, American Samoa,
Guam, Northern Mariana Islands and U.S. Virgin Islands).



U.S. Federal Communications Commission
Internet Access Services: Status as of December 31, 2011 57

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40

Table 27

Distribution of Census Tracts by Ratio of Residential Fixed Connections to Tract Households by State as of December 31, 2011

(Connections over 200 kbps in at least one direction)


Ratio of Residential Fixed Connections over 200 kbps in at Least One Direction to Tract Households
Greater than Greater than Greater than Greater than Greater than Greater than Greater than Greater than Greater than
0 and no
5 and no
10 and no
20 and no
30 and no
40 and no
50 and no
60 and no
80 and no
more than
more than
more than
more than
more than
more than
more than
more than
more than
100% or
State
Tracts
Zero
5%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
80%
100%
more
Alabama
1,181
4
2
2
30
97
197
224
209
304
91
21
Alaska
167
2
1
2
7
8
7
12
25
78
13
12
American Samoa
18
3
6
1
4
1
1
1
0
0
0
1
Arizona
1,526
18
14
9
21
49
74
147
196
486
421
91
Arkansas
686
0
4
1
20
73
129
138
122
150
42
7
California
8,057
63
18
22
147
278
342
552
817
2,453
2,635
730
Colorado
1,249
12
0
3
2
16
37
90
170
450
394
75
Connecticut
833
7
0
0
0
2
18
44
59
282
402
19
Delaware
218
4
0
1
2
7
15
28
17
52
51
41
District of Columbia
179
1
0
0
1
12
17
13
26
48
53
8
Florida
4,245
75
4
8
19
91
199
403
536
1,430
1,037
443
Georgia
1,969
15
3
0
23
103
190
299
338
624
322
52
Guam
57
8
1
0
2
0
0
2
2
1
2
39
Hawaii
351
32
1
1
3
1
4
9
31
130
99
40
Idaho
298
1
2
2
3
9
17
43
78
114
28
1
Illinois
3,123
8
3
5
40
109
291
420
484
1,127
542
94
Indiana
1,511
6
1
2
10
33
121
258
359
527
186
8
Iowa
825
2
1
0
1
6
23
97
229
401
58
7
Kansas
770
7
1
0
5
19
49
86
187
261
137
18
Kentucky
1,115
7
0
2
18
38
111
182
248
373
108
28
Louisiana
1,148
23
0
0
18
68
169
216
224
323
97
10
Maine
358
7
0
0
0
1
6
24
46
193
68
13
Maryland
1,406
21
1
2
34
111
116
122
121
270
264
344
Massachusetts
1,478
17
2
1
5
12
42
96
135
481
474
213
Michigan
2,813
68
3
3
46
162
275
293
382
1,035
526
20
Minnesota
1,338
7
1
2
5
10
48
120
255
643
233
14
Mississippi
664
6
0
4
20
100
153
133
81
126
28
13
Missouri
1,393
4
4
5
20
112
157
211
252
408
203
17
Montana
271
2
0
2
3
7
13
45
61
113
16
9
Nebraska
532
2
0
0
0
4
26
61
115
213
91
20





U.S. Federal Communications Commission
Internet Access Services: Status as of December 31, 2011 58

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41

Table 27 - Continued

Distribution of Census Tracts by Ratio of Residential Fixed Connections to Tract Households by State as of December 31, 2011

(Connections over 200 kbps in at least one direction)


Ratio of Residential Fixed Connections over 200 kbps in at Least One Direction to Tract Households
Greater than Greater than Greater than Greater than Greater than Greater than Greater than Greater than Greater than
0 and no
5 and no
10 and no
20 and no
30 and no
40 and no
50 and no
60 and no
80 and no
more than
more than
more than
more than
more than
more than
more than
more than
more than
100% or
State
Tracts
Zero
5%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
80%
100%
more
Nevada
687
9
0
3
9
27
47
85
88
259
140
20
New Hampshire
295
3
0
1
0
0
1
6
23
127
122
12
New Jersey
2,010
14
2
1
6
16
48
89
174
608
821
231
New Mexico
499
6
10
6
16
24
58
81
88
151
45
14
New York
4,918
93
5
11
24
87
142
272
624
1,967
1,426
267
North Carolina
2,195
25
3
1
14
57
150
304
371
715
419
136
North Dakota
205
0
0
0
0
2
9
18
43
102
24
7
Northern Mariana Isl
25
6
0
1
1
4
0
0
3
0
0
10
Ohio
2,952
12
0
2
12
83
215
349
500
1,190
553
36
Oklahoma
1,046
1
9
11
39
80
135
187
162
262
137
23
Oregon
834
9
0
1
4
6
27
75
161
375
157
19
Pennsylvania
3,218
19
16
13
40
86
186
259
410
1,263
649
277
Puerto Rico
945
57
2
25
170
176
177
114
80
48
36
60
Rhode Island
244
3
0
0
0
0
6
14
31
102
82
6
South Carolina
1,103
15
0
0
20
72
144
185
167
334
115
51
South Dakota
222
1
0
0
1
3
11
17
61
101
22
5
Tennessee
1,497
12
3
4
34
116
187
287
281
411
135
27
Texas
5,265
40
17
34
169
363
683
765
715
1,380
804
295
Utah
588
4
2
2
10
6
9
40
83
274
128
30
Vermont
184
1
0
0
0
0
1
4
25
101
41
11
Virgin Islands
32
3
0
1
4
4
3
4
3
1
5
4
Virginia
1,907
33
23
34
72
129
215
241
196
337
233
394
Washington
1,458
13
0
2
14
22
57
105
195
610
369
71
West Virginia
484
0
5
10
21
19
49
63
96
172
30
19
Wisconsin
1,409
19
3
0
9
32
80
133
252
638
229
14
Wyoming
132
1
0
0
1
5
8
17
26
58
13
3
Total
74,133
831
173
243
1,199
2,958
5,495
8,083
10,663
24,682
15,356
4,450

