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National Information Center on Health Services Research and Health Care Technology (NICHSR)


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Brown ArrowHealth Disparities

Healthcare disparities refer to differences in access to or availability of facilities and services. Health status disparities refer to the variation in rates of disease occurrence and disabilities between socioeconomic and/or geographically defined population groups. [Both definitions are from the 2009 Medical Subject Headings (MeSH).]

The MEDLINE/PubMed retrieves citations to journal literature.

Data, Tools, and Statistics

  • CDC Health Disparities and Inequalities Report - United States, 2011 - (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC))  - Health disparities are differences in health outcomes between groups that reflect social inequalities. Despite progress over the past 20 years in reducing this problem, racial/ethnic, economic and other social disparities in health still exists and need to be addressed. This report is the first in a periodic series examining health disparities in the United States.
  • Directory of Health Organizations images/pdf.gif icon - (National Library of Medicine (NLM) U.S.)  - This link provides access to a database containing location and descriptive information about a wide variety of information resources including organizations, research resources, projects, and databases concerned with health and biomedicine. Each record may contain information on the publications, holdings, and services provided.
  • Diversitydata.org - (Center for Advancing Health USA, Harvard School of Public Health)  - Diversitydata.org allows visitors to explore how metropolitan areas throughout the U.S. perform on a diverse range of social measures that comprise a well-rounded life experience. The site provides access to socioeconomic indicators for metropolitan areas in the form of tables, thematic maps, and customizable reports.
  • e-Source: Behavioral and Social Science Research - (Office of Behavioral and Social Sciences Research, NIH (OBSSR))  - This website provides access to 20 interactive chapters with authoritative answers to methodological questions on behavioral and social science research. With contributions from a team of international experts, this anthology provides the latest information on addressing emerging challenges in public health.
  • Health Care Disparity-related Links - (Adventist Health Care US)  - This site provides access to a listing of health care disparity-related resources, organizations, and links.
  • Health Data Interactive - (National Center for Health Statistics, CDC (NCHS))  - Tables with national health statistics for infants, children, adolescents, adults, and older adults. Tables can be customized by age, gender, race/ethnicity, and geographic location to explore different trends and patterns.
  • Health Disparities Calculator - (National Cancer Institute, NIH (NCI))  - Statistical software designed to generate multiple summary measures to evaluate and monitor health disparities (HD). HD*Calc was created as an extension of SEER*Stat that allows the user to import SEER Data or other population based health data such as National Health Interview Survey, California Health Interview Survey, Tobacco Use Supplement to the Current Population Survey, and National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey.
  • Health Disparities Cost Impact Tool - (National Business Group on Health (NBGH) US, Urban Institute (UI))  - This interactive tool was designed to help you estimate the economic impact of health disparities in a company's diverse workforce, in terms of direct medical costs and lost workdays for a variety of health conditions. It utilizes annual employer-sponsored insurance data from the Medical Expenditure Panel Survey (MEPS).
  • Health Disparities Resources for Researchers - (National Cancer Institute, NIH (NCI))  - Lists links to resources for researchers of health disparities. Incldues instruments and questionnaires, surveys, various studies, and links to health disparities reports.
  • Health Disparities Toolkit for Public Health Agencies to Improve Their Practices - (National Association of County and City Health Officials (NACCHO), Robert Wood Johnson Foundation (RWJF))  - Researchers at the University of Washington School of Nursing in Seattle created a Health Disparities Toolkit, a searchable database of summaries of 27 programs and tools to address health disparities from local health departments. The toolkit was designed to provide policy-makers, public health systems researchers, and public health leaders with inspiration and ideas for implementing programs to address health disparities and inequities.
  • Healthy People 2010 Final Review - (National Center for Health Statistics, CDC (NCHS))  - The Healthy People 2010 Final Review presents a quantitative end-of-decade assessment of progress in achieving the Healthy People 2010 objectives and goals over the course of the decade.
  • HRET Disparities Toolkit - (Health Research and Educational Trust (HRET))  - The Toolkit is a Web-based tool that provides hospitals, health systems, clinics, and health plans information and resources for systematically collecting race, ethnicity, and primary language data from patients.
  • HSRR (Health Services and Sciences Research Resources) - (National Library of Medicine, National Information Center on Health Services Research and Health Care Technology)  - HSRR is a searchable database of information about research datasets, instruments/indices and software. Users may examine and compare characteristics of some of the resources employed in Health Services Research, the Behavioral and Social Sciences and Public Health. The database includes brief descriptions of research resources and links to PubMed. It also includes URLs of providers for additional information or access to the resources. HSRR is not a repository of the actual resources.
  • Institute for Healthcare Improvement (IHI) Map - (Institute for Healthcare Improvement (IHI))  - This map is a free, open resource for those interested in sharing IHI's mission of improving health care. This includes access to various "How To Guides," for example, prevent ventilator-associated pneumonia; prevent surgical site infection; prevent adverse drug events, etc.
  • National Healthcare Quality Report - (Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ))  - A comprehensive national overview of quality of health care in the United States. It is organized around four dimensions of quality of care -effectiveness, patient safety, timeliness, and patient centeredness.
  • NHQRDRNet Online Query System - (Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ))  - Online query system that allows you to access national and state data on the quality of, and access to, health care from scientifically credible measures and data sources. This is an interactive tool to explore data from the National Healthcare Quality & Disparities Reports.
  • Roots of Health Inequity Web Course - (National Association of County and City Health Officials (NACCHO))  - This course provides an online learning environment from which to explore root causes of inequity in the distribution of disease, illness, and death. Funded by the National Center for Minority Health and Health Disparities, National Institutes of Health, its audience is primarily the local public health workforce. It seeks to ground participants in the concepts and strategies that could lead to effective action.
  • Safety Net Monitoring - (Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ))  - Baseline data and tools to help monitor the status of local safety nets in providing health care to low-income and other vulnerable populations.
  • Surveillance Research: Health Disparities - (National Cancer Institute, NIH (NCI))  - Provides links to the following types of information: statistics by race/ethnicity, network for cancer control research among AI/AN populations, socioeconomic status and cancer, Native American initiatives, cancer in women of color monograph, status of cancer surveillance in minority and underserved populations, and SEER expansion.

