OFFICE OF APPLIED STUDIES


U.S. DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES
Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration
http://dawninfo.samhsa.gov/

DRUG ABUSE WARNING NETWORK, 2004: SELECTED TABLES OF NATIONAL ESTIMATES OF DRUG-RELATED EMERGENCY DEPARTMENT VISITS

In August 2008, the Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA) released Drug Abuse Warning Network, 2006: National Estimates of Drug-Related Emergency Department Visits. This annual report included estimates for 2006 and comparisons of the emergency department estimates for 2004, 2005, and 2006. This report may be accessed on the Web at http://dawninfo.samhsa.gov/files/ED2006/DAWN2k6ED.pdf.

The 2006 estimates reflect several improvements made to the Drug Abuse Warning Network (DAWN) sampling and estimation methodology. To ensure comparability between estimates for 2004, 2005, and 2006, the improvements were applied retrospectively to 2004 and 2005 data, resulting in small changes as compared with early published estimates.

Tables for 2004 that have not already been published in the 2006 ED report are now available online. The 2004 tables and charts follow the same title and numbering system as the 2006 ED report. Links to the revised 2004 tables are provided below.

General information about DAWN is at http://dawninfo.samhsa.gov/. Information on other sources of data on substance abuse and mental health from SAMHSA's Office of Applied Studies (OAS) is located at http://samhsa.gov/data/.

LIST OF TABLES

Table 1 Drug misuse and abuse in ED visits in the U.S., by type of drug involvement: 2004

Table 2 Illicit drugs in ED visits: 2004

Table 3 Illicit drugs, by patient characteristics: 2004

Table 4 Alcohol in drug-related ED visits: 2004

Table 5 Alcohol in combination, by patient and visit characteristics: 2004

Table 6 Drugs most frequently reported with alcohol: 2004

Table 7 Alcohol in drug-related ED visits in patients under age 21: 2004

Table 8 Alcohol only (age < 21), by patient and visit characteristics: 2004

Table 9 Nonmedical use of pharmaceuticals: 2004

Table 10 Nonmedical use of pharmaceuticals, by patient and visit characteristics: 2004

Table 16 Suicide attempts: 2004

Table 17 Suicide attempts, by patient and visit characteristics: 2004

Table 19 Seeking detox: 2004

Table 20 Seeking detox, by patient and visit characteristics: 2004

Table C2 Drug-related ED visits, by type of case: 2004

Table C5 Population by age and gender: 2004

PUBLIC DOMAIN NOTICE

All material appearing in these tables is in the public domain and may be reproduced or copied without permission from SAMHSA. However, this publication may not be reproduced or distributed for a fee without the specific, written authorization of the Office of Communications, SAMHSA. Citation of the source is appreciated. Suggested citation:

Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration, Office of Applied Studies. Drug Abuse Warning Network, 2004: Selected Tables of National Estimates of Drug-Related Emergency Department Visits. Rockville, MD, 2009.

This publication was prepared by the Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration, Office of Applied Studies, and by RTI International under Contract No. 280-03-2602.

ORIGINATING OFFICE

Office of Applied Studies
Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration
1 Choke Cherry Road, Room 7-1044, Rockville, MD 20857
June 2009



