This article assess the effectiveness and benefit-cost ratio of a peer-based substance abuse prevention program at a U.S. transportation company, implemented in stages from 1988 to 1990.  The program also participated in federally-mandated random drug tests beginning in 1990.  The study found that the combination of the peer program and drug testing was associated with roughly 33 percent fewer injuries, or a $48 million employer savings in 1999.  The authors estimate that the program avoided $1,850 in per-employee injury costs, corresponding to a 26:1 benefit-cost ratio. 

Miller, T.R., Zaloshnja, E., & Spicer, R.S. (2007). Effectiveness and benefit-cost ratios of peer-based workplace substance abuse prevention coupled with random testing. Accident Analysis and Prevention, 39(3): 565-573. http://cat.inist.fr/?aModele=afficheN&cpsidt=18746296 

Authors: Ted R. Miller, Eduard Zaloshnja, Rebecca S. Spicer