Note: Figures may not sum to totals due to rounding. See Technical Notes at the end of the report.
Sources: FCC Form 477, Part VI (Connections); Geolytics 2011 Block-Level Estimates (Households for U.S. and District of Columbia); Census 2000 (Households for Puerto Rico, American Samoa,
Guam, Northern Mariana Islands and U.S. Virgin Islands).



U.S. Federal Communications Commission
Internet Access Services: Status as of December 31, 2011 59

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Map 1

Residential Fixed Connections over 200 kbps in at Least One Direction per 1,000 Households

by Census Tract as of December 31, 2011

Symbology

Connections per 1000 Households

Zero
Zero < x <= 200
200 < x <= 400
400 < x <= 600
600 < x <= 800
800 < x
A l a s k a
This map shows the number of residential connections per 1,000 households by
census tract. Connections have information transfer rates greater than 200 kbps
in at least one direction and include al technologies except terrestrial mobile wireless.
Connections data are from FCC Form 477 Part VI. The census tract boundaries are from TIGER.
Household counts for tracts in the U.S. are 2011 estimates from Geolytics. Household counts
for the territories are from Census 2000. For more information about census tracts please see
Census 2010 Summary File 1 Technical Documentation, page A-12.
P u e r t o R i c o
H a w a i i
U.S. Federal Communications Commission
Internet Access Services: Status as of December 31, 2011 60

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Map 2

Residential Fixed Connections at Least 768 kbps Downstream and 200 kbps Upstream

per 1,000 Households by Census Tract as of December 31, 2011

Symbology

Connections per 1000 Households

Zero
Zero < x <= 200
200 < x <= 400
400 < x <= 600
600 < x <= 800
800 < x
A l a s k a
This map shows the number of residential connections per 1,000 households
by census tract. Connections have information transfer rates greater than 200 kbps
upstream and at least 768 kbps downstream. Al technologies except terrestrial
mobile wireless are included.
Connections are from FCC Form 477 Part VI. The census tract boundaries are from TIGER.
Household counts for tracts in the U.S. are 2011 estimates from Geolytics. Household
counts for the territories are from Census 2000. For more information about census
tracts please see Census 2010 Summary File 1 Technical Documentation, page A-12.
P u e r t o R i c o
H a w a i i
U.S. Federal Communications Commission
Internet Access Services: Status as of December 31, 2011 61

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Map 3

Providers of Fixed Connections over 200 kbps in at Least One Direction

by Census Tract as of December 31, 2011

Symbology

Provider Count (exc. Mobile Wireless)

Zero
1 to 3
4 to 6
7 or more
A l a s k a
This map shows the number of providers of fixed connections
by census tract. Connections have information transfer rates
greater than 200 kbps in at least one direction and include al
technologies except terrestrial mobile wireless.
Provider data are from FCC Form 477 Part VI. The census tract
boundaries are from TIGER. For more information about census
tracts please see Census 2010 Summary File 1 Technical
Documentation, page A-12.
P u e r t o R i c o
H a w a i i
U.S. Federal Communications Commission
Internet Access Services: Status as of December 31, 2011 62

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Map 4

Providers of Residential Fixed Connections over 200 kbps in at Least One Direction

by Census Tract as of December 31, 2011

Symbology

Provider Count (exc. Mobile Wireless)

Zero
1 to 3
4 to 6
7 or more
A l a s k a
This map shows the number of providers of fixed connections by
census tract. A provider is counted only if it reported residential
connections in the tract. Connections have information transfer
rates greater than 200 kbps in at least one direction and include
al technologies except terrestrial mobile wireless.
Provider data are from FCC Form 477 Part VI. The census tract
boundaries are from TIGER. For more information about census
tracts please see Census 2010 Summary File 1 Technical
Documentation, page A-12.
P u e r t o R i c o
H a w a i i
U.S. Federal Communications Commission
Internet Access Services: Status as of December 31, 2011 63

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Map 5

Providers of Residential Fixed Connections at Least 3 Mbps Downstream and 768 kbps Upstream

by Census Tract as of December 31, 2011

Symbology

Provider Count (exc. Mobile Wireless)

Zero
1 to 3
4 to 6
7 or more
A l a s k a
This map shows the number of providers of fixed connections by census tract.
A provider is counted only if it reported residential connections in the tract.
Connections have information transfer rates of at least 3 Mbps downstream
and at least 768 kbps upstream and include al technologies except terrestrial mobile
wireless.
Provider data are from FCC Form 477 Part VI. The census tract boundaries
are from TIGER. For more information about census tracts please see Census
2010 Summary File 1 Technical Documentation, page A-12.
P u e r t o R i c o
H a w a i i
U.S. Federal Communications Commission
Internet Access Services: Status as of December 31, 2011 64

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Map 6

Providers of Mobile Connections over 200 kbps in at Least One Direction

by Census Tract as of December 31, 2011

Symbology

Providers (Mobile Wireless)

