Services Research Outcomes Study (SROS)

Table of Contents (TOC)

Citation:

• ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
• OBTAINING ADDITIONAL COPIES OF PUBLICATION
• EXECUTIVE HIGHLIGHTS
• SROS VALIDATES FINDINGS OF EARLIER STUDIES
• METHODOLOGY OF THE STUDY
• I. INTRODUCTION
• PURPOSE OF THE STUDY
• ORGANIZATION OF THE REPORT
• II. METHOD

• HISTORY OF THE SROS SAMPLE
• Table 2-1. Development of the SROS Client Sample
• Table 2-2. Detailed Disposition of 3,047 Abstracted Client Records
• NONRESPONSE ANALYSIS
• Table 2-3. Comparisons of sample respondents/nonrespondents, using data from administrative records of cooperating providers (N=2,770)
• COMPARING BEHAVIOR BEFORE AND AFTER THE SROS TREATMENT EPISODE
• COMPARISON OF SROS AND OTHER STUDIES
• Table 2-4. Distribution of Clients by Modality in NTIES, DATOS, DSRS, and SROS

• IIII.  FINDINGS

  CHARACTERISTICS OF TREATMENT FACILITIES

• Table 3-1. Organizational characteristics of the four types of SROS facilities
• Table 3-2. Median costs in four types of SROS facilities

 

CHARACTERISTICS OF CLIENTS BEFORE AND DURING TREATMENT
• Demographic Characteristics
• Figure 3-1. Demographic characteristics of treatment clients
• Figure 3-1. Demographic characteristics of treatment clients (continued)
• Figure 3-2. Comparison of treatment clients and the U.S. population
• Table 3-3. Percentage who reported selected characteristics before and during treatment,by type of treatment
• Prior Treatment Episodes
• Main Drug Problem
• Figure 3-3. Characteristics of treatment clients before and during treatment
• Figure 3-3. Characteristics of treatment clients before and during treatment (contd.)
• Type and Length of Stay in Treatment
• Reasons for Going into Treatment
• Table 3-4. Percentage who reported selected reasons for entering treatment, by type of treatment
• Table 3-5. Percentage who reported selected reasons for entering treatment, by demographic and treatment characteristics
• Criminal Behavior Before Treatment
• Table 3-6. Percentage who reported criminal behavior, by type of treatment
• Physical Health, Mental Health, and Physical Abuse
• Table 3-7. Percentage who reported physical health status and medical conditions, by type of treatment
• Table 3-8. Percentage who reported mental health problems and physical abuse, by type of treatment

 

CHANGES IN CLIENT BEHAVIOR AND CIRCUMSTANCES IN THE FIVE YEARS BEFORE AND AFTER TREATMENT
• Changes in Drug and Alcohol Use Among Clients as a Whole
• Table 3-9. Percentage who used drugs and alcohol during the five years before and after treatment
• Table 3-10. Number of days per month used specific drugs in five years before and after treatment, among respondents who used the drug during the five years before treatment
• Table 3-11. Number of days per month used specific drugs in five years before and after treatment, among respondents who used the drug during the five years before and after treatment
• Changes in Drug Use by Sociodemographic and Treatment Subgroups
• Figure 3-4. Percentage change in drug use by sex
• Figure 3-5. Percentage change in drug use by age
• Figure 3-6. Percentage change in drug use by type of treatment
• Figure 3-7. Percentage change in drug use by length of stay
• Changes in Criminal Behavior
• Table 3-12. Percentage who reported criminal activity during the five years before and after treatment
• Figure 3-8. Percentage change in criminal behavior
• Changes in Criminal Behavior by Sociodemographic and Treatment Subgroups
• Figure 3-9. Percentage change in criminal behavior by sex
• Figure 3-10. Percentage change in criminal behavior by age
• Figure 3-11. Percentage change in criminal behavior by type of treatment
• Figure 3-12. Percentage change in criminal behavior by length of stay
• Figure 3-13. Percentage change in criminal behavior by treatment completion
• Changes in Lifestyle Characteristics
• Figure 3-14. Percentage receiving additional treatment after the index episode
• Figure 3-15. Percentage change in lifestyle characteristics
• Figure 3-16. Percentage change in full-time employment
• National Estimates: Converting Percentage Change to Net Differences

 

