Currently, there is no universally accepted acronym for the lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender (LGBT) youth population. This is reflected in the diversity of acronyms used in writings by and about this population. It is important to note that although an acronym may be used as an umbrella term and the experiences and needs of LGBT youth are often grouped together, each of these letters represents a distinct population with particular experiences and concerns.¹ For example, some American Indian and Alaskan Native youth who do not identify as heterosexual and/or who do not define their gender based on Western practice may embrace “two-spirit” as a culturally specific identity.² In addition, challenges experienced by lesbian, gay, or bisexual youth may also be experienced by those questioning their sexual orientation or are perceived to be non-heterosexual. This is also true of youth who do not conform to expected gender behavior and norms, but who are not transgender.

Youth who are lesbian or gay are emotionally and physically attracted to others of the same sex, while youth who are bisexual are attracted to both males and females. In addition, some youth may embrace a gender identity that is different from their birth-assigned gender. These youth may identify as “transgender,” or may simply identify themselves using the gender they feel fits their identity. Youths’ sexual orientation and identity, as well as gender identity and expression, can affect their experiences in their homes, schools, communities, and workplaces. Understanding and expressing one’s sexual orientation, as well as developing a related identity, is a developmental process that varies across children and youth.

Although stories about LGBT youth experiencing support and acceptance from their families, peers, and communities are growing, challenges persist. LGBT youth, as well as youth who may be perceived as LGBT or gender nonconforming,³ may experience physical and emotional bias, violence, and discrimination from their families, or in their schools, employment, and communities.⁴ They may experience bias and feel depressed and isolated because of inadequate support at home, in school/work, and in their community. Consequently, they are more likely to commit suicide, be homeless, and use illegal drugs because of these environmental challenges.⁵ It is therefore important to be aware of available information and resources to address these challenges that affect some LGBT youth, while also acknowledging and building on their strengths and resilience.

Federal and local policies and practices are increasingly acknowledging and focusing on LGBT youth, and numerous national advocacy and other organizations are also giving greater attention to LGBT and questioning youth in their work.⁶ Encouraging greater acceptance and support for all youth, including those who are or are perceived to be LGBT, will make communities, schools, and other settings safer, better places for all youth.