Zero
1 to 3
4 to 6
7 or more
A l a s k a
This map shows the number of potential providers of mobile connections
with information transfer rates greater than 200 kbps in at least one direction by
census tract. Providers are counted if they indicate that service is available in
a tract over a network the provider operates.
Provider data are from FCC Form 477 Part VI. The census tract boundaries are
from TIGER. For more information about census tracts please see Census 2010
Summary File 1 Technical Documentation, page A-12.
P u e r t o R i c o
H a w a i i
U.S. Federal Communications Commission
Internet Access Services: Status as of December 31, 2011 65

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Detailed Correlation Results: Demographic Measures

Contents of this section

Household income

Chart 17
Ratio of Residential Fixed Connections over 200 kbps in at Least One Direction

to Households by Income Deciles as of December 31, 2011 (County Data) .................... 67
Chart 18
Subscribership Ratio Distributions by Income Deciles as of December 31, 2011 ............ 68

Household density

Chart 19
Ratio of Residential Fixed Connections over 200 kbps in at Least One Direction

to Households by Density Deciles as of December 31, 2011 (County Data) .................... 69
Chart 20
Subscribership Ratio Distributions by Density Deciles as of December 31, 2011 ........... 70

Education

Chart 21
Ratio of Residential Fixed Connections over 200 kbps in at Least One Direction

to Households by Share of College Graduates in Deciles as of December 31, 2011

(County Data) .................................................................................................................... 71
Chart 22
Subscribership Ratio Distributions by Share of Population with a College Degree

(in Deciles) as of December 31, 2011 ............................................................................... 72

Age

Chart 23
Ratio of Residential Fixed Connections over 200 kbps in at Least One Direction

to Households by Average Age in Deciles as of December 31, 2011 (County Data) ....... 73
Chart 24
Subscribership Ratio Distributions by Average Age of County Population

(in Deciles) as of December 31, 2011 .............................................................................. 74

Race

Chart 25
Ratio of Residential Fixed Connections over 200 kbps in at Least One Direction

to Households by Share White Alone in Deciles as of December 31, 2011

(County Data) .................................................................................................................... 75
Chart 26
Subscribership Ratio Distributions by Share White Alone (in Deciles)

as of December 31, 2011 ................................................................................................... 76

Technology and household density

Chart 27
Subscribership Ratios by Technology and Tract Household Density as of

December 31, 2011 ............................................................................................................ 77

Income and household density

Chart 28
Average Subscribership Ratios by Income and Household Density as of

December 31, 2011, by Tract ............................................................................................ 78
Chart 29
Median Ratios of Residential Fixed Connections over 200 kbps in at Least One

Direction to Households by Income and Density as of December 31, 2011 ..................... 79

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42

Chart 17

Ratio of Residential Fixed Connections over 200 kbps in at Least One Direction to Households

by Income Deciles as of December 31, 2011
(County Data)
0.80
0.79
0.70
0.70
0.69
0.68
0.64
0.64
0.63
0.60
0.61
0.59
0.58
0.56
0.55
0.53
0.52
0.50
0.50
0.50
0.48
i
o
at
0.46
R
i
p
sh
er
0.41
0.41
0.40
i
b
scr
b
u
S
0.30
0.20
0.10
0.00
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10

Lower Income Counties Ranked by Median Household Income, in Deciles Higher Income

Cumulative
Not Cumulative
This chart shows cumulativ e and non-cumulativ e subscribership ratios by income deciles. Counties were grouped into income deciles based on county median household income in 2009, as reported by the
Census Bureau. For each decile, the height of any red, non-cumulativ e bar represents the ratio of the sum of residential f ixed connections ov er 200 kbps in at least one direction across counties in the
decile to the sum of households across counties in the decile. The height of the blue, cumulativ e bar f or decile N represents the ratio of the sum of residential f ixed connections ov er 200 kbps in at least
one direction across all counties in decile N and all deciles less than N to the number of households in all the counties in decile N and deciles less than N.
Sources: FCC Form 477, Part VI; Geoly tics 2011 Block-Lev el Estimates (Households in 2011); and 2007-2011 ACS 5-y ear Estimates (Median household income).




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43

Chart 18

Subscribership Ratio Distributions by Income Deciles as of December 31, 2011

Subscribership Ratio
Average
0.39
0.45
0.48
0.51
0.54
0.57
0.57
0.61
0.64
0.72
Median
0.39
0.45
0.47
0.51
0.54
0.58
0.58
0.62
0.66
0.75
Max
1.0
0.9
0.8
0.7
Q3

Median
t
i
o
a 0.6
R
ip
Q1
h
r
s
e 0.5
r
i
b
c
s
b
u 0.4

S

0.3
0.2
0.1
Min
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10

Low er Incom e Median Household Incom e by Decile Higher Incom e

Note: Each box plot shows the distribution of residential subscribership to connections ov er 200 kbps in at least one direction f or counties in the income decile. Some of the f eatures are labeled,
but note also that + denotes the position of the av erageresidential subscribership ratio taken across all counties in the decile;
is the minimum observ ation abov e Q1-1.5(Q3-Q1); T is the maximum
observ ation below Q3+1.5(Q3-Q1); and is any data point bey ond Q1-1.5(Q3-Q1) or Q3+1.5(Q3-Q1). Ratios greater than 1 were set to 1.
Sources: FCC Form 477, Part VI; Geoly tics 2011 Block-Lev el Estimates (Households in 2011); and 2007-2011 ACS 5-y ear Estimates (Median household income).