CORRELATES OF TREATMENT OUTCOMES
• Outcome Variables
• Figure 3-17. Models explaining behavior after SROS treatment episode
• Predictor Variables
• Model 1— Before Treatment
• Model 2—Before and During Treatment
• Model 3—Before, During, and After Treatment
• Prediction of Alcohol and Drug Use
• Any Illicit Drug Use
• Marijuana Use
• Cocaine Use
• Crack Use
• Heroin Use
• Summary
• Average Number of Days Used Drugs per Month: Ordinary Least Squares Regressions
• Alcohol
• Marijuana
• Crack
• Cocaine
• Heroin
• Summary
• Prediction of Criminal Activity After Treatment
• Prostitution/Procurement
• Larceny/Theft
• Breaking and Entering
• Summary

MORTALITY DURING THE POST-TREATMENT PERIOD
• Comparison of Deaths Among Clients in the SROS Sample and in the U.S. Population
• Table 3-13. Comparison of expected and observed deaths in the SROS client sample
• Comparison of Known Deceased and Living in SROS Sample
• Table 3-14. Comparison of treatment features of clients who were deceased and living at followup
• APPENDIX A: DETAILED METHODOLOGY
• SROS SAMPLE DESIGN
• FIELDWORK AND DATA PREPARATION
• Stage 1: Facility-Level Data Collection
• Preparing for Facility-Level Activities at All 120 Sites
• Structuring Facility-Level Contacts
• Facility-Level Field Activities
• Results of Facility-Level Data Collection
• Stage 2: The Client Survey
• Cognitive Testing of Client Questionnaire
• Pilot Test
• Main Client Survey
• Training Interviewers
• Structuring Data Collection--Field Management Staff
• Locating Client Respondents.
• Managing Client Contact and Obtaining Respondent Cooperation
• Conducting the Interview and Collecting Urine Specimens
• Identifying Deceased Clients and Verifying Death
• Results of Data Collection
• Special Issues from the Client Survey
• Systems, Data Processing, File Preparation
• Software Systems Overview
• NORC Central Office Security and Confidentiality Procedures
• File Preparation