Table 1
Drug misuse and abuse in ED visits in the U.S., by type of drug involvement: 2004
Drug involvement1 Estimated
visits2
Percent
of visits
Relative
standard
error (RSE)
95% Confidence interval
Lower
bound
- Upper
bound
1 The classification of drugs used in DAWN is derived from the Multum Lexicon, © 2007, Multum Information Services, Inc. The classification was modified to meet DAWN's unique requirements (2007). The Multum Licensing Agreement governing use of the Lexicon can be found on the Internet at http://www.multum.com.
2 These are estimates of ED visits based on a representative sample of non-Federal, short-stay hospitals with 24-hour EDs in the United States.
3 DAWN excludes alcohol-only visits for adults. Alcohol, when present with other drugs, is included for all ages.
SOURCE: Office of Applied Studies, SAMHSA, Drug Abuse Warning Network, 2004 (03/2008 update).
All types of drug misuse/abuse 1,619,054 100% 15.3 1,134,969 - 2,103,139
Illicit drugs only    502,136 31% 22.8    277,543 -    726,730
Alcohol only (age < 21)    150,988   9% 20.9      89,109 -    212,867
Pharmaceuticals only    336,987 21%   9.7    273,168 -    400,806
Combinations            
Illicit drugs with alcohol3    338,638 21% 39.0      79,555 -    597,722
Illicit drugs with pharmaceuticals    105,017   6% 10.5      83,463 -    126,571
Alcohol with pharmaceuticals    139,716   9%   7.3    119,790 -    159,643
Illicit drugs with alcohol and pharmaceuticals      45,571   3% 13.6      33,389 -      57,754
Table 2
Illicit drugs in ED visits: 2004
Drug category and selected drugs1 Estimated
visits2,3,4
Relative
standard
error (RSE)
95% Confidence interval
Lower
bound
- Upper
bound
1 The classification of drugs used in DAWN is derived from the Multum Lexicon, © 2007, Multum Information Services, Inc. The classification was modified to meet DAWN's unique requirements (2007). The Multum Licensing Agreement governing use of the Lexicon can be found on the Internet at http://www.multum.com.
2 These are estimates of ED visits based on a representative sample of non-Federal, short-stay hospitals with 24-hour EDs in the United States.
3 ED visits often involve multiple drugs. Such visits will appear multiple times in this table (e.g., a visit involving both cocaine and heroin will appear twice in this table). Summing ED visits as reported will produce incorrect and inflated counts of ED visits.
4 Three dots (…) indicate that an estimate with an RSE greater than 50% or an estimate less than 30 has been suppressed.
SOURCE: Office of Applied Studies, SAMHSA, Drug Abuse Warning Network, 2004 (03/2008 update).
Drug-related ED visits
Total drug misuse/abuse ED visits 1,619,054 15.3 1,134,969 - 2,103,139
ED visits, illicit drugs    991,363 24.4    517,931 - 1,464,795
Cocaine    475,425 23.5    256,761 -    694,089
Heroin    214,432 22.7    119,060 -    309,804
Marijuana    281,619 14.2    203,444 -    359,795
Stimulants    162,435 35.7    48,732 -    276,139
Amphetamines      34,085 21.1      19,986 -      48,184
Methamphetamine    132,576 44.4      17,233 -    247,918
MDMA (Ecstasy)      10,220 17.4        6,744 -      13,696
GHB        1,789 23.0           983 -        2,595
Flunitrazepam (Rohypnol)             …    …             … -             …
Ketamine             … 53.2             … -             …
LSD        2,146 24.0        1,135 -        3,156
PCP      31,342 48.2        1,750 -      60,934
Miscellaneous hallucinogens        3,150 24.6        1,630 -        4,669
Inhalants        9,523 19.1        5,949 -      13,097
Combinations not tabulated above (NTA)             … 74.1             … -             …
ED visits per 100,000 population
Total drug misuse/abuse ED visits        551.3 15.3        386.0 -        716.7
ED visits, illicit drugs        337.6 24.4         176.1 -        499.0
Cocaine        161.9 23.5          87.3 -        236.5
Heroin          73.0 22.7          40.5 -        105.5
Marijuana          95.9 14.2          69.2 -        122.6
Stimulants          55.3 35.7          16.6 -          94.0
Amphetamines          11.6 21.1            6.8 -          16.4
Methamphetamine          45.1 44.4            5.9 -          84.4
MDMA (Ecstasy)            3.5 17.4            2.3 -            4.7
GHB            0.6 23.0            0.3 -            0.9
Flunitrazepam (Rohypnol)            …    …            … -            …
Ketamine            … 53.2            … -            …
LSD            0.7 24.0            0.4 -            1.1
PCP          10.7 48.2            0.6 -          20.8
Miscellaneous hallucinogens            1.1 24.6            0.6 -            1.6
Inhalants            3.2 19.1            2.0 -            4.5
Combinations not tabulated above (NTA)            … 74.1            … -            …
Table 3
Illicit drugs, by patient characteristics: 2004
Patient characteristics Selected drugs1
All
illicits
Cocaine Heroin Marijuana Stimulants MDMA
(Ecstasy)
GHB LSD PCP
1 The classification of drugs used in DAWN is derived from the Multum Lexicon, © 2007, Multum Information Services, Inc. The classification was modified to meet DAWN's unique requirements (2007). The Multum Licensing Agreement governing use of the Lexicon can be found on the Internet at http://www.multum.com.