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44

Chart 19

Ratio of Residential Fixed Connections over 200 kbps in at Least One Direction to Households

by Density Deciles as of December 31, 2011
(County Data)
0.80
0.73
0.70
0.69
0.68
0.63
0.62
0.60
0.58
0.57
0.54
0.54
0.54
0.54
0.54
0.54
0.53
0.53
0.52
0.52
0.52
0.52
0.50
0.51
i
o
at
R
i
p
sh
er 0.40
i
b
scr
b
u
S
0.30
0.20
0.10
0.00
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10

Lower Density Counties Ranked by Household Density, in Deciles Higher Density

Cumulative
Not Cumulative
This chart shows cumulativ e and non-cumulativ e subscribership ratios by density deciles. Counties were grouped into density deciles based on households per square mile, calculated as the ratio of
estimated county households in 2010 to county land area f rom the Census Bureau. For each decile, the height of any red, non-cumulativ e bar represents the ratio of the sum of residential f ixed connections
ov er 200 kbps in at least one direction across counties in the decile to the sum of households across counties in the decile. The height of the blue, cumulativ e bar f or decile N represents the ratio of
the sum of residential f ixed connections ov er 200 kbps in at least one direction across all counties in decile N and all deciles less than N to the number of households in all the counties in decile N
and deciles less than N.
Sources: FCC Form 477, Part VI; Geoly tics 2011 Block-Lev el Estimates (Households in 2011); and Census 2010 (County land area).




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Internet Access Services: Status as of December 31, 2011 69

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45

Chart 20

Subscribership Ratio Distributions by Density Deciles as of December 31, 2011

Subscribership Ratio
Average
0.53
0.53
0.47
0.47
0.48
0.51
0.55
0.60
0.66
0.67
Median
0.54
0.54
0.48
0.47
0.49
0.50
0.55
0.60
0.66
0.70
Max
1.0
0.9
0.8
0.7
Q3

t
i
o
a
Median
0.6
R
ip
h
Q1
r
s
e 0.5
r
i
b
c
s
b
u 0.4

S

0.3
0.2
Min
0.1
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10

Low er Density County Household Density by Decile Higher Density

Note: Each box plot shows the distribution of residential subscribership to connections ov er 200 kbps in at least one direction f or counties in the density decile. Some of the f eatures are labeled,
but note also that + denotes the position of the av erage residential subscribership ratio taken across all counties in the decile;
is the minimum observ ation abov e Q1-1.5(Q3-Q1); T is the maximum
observ ation below Q3+1.5(Q3-Q1); and is any data point bey ond Q1-1.5(Q3-Q1) or Q3+1.5(Q3-Q1). Ratios greater than 1 were set to 1.
Sources: FCC Form 477, Part VI; Geoly tics 2011 Block-Lev el Estimates (Households in 2011); and Census 2010 (County land area).




U.S. Federal Communications Commission
Internet Access Services: Status as of December 31, 2011 70

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46

Chart 21

Ratio of Residential Fixed Connections over 200 kbps in at Least One Direction to Households

by Share of College Graduates in Deciles as of December 31, 2011
(County Data)
0.80
0.77
0.70
0.70
0.68
0.65
0.63
0.62
0.60
0.59
0.58
0.57
0.55
0.53
0.53
0.50
0.51
0.49
0.49
i
o
at
0.46
0.47
R
0.45
i
p
sh
0.42
0.42
er 0.40
i
b
scr
b
u
S
0.30
0.20
0.10
0.00
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10

Lower Share Counties Ranked by Share of College Graduates, in Deciles Higher Share

Cumulative
Not Cumulative
This chart shows cumulativ e and non-cumulativ e subscribership ratios by county share of college graduates in deciles. Counties were grouped into deciles based on the share of the county population at
least 25 y ears of age with a college degree or higher educational attainment. For each decile, the height of any red, non-cumulativ e bar represents the ratio of the sum of residential f ixed connections ov er
200 kbps in at least one direction across counties in the decile to the sum of households across counties in the decile. The height of the blue, cumulativ e bar f or decile N represents the ratio of the sum of
residential f ixed connections ov er 200 kbps in at least one direction across all counties in decile N and all deciles less than N, to the number of households in all the counties in decile N and deciles
less than N.
Sources: FCC Form 477, Part VI; Geoly tics 2011 Block-Lev el Estimates (Households in 2011); and 2007-2011 ACS 5-y ear Estimates (County educational attainment).




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47

Chart 22

Subscribership Ratio Distributions by Share of Population with a College Degree (in Deciles) as of December 31, 2011

Subscribership Ratio
Average
0.41
0.43
0.46
0.50
0.54
0.55
0.58
0.60
0.66
0.74
Median
0.41
0.44
0.47
0.51
0.54
0.56
0.59
0.61
0.67
0.75
Max
1.0
0.9
0.8
0.7
Q3

Median
t
i
o
a 0.6
R
ip
Q1
h
r
s
e 0.5
r
i
b
c
s
b
u 0.4

S

0.3
0.2
0.1
Min
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10

Low er Share County Share of College Graduates by Decile Higher Share

Note: Each box plot shows the distribution of residential subscribership to connections ov er 200 kbps in at least one direction f or counties in the share decile. Some of the f eatures are labeled,
but note also that + denotes the position of the av erage residential subscribership ratio taken across all counties in the decile;
is the minimum observ ation abov e Q1-1.5(Q3-Q1); T is the maximum
observ ation below Q3+1.5(Q3-Q1); and is a data point bey ond Q1-1.5(Q3-Q1) or Q3+1.5(Q3-Q1). Ratios greater than 1 were set to 1.
Sources: FCC Form 477, Part VI; Geoly tics 2011 Block-Lev el Estimates (Households in 2011); and 2007-2011 ACS 5-y ear Estimates (County educational attainment).