• MEASUREMENT ISSUES OF SROS QUESTIONNAIRE
• Recall Decay
• Telescoping
• Reversion to Baseline Behavior Patterns
• Memory Limitations
• Underreporting of Sensitive Behaviors
• EXTERNAL VALIDITY OF SURVEY RESPONSES
• Table A.1 - Comparison between self report on drug use and urinalysis in SROS
• RESPONSE RATE
• WEIGHTING OF DATA
• Facility Weights
• Respondent Weights
• Undercoverage and Post-Stratification
• Modifications to the Weighting Plan
• PREPARATION OF UNBIASED ESTIMATES OF TARGET POPULATION: SUDAAN
• ANALYTIC TECHNIQUES EMPLOYED: BEFORE/AFTER ANALYSIS AND REGRESSION
• Regression Techniques
• Continuous Variables
• Dichotomous Variables
• APPENDIX B: DETAILED TABLES
• Table B-1. Percentage who used drugs and alcohol during the five years before and after treatment
• Table B-2.Percentage in inpatient treatment who used drugs and alcohol during the five years before and after treatment
• Table B-3.Percentage in residential treatment who used drugs and alcohol during the five years before and after treatment
• Table B-4.Percentage in outpatient methadone treatment who used drugs and alcohol during the five years before and after treatment
• Table B-5.Percentage in outpatient nonmethadone treatment who used drugs and alcohol during the five years before and after treatment
• Table B-6.Number of days per month used specific drugs in five years before and after treatment, among respondents who used the drug during the five years before treatment
• Table B-7. Number of days per month used specific drugs in five years before and after treatment, among respondents in inpatient treatment who used the drug during the five years before treatment
• Table B-8.Number of days per month used specific drugs in five years before and after treatment, among respondents in residential treatment who used the drug during the five years before treatment
• Table B-9.Number of days per month used specific drugs in five years before and after treatment, among respondents in outpatient methadone treatment who used the drug during the five years before treatment
• Table B-10. Number of days per month used specific drugs in five years before and after treatment, among respondents in outpatient nonmethadone treatment who used the drug during the five years before treatment
• Table B-11. Number of days per month used specific drugs in five years before and after treatment, among respondents who used the drug during the five years before and after treatment
• Table B-12.Number of days per month used specific drugs in five years before and after treatment, among respondents in inpatient treatment who used the drug before and after treatment
• Table B-13.Number of days per month used specific drugs in five years before and after treatment, among respondents in residential treatment who used the drug before and after treatment
• Table B-14.Number of days per month used specific drugs in five years before and after treatment, among respondents in outpatient methadone treatment who used the drug before and after treatment
• Table B-15.Number of days per month used specific drugs in five years before and after treatment, among respondents in outpatient nonmethadone treatment who used the drug before and after treatment
• Table B-16.Percentage who used alcohol during the five years before and after treatment
• Table B-17. Percentage who used any illicit drug during the five years before and after treatment
• Table B-18. Percentage who used marijuana during the five years before and after treatment
• Table B-19. Percentage who used cocaine during the five years before and after treatment
• Table B-20 Percentage who used crack during the five years before and after treatment
• Table B-20 Percentage who used crack during the five years before and after treatment
• Table B-20 Percentage who used crack during the five years before and after treatment
• Table B-21. Percentage who used heroin during the five years before and after treatment
• Table B-22. Percentage in inpatient treatment who used any illicit drug during the five years before and after treatment
• Table B-23. Percentage in residential treatment who used any illicit drug during the five years before and after treatment
• Table B-24. Percentage in outpatient methadone treatment who used any illicit drug during the five years before and after treatment
• Table B-25. Percentage in outpatient nonmethadone treatment who used any illicit drug during the five years before and after treatment
• Table B-26. Percentage who reported any criminal activity during the five years before and after treatment
• Table B-27. Percentage in inpatient treatment who reported criminal activity during the five years before and after treatment
• Table B-28. Percentage in residential treatment who reported criminal activity during the five years before and after treatment
• Table B-29. Percentage in methadone maintenance treatment who reported criminal activity during the five years before and after treatment
• Table B-30. Percentage in outpatient nonmethadone treatment who reported criminal activity during the five years before and after treatment
• Table B-31. Percentage who drove under the influence during the five years before and after treatment
• Table B-32. Percentage who drove while intoxicated during the five years before and after treatment
• Table B-34. Percentage who engaged in prostitution/procurement during the five years before and after treatment
• Table B-35. Percentage who engaged in theft/larceny during the five years before and after treatment
• Table B-36. Percentage who engaged in breaking and entering during the five years before and after treatment
• Table B-37. Percentage who violated parole during the five years before and after treatment
• Table B-38. Percentage with Selected Lifestyle characteristics during the five years before and after treatment
• Table B-39. Percentage who were employed full-time during the five years before and after treatment
• Table B-40. Percentage who received additional treatment after SROS episode and mean number of episodes
• Table B-41. Correlates of alcohol use in the five years after treatment (Tx):  Results of logistic regression models
• Table B-42. Correlates of any drug use in the five years after treatment (Tx):  Results of logistic regression models
• Table B-43. Correlates of marijuana use in the five years after treatment (Tx):  Results of logistic regression models
• Table B-44. Correlates of cocaine use in the five years after treatment (Tx):  Results of logistic regression models
• Table B-45. Correlates of crack use in the five years after treatment (Tx):   Results of logistic regression models
• Table B-46. Correlates of heroin use in the five years after treatment (Tx):  Results of logistic regression models
• Table B-47. Correlates of alcohol use in the five years after treatment (Tx):  Results of OLS regression models
• Table B-48. Correlates of marijuana use in the five years after treatment (Tx):  Results of OLS regression models
• Table B-49. Correlates of crack use in the five years after treatment (Tx):  Results of OLS regression models
• Table B-50. Correlates of cocaine use in the five years after treatment (Tx):  Results of OLS regression models
• Table B-51. Correlates of heroin use in the five years after treatment (Tx):  Results of OLS regression models
• Table B-52. Correlates of drug selling in the five years after treatment (Tx):  Results of logistic regression models
• Table B-53. Correlates of prostitution/procurement in the five years after treatment (Tx):  Results of logistic regression models
• Table B-54. Correlates of larceny/theft in the five years after treatment (Tx):  Results of logistic regression models
• Table B-55. Correlates of breaking and entering in the five years after treatment (Tx):  Results of logistic regression models
• APPENDIX C: REFERENCES

The Services Research Outcome Study (SROS) is a follow-on to the 1990 Drug Services Research Survey (DSRS). The SROS provided for a five year post-discharge follow-up of a broadly representative sample of approximately 3,000 drug clients treated during 1989 to 1990. The study ascertained their behavior up to five years after the 1989-1990 treatment episode, and will analyze treatment results in light of the type and cost of treatment services the clients received.  Pre-treatment variables included demographic characteristics, prior treatment history, criminal justice history, social support, and addiction severity. Treatment variables included duration of treatment episodes, key services received, program staffing, ownership, resource base, and costs. Post-treatment variables include: employment; criminal justice status, such as probation or incarceration; and further treatment episodes.

The Services Research  Outcomes Study (SROS), the first nationally representative study of substance abuse outcomes, confirms that both drug abuse and criminal  behavior are reduced following drug abuse treatment:   inpatient, outpatient, and residential.