Grants, Funding and Fellowships

  • The Barbara Jordan Health Policy Scholars Program - (Henry J. Kaiser Family Foundation (KFF))  - Brings talented college seniors and recent graduates to Washington, D.C., where they are placed in congressional offices and learn about health policy issues, with a focus on issues affecting racial and ethnic minority and underserved communities.
  • Hispanic Health Services Research Grant Program - (Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS))  - The purpose of the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services' Hispanic Grant Program is to implement Hispanic American health services research activities to meet the needs of diverse CMS beneficiary populations.
  • HIV/AIDS, Drug Use, and Vulnerable Populations in the US (R01) - (National Institutes of Health (NIH))  - This grant encourages research to identify the role(s) that drug abuse plays in fueling the epidemic in vulnerable groups (racial/ethnic minorities, men who have sex with men (MSM), youth) and to develop effective interventions to prevent new infections and to improve the health and well-being of those living with HIV/AIDS.
  • Training for Minority Researchers - (National Cancer Institute, NIH (NCI))  - Describes National Cancer Institute training and career development opportunities available to minority individuals interested in pursuing cancer research careers in basic, clinical, prevention and population control sciences.

Guidelines, Journals, Other Publications

  • 2011 Healthcare Disparities Report - (Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ))  - AHRQ produces the National Healthcare Quality Report (NHQR) and the National Healthcare Disparities Report (NHDR). These reports measure trends in effectiveness of care, patient safety, timeliness of care, patient centeredness, and efficiency of care. The reports present, in chart form, the latest available findings on quality of and access to health care. The National Healthcare Quality Report tracks the health care system through quality measures, such as the percentage of heart attack patients who received recommended care when they reached the hospital or the percentage of children who received recommended vaccinations. The National Healthcare Disparities Report summarizes health care quality and access among various racial, ethnic, and income groups and other priority populations, such as residents of rural areas and people with disabilities.
  • Community Health Indicators for the Washington Metropolitan Region - (Metropolitan Washington Council of Governments (MWCOG) USA)  - Report highlights some health problems in the Washington area and indicates that health can differ quite dramatically depending upon where one lives in the region. Race and ethnicity, education and income, family history and early life experience, even the neighborhoods and homes in which people live are important factors in determining health. These factors are collectively referred to as the social determinants of health.
  • Equity of Care Blog - (Equity of Care US)  - Updated biweekly, this blog provides commentary by leaders in the field who are taking up the challenge of improving the quality of care for all patient populations and eliminating health care disparities.
  • Glossary of Health Care Quality Terms - (Robert Wood Johnson Foundation (RWJF))  - A glossary of key terms in the fields of health care quality, disparities reduction and quality improvement.
  • Health Behavior News Service - (Center for Advancing Health USA)  - Disseminates news stories on the latest findings from peer-reviewed research journals. HBNS covers both new studies and systematic reviews of studies on (1) the effects of behavior on health, (2) health disparities data and (3) patient engagement research.
  • Health Disparities Defined - (National Cancer Institute, NIH (NCI))  - Provides access to several definitions and a link to NCI health disparities research.
  • Health Equity and Prevention Primer - (Prevention Institute US)  - The Health Equity and Prevention Primer (HEPP) serves as a web-based training series for public health practitioners and advocates interested in policy advocacy, community change, and multi-sector engagement to achieve health equity.
  • HHS' Action Plan to Reduce Health Disparities (Webcast Transcript) - (Department of Health and Human Services (HHS) U.S.)  - The April 25, 2011 program addressed the contents of the strategy and its timeline for implementation as well as its implications for providers. The panelists also discussed how the new strategy relates to other recently released HHS strategies including the National Strategy for Quality Improvement in Health Care, the National Prevention and Health Promotion Strategy, the Healthy People 2020 initiative and the National HIV/AIDS Strategy for the United States. Panelists also consider what the strategy's role as it relates to health reform implementation.
  • Kaiser's Monthly Update on Health Disparities - (Henry J. Kaiser Family Foundation (KFF))  - This free, monthly update synthesizes news coverage from hundreds of print and broadcast news sources related to health and health care issues affecting underserved and racial and ethnic communities. The update also summarizes recent journal articles and other research developments in the field and features a data slide from a relevant Kaiser Family Foundation publication.
  • Unequal Treatment: Confronting Racial and Ethnic Disparities in Health Care - (National Academies)  - Congress, in 1999, requested an IOM study to assess the extent of disparities in the types and quality of health services received by U.S. racial and ethnic minorities and non-minorities; explore factors that may contribute to inequities in care; and recommend policies and practices to eliminate these inequities. This is the resulting report from the IOM study.