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Internet Access Services: Status as of December 31, 2011 72

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48

Chart 23

Ratio of Residential Fixed Connections over 200 kbps in at Least One Direction to Households

by Average Age in Deciles as of December 31, 2011
(County Data)
0.80
0.70
0.71
0.71
0.69
0.69
0.69
0.68
0.69
0.69
0.68
0.68
0.67
0.67
0.68
0.68
0.68
0.67
0.66
0.63
0.62
0.60
0.61
0.50
i
o
at
R
i
p
sh
er 0.40
i
b
scr
b
u
S
0.30
0.20
0.10
0.00
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10

Lower Average Age Counties Ranked by Average Age, in Deciles Higher Average Age

Cumulative
Not Cumulative
This chart shows cumulativ e and non-cumulativ e subscribership ratios by county av erage age in deciles. Counties were grouped into deciles based on the av erage age of the county population. For each
decile, the height of any red, non-cumulativ e bar represents the ratio of the sum of residential f ixed connections ov er 200 kbps in at least one direction across counties in the decile to the sum of
households across counties in the decile. The height of the blue, cumulativ e bar f or decile N represents the ratio of the sum of residential f ixed connections ov er 200 kbps in at least one direction
across all counties in decile N and all deciles less than N, to the number of households in all the counties in decile N and deciles less than N.
Sources: FCC Form 477, Part VI; Geoly tics 2011 Block-Lev el Estimates (Households in 2011); and 2007-2011 ACS 5-y ear Estimates (County av erage age).




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Internet Access Services: Status as of December 31, 2011 73

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49

Chart 24

Subscribership Ratio Distributions by Average Age of County Population (in Deciles) as of December 31, 2011

Subscribership Ratio
Average
0.59
0.59
0.55
0.53
0.54
0.53
0.51
0.52
0.54
0.56
Median
0.62
0.60
0.56
0.52
0.54
0.52
0.51
0.53
0.55
0.57
Max
1.0
0.9
0.8
0.7

Q3
t
i
o
a 0.6
R
ip
h
Median
r
s
e 0.5
r
i
b
c
Q1
s
b
u 0.4

S

0.3
0.2
0.1
Min
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10

Low er Average Age County Average Age by Decile Higher Average Age

Note: Each box plot shows the distribution of residential subscribership to connections ov er 200 kbps in at least one direction f or counties in the av erage age decile. Some of the f eatures are labeled,
but note also that + denotes the position of the av erage residential subscribership ratio taken across all counties in the decile;
is the minimum observ ation abov e Q1-1.5(Q3-Q1); T is the maximum
observ ation below Q3+1.5(Q3-Q1); and is a data point bey ond Q1-1.5(Q3-Q1) or Q3+1.5(Q3-Q1). Ratios greater than 1 were set to 1.
Sources: FCC Form 477, Part VI; Geoly tics 2011 Block-Lev el Estimates (Households in 2011); and 2007-2011 ACS 5-y ear Estimates (County av erage age).




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50

Chart 25

Ratio of Residential Fixed Connections over 200 kbps in at Least One Direction to Households

by Share White Alone in Deciles as of December 31, 2011
(County Data)
0.80
0.71
0.70
0.69
0.69
0.69
0.69
0.69
0.69
0.68
0.68
0.69
0.68
0.69
0.68
0.68
0.68
0.66
0.64
0.60
0.61
0.58
0.54
0.50
i
o
at
R
i
p
sh
er 0.40
i
b
scr
b
u
S
0.30
0.20
0.10
0.00
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10

Lower Share Counties Ranked by Share of Population W hite, in Deciles Higher Share

Cumulative
Not Cumulative
This chart shows cumulativ e and non-cumulativ e subscribership ratios by the share of county population white alone in deciles. Counties were grouped into deciles based on the share of the county
population that reported their race as white alone. For each decile,the height of any red, non-cumulativ e bar represents the ratio of the sum of residential f ixed connections ov er 200 kbps in at least
one direction across counties in the decile to the sum of households across counties in the decile. The height of the blue, cumulativ e bar f or decile N represents the ratio of the sum of residential f ixed
connections ov er 200 kbps in at least one direction across all counties in decile N and all deciles less than N, to the number of households in all the counties in decile N and deciles less than N.
Sources: FCC Form 477, Part VI; Geoly tics 2011 Block-Lev el Estimates (Households in 2011); and 2007-2011 ACS 5-y ear Estimates (Race).




