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Alpha-1 Antitrypsin Deficiency

Also called: AATD, Alpha-1, Inherited emphysema 
 
 

Alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency is an inherited disorder that can cause lung disease in adults and liver disease in adults and children. Alpha-1 antitrypsin (AAT) is a protein that protects the lungs. The liver usually makes the protein, and releases it into the bloodstream. Because of a gene problem, some people have little or none of it. Not having enough AAT puts you at risk of emphysema or liver problems. If you smoke, you increase your risk. Children with AAT deficiency can develop liver problems that last their whole lives.

AAT deficiency can be treated but not cured. One treatment involves adding to or replacing the missing protein. A lung transplant may be an option if you are seriously ill. Staying away from cigarette smoke is crucial.

A blood test can tell if you have the deficiency. If you have it, your family members should also take the blood test.

 

 

 
 
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Illustration of the liver

National Institutes of Health