Emerging Infectious Disease ISSN: 1080-6059
Volume 12, Number 1—January 2006
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THEME ISSUE
Influenza
Overview
Highly pathogenic H5N1 influenza viruses continue to evolve and increase their geographic and host range.
History
Influenza A virus infection created confusion in distinguishing true pandemics, pseudopandemics, and epidemics.
Published literature and events surrounding the outbreak are reviewed.
The swine flu vaccination program has implications for the current pandemic preparedness.
Conditions that lead to influenza pandemics are not fully understood.
Knowledge of the 1976 swine flu episode can help shape public health response to future pandemic threats.
Pathogenesis
The regulatory activities of the nonstructural protein 1 appear to affect the ability of influenza viruses to infect multiple animal species.
Cell-mediated immune responses should be considered in vaccination protocols.
Prevention
Controlling a pandemic with vaccine and antiviral drugs will require a coordinated international approach to determine how the least amount of virus can immunize the largest segment of a population.
Better influenza vaccines are possible and necessary.
A program to develop vaccines to prevent avian influenza pandemics is under way.Vaccines for Pandemic Influenza
New vaccine technologies and antiviral drugs are needed to prepare for the next influenza pandemic.
Volume 12, Number 1—January 2006 - Continued
Research
Stockpiling drugs to prevent and treat influenza would be economically effective.
Two surveillance systems gave a better estimate of influenza hospitalizations in children <5 years of age than either system alone.
A statistical method can be used for early monitoring of the effect of disease control measures.
Surveillance and annual vaccination are needed for at-risk populations in tropical countries.
The multistage Richards model provides insights into ongoing outbreaks that may be useful for real-time public health responses.
Virus can replicate in several common cell lines, sometimes without cytopathic effect.
Policy Review
Closing international borders was usually ineffective in past pandemics and would be less effective today.
Recommended interventions vary by transmission pattern, pandemic phase, and disease severity.
Dispatches
Letters
Books and Media
About the Cover
Conference Summaries
Knowing Which Foods Make Us Sick Will Help Guide Food Safety Regulations
Length: 13:47
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