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51

Chart 26

Subscribership Ratio Distributions by Share White Alone (in Deciles) as of December 31, 2011

Subscribership Ratio
Average
0.46
0.51
0.55
0.58
0.59
0.58
0.58
0.56
0.54
0.52
Median
0.44
0.50
0.55
0.58
0.58
0.58
0.58
0.56
0.55
0.53
Max
1.0
0.9
0.8
0.7

Q3
t
i
o
a 0.6
R
Median
ip
h
r
s
e 0.5
Q1
r
i
b
c
s
b
u 0.4

S

0.3
0.2
Min
0.1
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10

Low er Share County Share White Alone by Decile Higher Share

Note: Each box plot shows the distribution of residential subscribership to connections ov er 200 kbps in at least one direction f or counties in each race decile. Counties were grouped into
deciles based on the share of the county population that reported their race as white alone. Some of the f eatures are labeled, but note also that + denotes the position of the av erage
residential subscribership ratio taken across all counties in the decile; is the minimum observ ation abov e Q1-1.5(Q3-Q1); T is the maximum observ ation below Q3+1.5(Q3-Q1); and
is a data point bey ond Q1-1.5(Q3-Q1) or Q3+1.5(Q3-Q1). Ratios greater than 1 were set to 1.
Sources: FCC Form 477, Part VI; Geoly tics 2011 Block-Lev el Estimates (Households in 2011); and 2007-2011 ACS 5-y ear Estimates (Race).




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52

Chart 27

Subscribership Ratios by Technology and Tract Household Density as of December 31, 2011

(Residential fixed connections over 200 kbps in at least one direction)
90
80
ns
t
i
o 70
c
e
n
on
C
d
e 60
pe
-
S
i
gh

H 50
d
e
i
x
l
F
t
i
a
n 40
e
i
d
s
e
R
of 30
ge
t
a
n
e
r
c
e 20

P

10
0
Lowest Density
Highest Density
aDSL
Cable Modem
FTTP
Satellite
Fixed Wireless
This chart shows subscribership ratios by technology and household density . Tracts were grouped into 100 density percentiles based on households per square mile, calculated as the ratio of
estimated tract households in 2011 to tract land area f rom the Census Bureau. For each percentile, the height of the bar represents the household-weighted av erage ratio of residential f ixed
connections to households across tracts in the percentile.
Sources: FCC Form 477, Part VI; Geoly tics 2011 Block-Lev el Estimates (Households in 2011); and Census 2010 (Tract land area).




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53

Chart 28

Average Subscribership Ratios by Income and Household Density as of December 31, 2011

(Residential fixed connections over 200 kbps in at least one direction by Tract)
100%
80%
60%
40%
20%
0%
Richest
Highest Density
Poorest
Lowest Density
This chart shows subscribership ratios by household density and income quantiles. Tracts were grouped into 400 density /income quantiles based on households per square mile, calculated as the ratio of
estimated tract households in 2011 to tract land area f rom the Census Bureau, and median household income. For each quantile, the height of the bar represents the household-weighted av erage ratio of
residential f ixed connections to households across tracts in the decile.
Sources: FCC Form 477, Part VI; Geoly tics 2011 Block-Lev el Estimates (Households in 2011); Census 2010 (Tract land area); 2007-2011 ACS 5-y ear Estimates (Median household income).




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Internet Access Services: Status as of December 31, 2011 78

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54

Chart 29

Median Ratios of Residential Fixed Connections over 200 kbps in at Least One Direction to Households by Income and Density

Tract Data as of December 31, 2011

100%
90%
80%
ds
hol
e
70%
s
u
o
H
to
60%
s
n
o
ti
c
e
50%
onn
C
of
40%
o
ti
a
R
n
a
30%
di
e
M
20%
10%
0%
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10

Low er Density Tract Density (Households per Square Mile) in Deciles Higher Density

Tract Median Income in Deciles
less than $27,617
$27,617 to $34,524
$34,524 to $39,861
$39,861 to $44,688
$44,688 to $50,231
$50,231 to $56,012
$56,012 to $63,801
$63,801 to $74,600
$74,600 to $92,321
more than $92,321
Sources: FCC Form 477, Part VI; Geoly tics 2011 Block-Lev el Estimates (Households in 2011); and 2007-2011 ACS 5-y ear Estimates (Median household income).




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Internet Access Services: Status as of December 31, 2011 79

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Technical Notes

General

Detailed information about FCC Form 477 reporting requirements is available ahttp://www.fcc.gov/form477">t www.fcc.gov/form477.

Wherever a number of providers is cited in this report, multiple Form 477 filers within a holding
company structure count as one provider.

Form 477 collects information about Internet access connections in service to end-user locations that are
advertised to deliver information to and/or from the end user – that is, in at least one direction – at transfer
rates (“speeds”) above 200 kilobits per second (kbps). Information is collected about connections in 72
speed tiers (nine upstream tiers and eight downstream) defined by ranges of upstream speeds and
downstream speeds. Connections are further categorized by the technology employed by the part of the
connection that terminates at the end-user location.

“End users” are residential, business, institutional, or government entities who use services for their own
purposes and who do not resell such services to other entities. Facilities-based providers report
information about connections they provide directly to their own end-user customers and also connections
that they provide to Internet Service Providers for resale to end users. For Form 477 purposes, the
facilities-based provider of a connection is the entity that owns the portion of the physical facility that
terminates at the end-user location, obtains an unbundled network element (UNE), special access line, or
other leased facility that terminates at the end-user location and provisions/equips it as a connection that
transfers information at rates over 200 kbps in at least one direction, or provisions/equips a wireless
channel that transfers information at rates over 200 kbps in at least one direction to the end-user location
over licensed spectrum or over spectrum that the provider uses on an unlicensed basis.