2 These are estimates of ED visits based on a representative sample of non-Federal, short-stay hospitals with 24-hour EDs in the United States.
3Three dots (…) indicate that an estimate with an RSE greater than 50% or an estimate less than 30 has been suppressed.
SOURCE: Office of Applied Studies, SAMHSA, Drug Abuse Warning Network, 2004 (03/2008 update).
Drug-related ED visits2,3
ED visits, illicit drugs 991,363 475,425 214,432 281,619 162,435 10,220 1,789 2,146 31,342
Gender                  
Male 658,301 302,591 148,708 192,844 101,367   5,592 1,384 1,895        …
Female 332,070 172,431   65,671   88,317   61,062   4,627    403      …   7,783
Unknown        992          …          …          …          …        …      …      …        …
Age                  
0-5 years     1,105          …          …          …          …        …      …      …        …
6-11 years          …          …          …          …          …        …      …      …        …
12-17 years   56,836   10,958     1,353   39,580   14,325   1,420      …      …        …
18-20 years   73,070   19,355   10,195   36,990   17,234   2,489      …    342   1,696
21-24 years 110,034   37,156   19,019   42,910   25,702   3,119    628      …   4,093
25-29 years 135,722   61,525   26,666   41,750   30,845   1,822    301    115        …
30-34 years 139,352   72,103   30,349   36,843   23,009      958    290      …   4,689
35-44 years 271,164 159,543   64,699   52,642   35,033      224    108      …        …
45-54 years 167,296   95,444   50,708   25,663   14,161        …      …      …        …
55-64 years   31,062   16,501   10,444     3,671     1,627        …      …      …        …
65 years and older     3,976     2,058        584          …          …        …      …      …        …
Unknown     1,167        546          …          …          …        …      …      …        …
Race/ethnicity                  
White 390,536 145,831   89,014 136,243   81,164   4,835 1,166 1,326        …
Black 292,997 203,643   50,162   67,706          …   2,747      …      …   6,345
Hispanic          …          …   34,387          …          …      935      …      92        …
Race/ethnicity not tabulated above (NTA)          …          …     1,157          …          …        …      …      …        …
Unknown 122,438   53,320   39,713   33,712   20,415   1,125    380      …   1,958
ED visits per 100,000 population2,3
ED visits, illicit drugs     337.6     161.9       73.0       95.9       55.3       3.5     0.6     0.7     10.7
Gender                  
Male     455.5     209.4     102.9     133.4       70.1       3.9     1.0     1.3      …
Female     222.7     115.6       44.0       59.2       40.9       3.1     0.3      …     5.2
Age                  
0-5 years         4.6          …          …          …          …        …      …      …        …
6-11 years          …          …          …          …          …        …      …      …        …
12-17 years     224.0       43.2         5.3     156.0       56.5       5.6      …      …        …
18-20 years     591.6     156.7       82.6     299.5     139.5     20.2      …     2.8     13.7
21-24 years     651.3     219.9     112.6     254.0     152.1     18.5     3.7      …     24.2
25-29 years     693.8     314.5     136.3     213.4     157.7       9.3     1.5     0.6        …
30-34 years     680.7     352.2     148.3     180.0     112.4       4.7     1.4      …     22.9
35-44 years     614.8     361.7     146.7     119.3       79.4       0.5     0.2      …        …
45-54 years     402.0     229.3     121.8       61.7       34.0        …      …      …        …
55-64 years     106.8       56.7       35.9       12.6         5.6        …      …      …        …
65 years and older       11.0         5.7         1.6          …          …        …      …      …        …
Table 4
Alcohol in drug-related ED visits: 2004
Drug category and selected drugs1 Estimated
visits2,3
Relative
standard
error (RSE)
95% Confidence interval
Lower
bound
- Upper
bound
1 The classification of drugs used in DAWN is derived from the Multum Lexicon, © 2007, Multum Information Services, Inc. The classification was modified to meet DAWN's unique requirements (2007). The Multum Licensing Agreement governing use of the Lexicon can be found on the Internet at http://www.multum.com.
2 These are estimates of ED visits based on a representative sample of non-Federal, short-stay hospitals with 24-hour EDs in the United States.
3 Estimates are all expressed in visits.
SOURCE: Office of Applied Studies, SAMHSA, Drug Abuse Warning Network, 2004 (03/2008 update).
Total drug misuse/abuse ED visits 1,619,054 15.3 1,134,969 - 2,103,139
ED visits, alcohol    674,914 22.6    375,821 -    974,007
Alcohol in combination    523,926 23.6    281,302 -    766,550
Alcohol alone    150,988 20.9      89,109 -    212,867
Table 5
Alcohol in combination, by patient and visit characteristics: 2004
Patient characteristics Estimated
visits1,2
Visit characteristics Estimated
visits1,2
1 These are estimates of ED visits based on a representative sample of non-Federal, short-stay hospitals with 24-hour EDs in the United States.
2 Three dots (…) indicate that an estimate with an RSE greater than 50% or an estimate less than 30 has been suppressed.
