Cash Intensive Businesses Audit Techniques Guide - Table of Contents
Revision Date - April 2010
NOTE: This guide is current through the publication date. Since changes may have occurred after the publication date that would affect the accuracy of this document, no guarantees are made concerning the technical accuracy after the publication date.
This Audit Techniques Guide (ATG) is presented in several chapters. These chapters can be accessed and then printed by following the links in the Table of Contents below.
Chapter 1: Introduction and Overview of the Cash Intensive Business (PDF)
Chapter 2: Pre-audit and Background Review of the Tax Return (PDF)
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Access IDRS or MACS Information
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Tax Attaché (TA)
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Third Party Contacts: Public Records Check
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Vertical Analysis and Industry Ratios
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Comparative Ratios
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Gross margin (gross profit) percentages
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Inventory turnover
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Analysis of ending inventory balances
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Change in net sales from year to year
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Change in cost of sales from year to year
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Access Treasure Enforcement Communication System (TECS) Database—Passenger Activity Query and I-94 database
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Currency and Banking Retrieval System (CBRS)
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Immigration Files
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Loan Application Files
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Bank Records/Financial Records of Foreign Lender or Donor
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Asset Locator Databases
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Interviewing Actual Foreign Lender/Donor
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Interviewing Other Potential Witnesses
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Summons U.S. Parent Bank for Records Located in Its Foreign Branch
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Chapter 3: Initial Interview (PDF)
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Accounting for Cash
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Cash on Hand
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Business History
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Financial Information
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Time and Place of Examination
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Chapter 4: Minimum Income Probes (PDF)
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Financial Status Analysis
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Interview the Taxpayer
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Tour the Business
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Evaluate Internal Controls
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Reconcile Income to Books
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Test Gross Receipts
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Analyze Bank Accounts
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Chapter 5: Examination Techniques (PDF)
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Purchases can Reveal Sales
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The Role of Money Orders and other Money Transfer Systems
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Sources
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Hidden Family Transactions
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Check Cashing Services
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Percentage Markup Method (and Unit Volume Method)
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Fully Developed Cash T-Account Method
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Source and Applications of Funds Method
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Bank Deposit Method
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Net Worth Method
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Chapter 6: Evaluating Evidence (PDF)
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Other Considerations
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Net Operating Loss and Passive Activity Loss Considerations
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Employment Tax Issues
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Inadequate Records
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Proper Development of Cases
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Fraud Considerations
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Cash Hoard
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Chapter 8: Underground Economy (PDF)
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Gross Income
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Income from BUF
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Premium Income
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Reimbursed Expenses
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Collateral
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BUF payment deductions
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Bond Costs
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Change in Accounting Method
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Establishing Fraud
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Chapter 10: Beauty Shops (PDF)
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Method 1-Service Income Formula
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Example-Service Income Formula
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Method 2-Retail Income Formula
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Method 3-Retail Income Formula
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Example-Retail Income Formula
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Method 4-Rental Income Formula
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Example-Rental Income Formula
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Determining a Tip Rate
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Calculating Unreported Tips
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Income
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Water Consumption Method
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Water Consumption Formula
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Soap/Chemical Consumption Method
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Soap/Chemical Consumption Formula
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Expenses
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Chapter 12: Check Cashing Locations (Under development)
Chapter 13: Coin Operated Amusements (PDF)
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Issue
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Conclusion
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Facts
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Law and Analysis
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Chapter 14: Convenience Stores, Mini-Marts and Bodegas (PDF)
- Taxicab Industry Defined
- Regulatory Environment of the Taxicab Industry
- Certification, licensing and permits
- Taxicab rate schedule
- Determining the Applicable Rates and Fees
- Sources of Taxicab Industry Information
- External sources of information
- Internal sources of information
- Primary Audit Issues
- Books and records
- Income
- Expenses
- Tips
- Determining tip income
- Calculating unreported tips via credit card sampling
- Tips versus finder’s fees
- Employee VS independent contractor
- Checking worker classification
- Books and records
- Audit Techniques
- Taxicab companies
- Taxicab owners/operators
- Taxicab drivers
- Using the taxi formula (a.k.a. the "cab formula")
- Taxi formula example
- Initial Interview and Information Document Request
- Background
- Operations
- Books and records
- Examining tax returns
- Glossary of Taxicab Terms
- Tax Law, Regulations, Court Cases, and Other Authorities
- Internal Revenue Code:
- Revenue rulings/procedures
- Revenue Ruling 87-41, 1987-1 C.B. 296, discussing twenty common-law factors considered in determining whether a worker is an employee or independent contractor.
- Court cases
- Publications