The mutually exclusive Form 477 technology categories are: asymmetric Digital Subscriber Line
(“aDSL” in this report), symmetric Digital Subscriber Line (“sDSL”), other wireline, cable modem,
optical fiber to the end-user premises (“FTTP”), satellite, fixed wireless (using licensed or unlicensed
spectrum), mobile wireless (using licensed or unlicensed spectrum), electric power line, and all other
(which is included to capture deployment of additional technologies over time). In the Form 477 data
collection, aDSL-based services delivered over fiber-to-the-node architecture are reported in the aDSL
category. The other wireline category comprises T1/DS1, T3/DS3, and other copper-based connections,
not elsewhere categorized, that deliver Internet access service at the end-user location. Ethernet
connections delivering Internet access service are reported in the other wireline category if the connection
terminates over copper and in the FTTP category if the connection terminates over fiber. Connections
deployed over hybrid fiber-coax (HFC) architecture are reported in the cable modem category. Wireless
ISPs (“WISPs”) report in the fixed wireless category if providing service to dispersed, fixed end-user
locations and report in the mobile wireless category if providing a commercial service that can be
received at any location within a service footprint. Wireless local area networks (such as Wi-Fi hotspots)
that only enable local distribution and sharing of a premises connection are not included, although the
shared premises connection is included.

Numbers of connections presented in this report are not adjusted for the number of persons at a single
end-user location who have access to, or who use, the Internet access services delivered over the
connection to that location.

U.S. Federal Communications Commission
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Numbers of residential connections are estimated based on the total connections and percentage-
residential connections information reported on Form 477.

Census tracts

Starting with data as of December 31, 2008, facilities-based providers of reportable fixed-location
Internet access connections must report connection counts and percentage residential information at the
census tract level of detail. Because of the inherent mobility of their service, facilities-based mobile
wireless providers do not report subscriber counts by census tract. Instead, they report the census tracts in
the state that best represent the areas where service is available over the provider’s own network, for each
of the speed tiers in which the provider offers service.

The census tract-level data summarized in this report were collected for tracts in the 2010 decennial
census. For the purposes of this report, there are 73,767 census tracts because we exclude census tracts
delineated specifically to cover large bodies of water.

About 110 of the census tracts have population but no households because the population resides in group
living quarters. For the purpose of estimating residential subscribership rates by census tract, we assume
these census tracts have no reportable residential Internet access service because persons residing in
group quarters would have Internet access over a business connection provided to the operator of the
group quarters. Therefore, these census tracts are included in the “zero” column.

Decline in reported mobile wireless connections between June 2008 and December 2008

Changed reporting instructions starting in December 2008 caused a one-time decrease in the reported
number of mobile wireless Internet access service connections, from about 60 million in June 2008 to
about 25 million in December 2008. For reporting periods through June 30, 2008, Form 477 had
instructed mobile wireless providers to report the number of subscribers whose mobile device (such as a
wireless modem laptop card, smartphone, or handset) was capable of sending or receiving data at speeds
above 200 kbps. The Commission found these instructions insufficiently precise to enable it to
determine, from the reported data, the number of subscribers making regular use of Internet access service
above 200 kbps as part of their mobile service package. Starting with the December 31, 2008 data,
therefore, Form 477 requires mobile wireless providers to report the number of subscribers that have a
capable device (as discussed above) for which the subscription includes a data plan for transferring, on a
monthly basis, either a specified or an unlimited amount of data to and from Internet sites of the
subscriber’s choice, and excluding subscribers whose choice of content is restricted to only customized-
for-mobile content (for example, text and multimedia messaging, or the capacity to download ringtones
and games).

Starting with the December 31, 2008, data, providers also must report, explicitly and separately, total
subscribers with a device capable of sending or receiving data at speeds above 200 kbps, irrespective of
the service plan purchased. The number of such devices reported for December 2008 was about 86
million. That figure is not directly comparable to mobile wireless connections reported for June 2008 or
earlier reporting periods, however, because individual providers – to a varying and largely unknown
degree – included or excluded subscribers with service plans for less than full Internet access in the earlier
data.

Finally, the Form 477 modifications adopted for the December 31, 2008, and later, data specify how
mobile wireless providers should distinguish between residential subscribers and other subscribers, and
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Internet Access Services: Status as of December 31, 2011 81

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some of these providers consequently reported a larger share of residential subscribers than they had
reported for earlier dates.

Ratios of residential fixed-location connections to households that exceed 100%

Starting with data as of December 31, 2008, information about connections over fixed-location
technologies must be reported for individual census tracts. This allows us to estimate the share of
households with fixed-location connections in individual census tracts by taking the ratio of the reported
number of fixed-location residential service connections to the estimated number of households. In the
year-end 2009 data, we continue to find “outlier” estimates at or above 100% and to find that the number
of outliers is substantially reduced when estimates are made for individual counties rather than for
individual census tracts.

Possible explanations of ratios at or above 100% include (1) geocoding misallocations of service locations
to census tracts; (2) proper allocation of connections to the county level by some filers, but improper
allocation of all connections to a single tract in the county; (3) possible overestimation of residential
connections in service plans for which the customer base is primarily residential; and (4) connections at
seasonally or occasionally occupied housing units, such as vacation homes, while the household is
counted elsewhere. The numbers of households in census tracts that were used to generate the estimated
ratios are themselves estimates (for 2010, from GeoLytics, Inc.), which could have an independent effect.