SOURCE: Office of Applied Studies, SAMHSA, Drug Abuse Warning Network, 2004 (03/2008 update).
ED visits, alcohol in combination 523,926    
Gender   Number of drugs involved  
Male 331,177 Single drug  
Female 192,015 Multiple drugs 523,926
Unknown          … Alcohol involved 523,926
Age   Disposition  
0-5 years          … Treated and released 261,107
6-11 years          … Discharged home 211,932
12-17 years   21,555 Released to police/jail   14,976
18-20 years   31,926 Referred to detox/treatment   34,199
21-24 years   53,254 Admitted to this hospital 216,061
25-29 years   71,018 ICU/critical care   27,525
30-34 years   73,511 Surgery        656
35-44 years 155,781 Chemical dependency/detox   15,718
45-54 years   92,437 Psychiatric unit          …
55-64 years   19,166 Other inpatient unit   81,633
65 years and older     3,898 Other disposition   46,759
Unknown          … Transferred   35,012
Race/ethnicity   Left against medical advice     5,967
White 237,444 Died          …
Black 131,174 Other     3,009
Hispanic          … Not documented     2,169
Race/ethnicity not tabulated above (NTA)          …    
Unknown   58,558    
Table 6
Drugs most frequently reported with alcohol: 2004
Drugs reported with alcohol1 Estimated visits2,3
1 The classification of drugs used in DAWN is derived from the Multum Lexicon, © 2007, Multum Information Services, Inc. The classification was modified to meet DAWN's unique requirements (2007). The Multum Licensing Agreement governing use of the Lexicon can be found on the Internet at http://www.multum.com.
2 These are estimates of ED visits based on a representative sample of non-Federal, short-stay hospitals with 24-hour EDs in the United States.
3 Three dots (…) indicate that an estimate with an RSE greater than 50% or an estimate less than 30 has been suppressed.
SOURCE: Office of Applied Studies, SAMHSA, Drug Abuse Warning Network, 2004 (03/2008 update).
No other drug 150,988
Cocaine only 141,223
Marijuana only   60,455
Cocaine and marijuana only   23,978
Heroin only   31,990
Stimulants only   …
Alprazolam only     9,337
Cocaine and heroin only   11,192
Table 7
Alcohol in drug-related ED visits in patients under age 21: 2004
Drug category and selected drugs1 Estimated visits2 Relative
standard
error (RSE)
95% Confidence interval
Lower
bound
- Upper
bound
1 The classification of drugs used in DAWN is derived from the Multum Lexicon, © 2007, Multum Information Services, Inc. The classification was modified to meet DAWN's unique requirements (2007). The Multum Licensing Agreement governing use of the Lexicon can be found on the Internet at http://www.multum.com.
2 These are estimates of ED visits based on a representative sample of non-Federal, short-stay hospitals with 24-hour EDs in the United States.
SOURCE: Office of Applied Studies, SAMHSA, Drug Abuse Warning Network, 2004 (03/2008 update).
Patients aged 12-17
ED visits, alcohol   67,589 12.2 51,466 -   83,712
Alcohol in combination   21,555 15.9 14,854 -   28,255
Alcohol alone   46,034 12.0 35,201 -   56,867
Patients aged 18-20
ED visits, alcohol 135,313 23.4 73,189 - 197,437
Alcohol in combination   31,926 13.6 23,435 -   40,416
Alcohol alone 103,387 27.2 48,343 - 158,432
Table 8
Alcohol only (age < 21), by patient and visit characteristics: 2004
Patient characteristics Estimated
visits1,2
Visit characteristics Estimated
visits1,2
1 These are estimates of ED visits based on a representative sample of non-Federal, short-stay hospitals with 24-hour EDs in the United States.
2 Three dots (…) indicate that an estimate with an RSE greater than 50% or an estimate less than 30 has been suppressed.
3 This table is limited to ED visits classified as "alcohol only (age < 21)" and excludes visits classified as either "suicide attempt" or "seeking detox." Therefore, the estimate of total visits is slightly lower than reported in Table 4.
SOURCE: Office of Applied Studies, SAMHSA, Drug Abuse Warning Network, 2004 (03/2008 update).
ED visits, alcohol only (age < 21)3 148,490    
Gender   Number of drugs involved  
Male   99,966 Single drug 148,490
Female   48,373 Multiple drugs  
Unknown          … Alcohol involved 148,490
Age   Disposition  
0-5 years          … Treated and released 113,374
6-11 years          … Discharged home 103,697
12-17 years   45,138 Released to police/jail     6,804
18-20 years 101,785 Referred to detox/treatment     2,872
21-24 years   Admitted to this hospital          …
25-29 years   ICU/critical care     4,571
30-34 years   Surgery          …
35-44 years   Chemical dependency/detox          …
45-54 years   Psychiatric unit     1,128
55-64 years   Other inpatient unit          …
65 years and older   Other disposition     7,471
Unknown   Transferred     4,553
Race/ethnicity   Left against medical advice     1,498
White   71,700 Died          …
Black   11,686 Other        530
Hispanic          … Not documented          …
Race/ethnicity not tabulated above (NTA)     2,031    
Unknown   19,746    
Table 9
Nonmedical use of pharmaceuticals: 2004
Selected drug categories and selected drugs1 Estimated
visits2,3,4
Relative
standard
error (RSE)
95% Confidence interval
Lower
bound
- Upper
bound