Key Organizations/Programs

  • AHRQ - Minority Health - (Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ))  - Links to AHRQ's minority health programs, reports, workshops, etc.
  • Center for Health Equity Research and Promotion - (Health Services Research and Development Service, Veterans Administration (HSR&D))  - An HSR&D Center of Excellence whose mission is to reduce disparities and promote equity in health and health care among vulnerable groups of veterans and other populations.
  • Center on Health Disparities - (Adventist Health Care US)  - The Center on Health Disparities was created to raise community awareness about local health disparities, improve capacity to deliver population-based care, and develop solutions to eliminate local disparities in health care.
  • Commonwealth Fund Health Care Disparities - The goals of the program are to improve the overall quality of health care delivered to low-income and minority Americans, and to eliminate racial and ethnic health disparities. The program builds on efforts to improve quality of care overall in the United States, focusing on safety-net hospitals and ambulatory care providers serving large numbers of low-income and minority patients.
  • Disparities in Mental Health Services Research - (National Institute of Mental Health, NIH (NIMH))  - This program plans, stimulates, disseminates, and supports research on the complex factors that influence disparities in mental health services, particularly across special population groups such as racial and ethnic groups, as well as women and children, and persons living in rural and frontier areas.
  • Hispanic Elders Learning Network - (Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ))  - Links to a slide presentation on Reducing Health Disparities Among Hispanic Elders: Lessons from a Learning Network.
  • Institute of Medicine (IOM) - Minority Health - (National Academies)  - Links to current projects, events, and reports concerning minority health as well as information about the work IOM has done in the area of racial and ethnic disparities in healthcare.
  • National Partnership for Action to End Health Disparities - (Department of Health and Human Services (HHS) U.S., National Partnership to End Health Disparities (NPA) US)  - The mission of the National Partnership for Action is to mobilize and connect individuals and organizations across the country to create a Nation free of health disparities, with quality health outcomes for all people.
  • National Partnership for Action to End Health Disparities (NPA) - (Department of Health and Human Services (HHS) U.S.)  - The mission of the National Partnership for Action is to mobilize and connect individuals and organizations across the country to create a Nation free of health disparities, with quality health outcomes for all people. The campaign, launched by the Office of Minority Health (OMH) focuses on health status and health outcomes among racial and ethnic minority populations.
  • Network on Inequality, Complexity, and Health - (National Institutes of Health (NIH))  - Created by NIH in August 2010, the Network consists of experts who will explore new approaches to understanding the origins of health disparities, or differences in the burden of disease among population groups. Using state-of-the-science conceptual and computational models, the network's goal is to identify important areas where interventions or policy changes could have the greatest impact in eliminating health disparities.
  • New York Academy of Medicine (NYAM) - (New York Academy of Medicine)  - NYAM has been advancing the health of people in cities since 1847. An independent organization, NYAM addresses the health challenges facing the world's urban populations through interdisciplinary approaches to innovative research, education, community engagement and policy leadership. Drawing on the expertise of diverse partners worldwide and more than 2,000 elected Fellows from across the professions, our current priorities are to create environments in cities that support healthy aging; to strengthen systems that prevent disease and promote the public's health; and to implement interventions that eliminate health disparities. Provides New York City and New York State health and community data resources.
  • Office of Minority Health (OMH) - (Department of Health and Human Services (HHS) U.S.)  - The mission of the Office of Minority Health (OMH) is to improve and protect the health of racial and ethnic minority populations through the development of health policies and programs that will eliminate health disparities. Detailed information on cultural competency can be found on this site.

Programs

  • 2012 Science of Eliminating Health Disparities Summit - (National Center for Minority Health and Health Disparities (NCMHD) US)  - This summit conference seeks to advance activities to eliminate health disparities. Date: October 31 to November 2, 2012. Location: Gaylord National Resort and Convention Center, 201 Waterfront Street, National Harbor, MD 20745. Registration Deadline: October 19th, 2012.
  • Boston University Health Literacy Conference - (Boston University Medical Campus (BUMC))  - This conference, aimed at investigators in health literacy research, is an opportunity to advance the field of health literacy. Date: Monday, October 22, 2012 Location: Hyatt Regency, Bethesda, MD