Maps showing number of providers by census tract

Readers of previous reports in this series may note certain differences in the provider-count maps in this
report as compared to maps for June 30, 2008 and earlier dates, which showed the number of providers by
5-digit geographical ZIP Code. The ZIP Code-based maps counted (at the holding company level) each
provider with any fixed-location connections (wired, terrestrial fixed wireless, or satellite) reported for the
ZIP Code and also any mobile wireless service provider who listed the ZIP Code as part of its service
area. By contrast, in this report we provide separate maps for providers (counted at the holding company
level) of fixed-location connections and for mobile wireless providers. Also, we present maps showing
the number of providers that reported any residential fixed-location connections, thereby excluding any
providers of exclusively business fixed-location connections in the census tract.

Maps showing residential subscribership rates by census tract

The two maps based on estimated Internet access connections over 200 kbps in at least one direction per
1,000 households (that is, estimated household subscribership, or adoption, rates) are not comparable to
ZIP Code-based maps developed from FCC Form 477 data for June 30, 2008 and earlier dates because
numbers of connections were never reported for individual ZIP Codes. Readers should note that these
two maps (1) exclude all connections identified as business connections and (2) necessarily exclude
residential mobile wireless connections (which are reported for the state but not for individual census
tracts).
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Internet Access Services: Status as of December 31, 2011 82

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Glossary

Term Definition

aDSL
Asymmetric Digital Subscriber Line: A digital local loop typically using
copper facilities and providing greater bandwidth in one direction than the
other.
Cable modem service
A service which offers customers access to the Internet over a cable
system.
Downstream speed
Speed of transmission from the Internet to the end user.
End users
Residential, business, institutional, or government entities who use
services for their own purposes and who do not resell such services to
other entities.
Facilities-based provider
Entity that owns the portion of the physical facility that terminates at the
end-user location, obtains an unbundled network element (UNE), special
access line, or other leased facility that terminates at the end-user location
and provisions/equips it as a connection that transfers information at rates
over 200 kbps in at least one direction, or provisions/equips a wireless
channel that transfers information at rates over 200 kbps in at least one
direction to the end-user location over licensed spectrum or over spectrum
that the provider uses on an unlicensed basis.
Fixed wireless
A radio communication service between specified fixed points.
Fixed-location technologies
All technologies other than terrestrial mobile wireless.
FTTH or FTTP
Fiber to the Home (Premises): A network access architecture in which
optical fiber is deployed all the way to the customer’s home (premises).
Internet access service
Service that provides end users access to the Internet.
ISPs
Internet Service Providers: Companies or organizations that provide
Internet access service (see above).
iVoIP
Interconnected Voice Over Internet Protocol: A service that enables real-
time, two-way voice communications; requires a broadband connection
from the user’s location; requires Internet-protocol compatible customer
premises equipment; and permits users generally to receive calls that
originate on the public switched telephone network and to terminate calls
to the public switched telephone network.
Mobile wireless service
A radio communication service between mobile and fixed stations, or
between mobile stations.
Mobile wireless provider
Provider of mobile wireless service (see above).
Other wireline
All copper-wire based technologies other than DSL technologies;
Ethernet over copper and T-1 are examples.
Power line
Internet access service delivered over electric power transmission lines.
Satellite communications
A telecommunications service provided via one or more satellite relays
and their associated uplinks and downlinks.
sDSL
Symmetric Digital Subscriber Line: DSL technology that provides equal
bandwidth for both uploads and downloads.

U.S. Federal Communications Commission
U.S. Federal Communications
Internet Access Services: Status as of December
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31, 2011 83
Access Services: Status as of December

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Speed tiers
Sub-groupings defined by ranges of upstream speeds and downstream
speeds.
Upstream speed
Speed of transmission from the end user to the Internet.
Wi-Fi hotspot
Wireless Fidelity: Generic term referring to any type of IEEE 802.11
wireless network. A hotspot is a small geographic area in which users can
gain access to a Wi-Fi network which in turn connects to the Internet.
Wireless service
Telephone, Internet, data, and other services provided to customers
through the transmission of signals over networks of radio towers.
Wireless service provider
Provider of wireless service (see above).
Wireless
Any means of electronic data transfer using electromagnetic means, most
telecommunications
commonly radio waves.
WISP
Wireless ISP: A company that provides end users with wireless access to
the Internet, most commonly by using radio spectrum designated for
unlicensed use.
WLAN
Wireless local area network: A WLAN uses radio waves to connect user
devices to a local area network (LAN), thereby extending an existing
wired LAN.

.
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Internet Access Services: Status as of December 31, 2011 84

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Customer Response

Publication: Internet Access Services: Status as of December 31, 2011

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Document Outline

• maps_110512.pdf
  • res_fixed_hs_subratio_110512_v1
  • res_fixed_btop_subratio_110512_v1
  • total_fixed_providers_110512_v1
  • residential_fixed_providers_110512_v1
  • residential_fixed_providers_nbp_110512_v1
  • total_providers_tmw_110512_v1
• IAS_body_12.14.12.pdf
  • maps_110512.pdf
    • res_fixed_hs_subratio_110512_v1
    • res_fixed_btop_subratio_110512_v1
    • total_fixed_providers_110512_v1
    • residential_fixed_providers_110512_v1
    • residential_fixed_providers_nbp_110512_v1
    • total_providers_tmw_110512_v1
  • maps_121212.pdf
    • res_fixed_hs_subratio_110512_v1
    • res_fixed_btop_subratio_110512_v1
    • total_fixed_providers_110512_v1
    • residential_fixed_providers_110512_v1
    • residential_fixed_providers_nbp_110512_v1
    • total_providers_tmw_110512_v1
• TEMP.pdf
  • Internet Access Services: Status as of December 31, 2011

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