1 The classification of drugs used in DAWN is derived from the Multum Lexicon, © 2007, Multum Information Services, Inc. The classification was modified to meet DAWN's unique requirements (2007). The Multum Licensing Agreement governing use of the Lexicon can be found on the Internet at http://www.multum.com.
2 These are estimates of ED visits based on a representative sample of non-Federal, short-stay hospitals with 24-hour EDs in the United States.
3 ED visits often involve multiple drugs. Such visits will appear multiple times in this table (e.g., a visit involving oxycodone and hydrocodone will appear twice in this table). Summing ED visits as reported will produce incorrect and inflated counts of ED visits.
4 Three dots (…) indicate that an estimate with an RSE greater than 50% or an estimate less than 30 has been suppressed.
SOURCE: Office of Applied Studies, SAMHSA, Drug Abuse Warning Network, 2004 (03/2008 update).
ED visits, nonmedical use 536,247   8.3 448,688 - 623,806
PSYCHOTHERAPEUTIC AGENTS 247,324 10.1 198,561 - 296,086
Antidepressants   66,917 10.7   52,899 -   80,935
MAO inhibitors          …    …          … -          …
SSRI antidepressants   32,285   9.7   26,173 -   38,398
Tricyclic antidepressants   12,412 19.2     7,734 -   17,089
Miscellaneous antidepressants     9,414 19.8     5,765 -   13,063
Antipsychotics   35,198 11.4   27,300 -   43,096
Anxiolytics, sedatives, and hypnotics 177,394 11.1 138,801 - 215,986
Barbiturates   11,721 25.9     5,776 -   17,666
Benzodiazepines 143,546 11.8 110,329 - 176,764
Alprazolam   46,526 13.8   33,960 -   59,091
Clonazepam   28,178 11.7   21,721 -   34,635
Diazepam   15,619 16.8   10,488 -   20,750
Lorazepam   17,674 13.6   12,979 -   22,369
Benzodiazepines NOS   36,039 21.0   21,218 -   50,861
Misc. anxiolytics, sedatives, and hypnotics   31,554 13.1   23,449 -   39,659
Diphenhydramine   10,452 17.5     6,865 -   14,039
Hydroxyzine     2,363 39.8        520 -     4,206
Zolpidem   12,792 15.7     8,865 -   16,718
Anxiolytics, sedatives, and hypnotics NOS     2,657 19.0     1,669 -     3,644
CNS stimulants     9,801 18.4     6,259 -   13,342
Amphetamine-dextroamphetamine     2,303 29.6        969 -     3,638
Caffeine     2,736 27.6     1,256 -     4,216
Dextroamphetamine          …    …          … -          …
Methylphenidate     2,446 20.8     1,450 -     3,441
CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM AGENTS 282,296   9.0 232,497 - 332,095
Analgesics 241,578   9.1 198,355 - 284,801
Antimigraine agents        868 40.6        177 -     1,559
Cox-2 inhibitors     1,935 27.9        878 -     2,992
Opiates/opioids 172,726 10.7 136,497 - 208,956
Opiates/opioids, unspecified   31,846 17.6   20,882 -   42,810
Narcotic analgesics 144,644 10.6 114,508 - 174,779
Buprenorphine/combinations          … 54.2          … -          …
Codeine/combinations     7,171 17.1     4,763 -     9,579
Fentanyl/combinations     9,823 20.9     5,797 -   13,849
Hydrocodone/combinations   39,844 12.4   30,154 -   49,535
Hydromorphone/combinations     3,385 30.6     1,357 -     5,413
Meperidine/combinations        782 40.3        164 -     1,401
Methadone   36,806 12.0   28,151 -   45,461
Morphine/combinations   13,966 24.7     7,198 -   20,735
Oxycodone/combinations   41,701 15.6   28,915 -   54,487
Propoxyphene/combinations     6,744 19.1     4,220 -     9,268
Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agents   27,362   9.3   22,369 -   32,356
Ibuprofen   22,127   9.2   18,151 -   26,103
Naproxen     4,715 23.8     2,512 -     6,918
Salicylates/combinations     9,580 18.1     6,174 -   12,985
Miscellaneous analgesics/combinations   44,857 11.4   34,797 -   54,917
Acetaminophen/combinations   39,167 11.7   30,157 -   48,178
Tramadol/combinations     4,849 20.7     2,885 -     6,813
Tramadol     3,948 25.6     1,965 -     5,931
Acetaminophen-tramadol        909 28.0        410 -     1,408
Analgesic combinations not tabulated above (NTA)        977 32.6        352 -     1,602
Anorexiants          … 51.9          … -          …
Anticonvulsants   28,652 15.8   19,800 -   37,505
Antiemetic/antivertigo agents     1,678 31.6        638 -     2,719
Anti-Parkinson agents     2,472 25.1     1,257 -     3,688
General anesthetics          …    …          … -          …
Muscle relaxants   25,934 12.4   19,647 -   32,221
Carisoprodol   14,736 16.2   10,047 -   19,426
Cyclobenzaprine     6,183 14.5     4,430 -     7,935
Miscellaneous CNS agents        869 38.9        206 -     1,533
RESPIRATORY AGENTS   22,286 15.4   15,563 -   29,009
Antihistamines     5,761 11.3     4,487 -     7,035
Bronchodilators     2,294 34.7        734 -     3,854
Decongestants     1,864 29.8        774 -     2,954
Expectorants        832 36.1        243 -     1,421
Upper respiratory combinations   10,314 23.9     5,478 -   15,150
Respiratory agents NTA     2,903 33.2     1,014 -     4,793
CARDIOVASCULAR AGENTS   27,396 13.0   20,389 -   34,402
Antiadrenergic agents, centrally acting     3,616 15.5     2,517 -     4,715
Beta-adrenergic blocking agents     7,094 17.5     4,664 -     9,525
Calcium channel blocking agents     3,115 19.0     1,955 -     4,275
Diuretics     3,625 19.6     2,230 -     5,020
Cardiovascular agents NTA   14,930 16.7   10,035 -   19,824
Table 10
Nonmedical use of pharmaceuticals, by patient and visit characteristics: 2004
Patient characteristics Estimated
