Dioxins
Description
Dioxins are a class of chemical contaminants that are formed during combustion processes such as waste incineration, forest fires, and backyard trash burning, as well as during some industrial processes such as paper pulp bleaching and herbicide manufacturing. The most toxic chemical in the class is 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-para-dioxin (TCDD). The highest environmental concentrations of dioxin are usually found in soil and sediment, with much lower levels found in air and water.
Humans are primarily exposed to dioxins by eating food contaminated by these chemicals. Dioxin accumulates in the fatty tissues, where they may persist for months or years. People who have been exposed to high levels of dioxin have developed chloracne, a skin disease marked by severe acne-like pimples. Studies have also shown that chemical workers who are exposed to high levels of dioxins have an increased risk of cancer. Other studies of highly exposed populations show that dioxins can cause reproductive and developmental problems, and an increased risk of heart disease and diabetes. More research is needed to determine the long-term effects of low-level dioxin exposures on cancer risk, immune function, and reproduction and development.
What NIEHS is Doing on Dioxins
- Dioxin exposure cause transgenerational health effects (http://www.niehs.nih.gov/news/newsletter/2012/11/science-dioxin/index.htm)
- Applying 21st Century Toxicology to Green Chemical and Material Design - Workshop Presentations from the National Academies Standing Committee on Use of Emerging Science for Environmental Health Decisions
- Birnbaum talks science and strategy at Dioxin 2012 (http://www.niehs.nih.gov/news/newsletter/2012/10/science-dioxin/index.htm)
- Child Development and Environmental Toxins (633KB)
- Dioxins (959KB)
- Dioxins in Food Chain May Cause Poor Milk Production
- Dioxin Disrupts Prostate Development
- Birth Outcomes of Women Exposed to Dioxin in Seveso Italy
- Dioxin Mixtures Research by the National Toxiocology Program (NTP) at NIEHS
- Dioxin Receptor Important for Vascular Development
- Possible Role for the Ah Receptor in the Generation of Regulatory T Cells
- Seminar addresses developmental origins of immune disease (http://www.niehs.nih.gov/news/newsletter/2012/6/science-immune/index.htm)
General Information
- Environmental Health Perspectives, Environews by Topic: Dioxin
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