visits1,2
Visit characteristics Estimated
visits1,2
1 These are estimates of ED visits based on a representative sample of non-Federal, short-stay hospitals with 24-hour EDs in the United States.
2 Three dots (…) indicate that an estimate with an RSE greater than 50% or an estimate less than 30 has been suppressed.
SOURCE: Office of Applied Studies, SAMHSA, Drug Abuse Warning Network, 2004 (03/2008 update).
ED visits, nonmedical use 536,247    
Gender   Number of drugs involved  
Male 239,104 Single drug 237,877
Female 296,565 Multiple drugs 298,370
Unknown          …    
Age   Disposition  
0-5 years     4,196 Treated and released 304,715
6-11 years     1,933 Discharged home 273,058
12-17 years   56,324 Released to police/jail     9,146
18-20 years   42,023 Referred to detox/treatment   22,510
21-24 years   47,765 Admitted to this hospital 172,837
25-29 years   52,894 ICU/critical care   50,032
30-34 years   55,965 Surgery        727
35-44 years 117,809 Chemical dependency/detox          …
45-54 years   88,186 Psychiatric unit   44,383
55-64 years   32,932 Other inpatient unit   74,289
65 years and older   35,095 Other disposition   58,696
Unknown          … Transferred   42,389
Race/ethnicity   Left against medical advice     8,983
White 337,699 Died     1,222
Black   60,897 Other     3,258
Hispanic   36,817 Not documented     2,844
Race/ethnicity not tabulated above (NTA)     6,788    
Unknown   94,047    
Table 16
Suicide attempts: 2004
Drug category and selected drugs1 Estimated
visits2,3,4
Relative
standard
error (RSE)
95% Confidence interval
Lower
bound
- Upper
bound
1 The classification of drugs used in DAWN is derived from the Multum Lexicon, © 2007, Multum Information Services, Inc. The classification was modified to meet DAWN's unique requirements (2007). The Multum Licensing Agreement governing use of the Lexicon can be found on the Internet at http://www.multum.com.
2 These are estimates of ED visits based on a representative sample of non-Federal, short-stay hospitals with 24-hour EDs in the United States.
3 Three dots (…) indicate that an estimate with an RSE greater than 50% or an estimate less than 30 has been suppressed.
4 This column denotes statistically significant (p < 0.05) increases or decreases between estimates for the periods shown.
SOURCE: Office of Applied Studies, SAMHSA, Drug Abuse Warning Network, 2004 (03/2008 update).
Total drug-related ED visits, suicide attempts 161,586   9.7 130,829 - 192,343
Major substances of abuse
Alcohol   48,726   9.3   39,836 -   57,617
Alcohol in combination   48,080   9.4   39,267 -   56,893
Alcohol alone        646 31.5        248 -     1,045
Non-alcohol illicits   34,763 17.6   22,738 -   46,787
Cocaine   19,520 24.3   10,231 -   28,808
Heroin     4,579 21.1     2,682 -     6,475
Marijuana   12,074 15.1     8,502 -   15,646
Stimulants     4,535 29.1     1,951 -     7,120
Amphetamines     1,560 46.5        139 -     2,981
Methamphetamine     3,136 33.4     1,085 -     5,186
MDMA (Ecstasy)          … 54.0          … -          …
GHB          …    …          … -          …
Flunitrazepam (Rohypnol)          …    …          … -          …
Ketamine          …    …          … -          …
LSD          …    …          … -          …
PCP          … 55.7          … -          …
Miscellaneous hallucinogens          …    …          … -          …
Inhalants          …    …          … -          …
Combinations not tabulated above (NTA)          …    …          … -          …
Other substances
PSYCHOTHERAPEUTIC AGENTS   88,034 10.8   69,482 - 106,587
Antidepressants   33,366 13.4   24,629 -   42,103
MAO inhibitors          …    …          … -          …
SSRI antidepressants   18,513 14.6   13,211 -   23,814
Tricyclic antidepressants     3,555 20.2     2,145 -     4,965
Miscellaneous antidepressants     3,337 18.0     2,162 -     4,512
Antipsychotics   17,807 16.8   11,946 -   23,667
Anxiolytics, sedatives, and hypnotics   52,653 10.4   41,948 -   63,358
Barbiturates     1,949 34.1        645 -     3,252
Benzodiazepines   36,995 10.8   29,200 -   44,789
Alprazolam   11,354 14.3     8,164 -   14,543
Clonazepam     9,403 18.9     5,923 -   12,882
Diazepam     4,630 28.0     2,085 -     7,174
Lorazepam     6,065 20.1     3,679 -     8,451
Benzodiazepines NOS     4,427 31.5     1,692 -     7,162
Misc. anxiolytics, sedatives, and hypnotics   16,790 13.3   12,401 -   21,179
Diphenhydramine     7,458 25.0     3,797 -   11,119
Hydroxyzine     2,346 22.6     1,307 -     3,384
Zolpidem     4,355 16.2     2,969 -     5,741
Anxiolytics, sedatives, and hypnotics NOS     1,859 27.2        869 -     2,850
CNS stimulants     1,654 26.5        794 -     2,513
Amphetamine-dextroamphetamine          …    …          … -          …
Caffeine          …    …          … -          …
Dextroamphetamine          …    …          … -          …
Methylphenidate          …    …          … -          …
CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM AGENTS   73,949 11.3   57,623 -   90,275
Analgesics   61,095 11.3   47,544 -   74,646
Antimigraine agents          …    …          … -          …
Cox-2 inhibitors        807 39.2        186 -     1,428
Opiates/opioids   18,939 12.0   14,466 -   23,411
Opiates/opioids, unspecified     2,363 31.2        919 -     3,808
Narcotic analgesics   16,928 12.0   12,953 -   20,903
Buprenorphine/combinations          …    …          … -          …
Codeine/combinations     1,750 27.9        793 -     2,707
Fentanyl/combinations          …    …          … -          …
Hydrocodone/combinations     7,034 14.3     5,065 -     9,004
Hydromorphone/combinations          …    …          … -          …
Meperidine/combinations          …    …          … -          …
Methadone     1,287 40.9        255 -     2,318
Morphine/combinations        714 40.5        147 -     1,280
Oxycodone/combinations     5,340 14.5     3,819 -     6,862
Propoxyphene/combinations     1,888 35.7        565 -     3,210
Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agents   19,114 17.4   12,611 -   25,618
Ibuprofen   13,609 18.2     8,762 -   18,456
Naproxen     4,383 25.6     2,183 -     6,584
Salicylates/combinations     6,211 18.8     3,917 -     8,505
Miscellaneous analgesics/combinations   22,864 12.9   17,085 -   28,643
Acetaminophen/combinations   20,701 13.2   15,360 -   26,043
Tramadol/combinations     1,742 28.6        765 -     2,719
Tramadol     1,528 31.7        577 -     2,479
Acetaminophen-tramadol          …    …          … -          …
Analgesic combinations NTA          …    …          … -          …
Anorexiants          …     …          … -          …
Anticonvulsants   10,957 15.8     7,569 -   14,345
Antiemetic/antivertigo agents          …    …          … -          …
Anti-Parkinson agents          80 22.8          44 -        115
General anesthetics          …    …          … -          …
Muscle relaxants     5,921 19.0     3,713 -     8,128
Carisoprodol     1,864 28.7        816 -     2,912
Cyclobenzaprine     2,966 22.9     1,634 -     4,299
Miscellaneous CNS agents          …    …          … -          …
RESPIRATORY AGENTS     8,361 18.5     5,335 -   11,386
Antihistamines     2,059 39.4        468 -     3,651
Bronchodilators          …    …          … -          …
Decongestants          … 70.3          … -          …
Expectorants          …    …          … -          …
Upper respiratory combinations     4,818 16.2     3,292 -     6,343
Respiratory agents NTA          …    …          … -          …
CARDIOVASCULAR AGENTS     7,667 21.9     4,376 -   10,958
Antiadrenergic agents, centrally acting        995 31.8        376 -     1,615
Beta-adrenergic blocking agents     2,105 29.5        889 -     3,322
Calcium channel blocking agents        879 39.2        204 -     1,554
Diuretics          … 51.7          … -          …
Cardiovascular agents NTA     3,661 24.4     1,907 -     5,415
Table 17
Suicide attempts, by patient and visit characteristics: 2004
Patient characteristics Estimated
visits1,2
Visit characteristics Estimated
visits1,2
1 These are estimates of ED visits based on a representative sample of non-Federal, short-stay hospitals with 24-hour EDs in the United States.
2 Three dots (…) indicate that an estimate with an RSE greater than 50% or an estimate less than 30 has been suppressed.
SOURCE: Office of Applied Studies, SAMHSA, Drug Abuse Warning Network, 2004 (03/2008 update).
Total drug-related ED visits, suicide attempts 161,586    
Gender   Number of drugs involved  
Male   62,363 Single drug   62,269
Female   99,210 Multiple drugs   99,317
Unknown          …    
Age   Disposition  
0-5 years          … Treated and released   37,430
6-11 years          … Discharged home   28,705
12-17 years   21,584 Released to police/jail     1,388
18-20 years   14,655 Referred to detox/treatment     7,337
21-24 years   15,645 Admitted to this hospital   85,936
25-29 years   18,932 ICU/critical care   27,771
30-34 years   17,973 Surgery          …
35-44 years   36,551 Chemical dependency/detox        152
45-54 years   28,286 Psychiatric unit   34,268
55-64 years     5,903 Other inpatient unit   23,594
65 years and older     2,008 Other disposition   38,219
Unknown          … Transferred   36,457
Race/ethnicity   Left against medical advice        683
White   92,582 Died          …
Black          … Other        398
Hispanic   16,543 Not documented        422
Race/ethnicity not tabulated above (NTA)     1,277    
Unknown   19,040    
Table 19
Seeking detox: 2004
Drug category and selected drugs1 Estimated
visits2,3,4
Relative
standard
error (RSE)
95% Confidence interval
Lower
bound
- Upper
bound
1 The classification of drugs used in DAWN is derived from the Multum Lexicon, © 2007, Multum Information Services, Inc. The classification was modified to meet DAWN's unique requirements (2007). The Multum Licensing Agreement governing use of the Lexicon can be found on the Internet at http://www.multum.com.
2 These are estimates of ED visits based on a representative sample of non-Federal, short-stay hospitals with 24-hour EDs in the United States.
3 Estimates are all expressed in visits. Visits cannot be summed across drugs because drug-related visits often involve multiple drugs.
4 Three dots (…) indicate that an estimate with an RSE greater than 50% or an estimate less than 30 has been suppressed.
SOURCE: Office of Applied Studies, SAMHSA, Drug Abuse Warning Network, 2004 (03/2008 update).
Total drug-related ED visits, seeking detox 141,867 12.9 106,039 - 177,695
Major substance of abuse
Alcohol   53,662 11.8   41,287 -   66,038
Alcohol in combination   51,831 12.8   38,803 -   64,859
Alcohol alone          … 60.8          … -          …
Non-alcohol illicits 110,792 13.7   81,062 - 140,523
Cocaine   62,989 11.4   48,888 -   77,091
Heroin   47,035 19.4   29,143 -   64,927
Marijuana   25,965 24.9   13,306 -   38,625
Stimulants   11,760 48.3        635 -   22,885
Amphetamines          … 55.4          … -          …
Methamphetamine          … 51.0          … -          …
MDMA (Ecstasy)        882 40.2        187 -     1,578
GHB          …    …          … -          …
Flunitrazepam (Rohypnol)          …    …          … -          …
Ketamine          …    …          … -          …
LSD          …    …          … -          …
PCP        827 28.0        373 -     1,282
Miscellaneous hallucinogens          …    …          … -          …
Inhalants          …    …          … -          …
Combinations not tabulated above (NTA)          …    …          … -          …
Table 20
Seeking detox, by patient and visit characteristics: 2004
Patient characteristics Estimated
visits1,2
Visit characteristics Estimated
visits1,2
1 These are estimates of ED visits based on a representative sample of non-Federal, short-stay hospitals with 24-hour EDs in the United States.
2 Three dots (…) indicate that an estimate with an RSE greater than 50% or an estimate less than 30 has been suppressed.
SOURCE: Office of Applied Studies, SAMHSA, Drug Abuse Warning Network, 2004 (03/2008 update).
Total drug-related ED visits, seeking detox 141,867    
Gender   Number of drugs involved  
Male   93,093 Single drug   53,304
Female   48,753 Multiple drugs   88,563
Unknown          …    
Age   Disposition  
0-5 years          … Treated and released   80,743
6-11 years          … Discharged home   33,484
12-17 years     3,904 Released to police/jail     2,397
18-20 years   12,204 Referred to detox/treatment   44,861
21-24 years   14,772 Admitted to this hospital   44,676
25-29 years   20,037 ICU/critical care          …
30-34 years   20,819 Surgery          …
35-44 years   41,670 Chemical dependency/detox   28,035
45-54 years   24,056 Psychiatric unit   10,534
55-64 years     3,737 Other inpatient unit     5,710
65 years and older        423 Other disposition   16,448
Unknown          … Transferred   12,003
Race/ethnicity   Left against medical advice     1,791
White   82,401 Died          …
Black   28,558 Other     1,385
Hispanic   10,516 Not documented     1,269
Race/ethnicity not tabulated above (NTA)        659    
Unknown   19,733    
Table C2
Drug-related ED visits, by type of case: 2004
Type of case Unweighted
sample data
Weighted
estimates1
Relative
standard
error (RSE)
95% Confidence interval
Lower
bound
- Upper
bound
1 These are estimates based on a representative sample of non-Federal, short-stay hospitals with 24-hour EDs in the United States.
2 These are estimates of drugs. A single ED visit may involve multiple drugs.
SOURCE: Office of Applied Studies, SAMHSA, Drug Abuse Warning Network, 2004 (03/2008 update).
Drug-related ED visits
Suicide attempt     9,002    161,586   9.7    130,829 -    192,343
Seeking detox   17,513    141,867 12.9    106,039 -    177,695
Alcohol only (age < 21)    7,266    148,490 20.6       88,436 -    208,543
Adverse reaction   41,451    749,805 15.0    529,114 -    970,495
Overmedication   17,032    260,678 10.5    206,962 -    314,394
Malicious poisoning        475        5,772 16.6        3,893 -        7,652
Accidental ingestion     3,381      69,812 12.0      53,362 -      86,262
Other   72,721    999,712 24.1    527,543 - 1,471,881
Total drug-related ED visits 168,841 2,537,722   8.8 2,101,455 - 2,973,988
Drugs2
Suicide attempt   18,938    339,959 11.0    266,615 -    192,343
Seeking detox   34,338    278,073 14.2    200,564 -    355,583
Alcohol only (age < 21)     7,266    148,490 20.6    88,436 -    208,543
Adverse reaction   55,255    941,931 14.9    667,662 - 1,216,200
Overmedication   29,750    474,909 11.4    368,924 -    580,895
Malicious poisoning        851        9,934 17.1        6,604 -      13,263
Accidental ingestion     4,287      89,832 13.9      65,393 -    114,271
Other 125,144 1,764,012 21.6 1,016,767 - 2,511,256
Drugs in all drug-related ED visits 275,829 4,047,140   8.3 3,391,625 - 4,702,655
Table C5
Population by age and gender: 20041
Gender and age Total United States Males Females
1 Population estimates for 2004, as of July 2005, from U.S. Census Bureau Count Population Dataset CO-EST2004-ALLDATA
(see http://www.census.gov/popest/counties/files/CO-EST2004-ALLDATA.csv).
Total 293,655,404 144,537,408 149,117,996
0-5 years   23,923,026   12,232,272   11,690,754
6-11 years   23,985,999   12,277,377   11,708,622
12-17 years   25,368,973   12,995,499   12,373,474
18-20 years   12,350,179     6,358,864     5,991,315
21-24 years   16,894,923     8,697,646     8,197,277
25-29 years   19,560,906     9,994,814     9,566,092
30-34 years   20,471,032   10,341,219   10,129,813
35-44 years   44,108,652   22,033,881   22,074,771
45-54 years   41,618,805   20,452,673   21,166,132
55-65 years   29,078,924   13,999,433   15,079,491
65 years and older   36,293,985   15,153,730   21,140,255

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