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Nobel Prize

The Intramural Research Program (IRP) has produced several Nobel Prize winners, who either did the bulk of their award-winning research at the National Institutes of Health or trained in one of our laboratories.

  • Robert Lefkowitz (2012), with Brian Kobilka. For their studies of G-protein-coupled receptors.
  • Richard Axel (2004), with Linda B. Buck. For their discoveries of odorant receptors and the organization of the olfactory system.
  • Arvid Carlsson, Paul Greengard and Erick Kandell (2000). For their discoveries concerning signal transduction in the nervous system.
  • Ferid Murad (1998), with Robert F. Furchgott and Louis J. Ignarro. For their discoveries concerning nitric oxide as a signaling molecule in the cardiovascular system.
  • Stanley Prusiner (1997). For his discovery of prions—a new biological principle of infection.
  • Martin Rodbell (1994), with Alfred G. Gilman (see below). For their discovery of G-proteins and the role of these proteins in signal transduction in cells.
  • Alfred Gilman (1994), with Martin Rodbell (see above). For their discovery of G-proteins and the role of these proteins in signal transduction in cells.
  • Harold Varmus (1989), with J. Michael Bishop (see below). For their discovery of the cellular origin of retroviral oncogenes.
  • J. Michael Bishop (1989), with Harold Varmus (see above). For their discovery of the cellular origin of retroviral oncogenes.
  • Michael S. Brown and Joseph L. Goldstein (1985). For their discoveries concerning the regulation of cholesterol metabolism.
  • Baruj Benacerraf (1980), with Jean Dausset and George D. Snell. For their discoveries concerning genetically determined structures on the cell surface that regulate immunological reactions.
  • Baruch S. Blumberg (1976), with D. Carleton Gajdusek (see below). For their discoveries concerning new mechanisms for the origin and dissemination of infectious diseases.
  • D. Carleton Gajdusek (1976), with Baruch S. Blumberg (see above). For their discoveries concerning new mechanisms for the origin and dissemination of infectious diseases.
  • Christian Anfinsen (1972), with Gerald M. Edelman and Rodney R. Porter. For their discoveries concerning the chemical structure of antibodies.
  • Julius Axelrod (1970), with Sir Bernard Katz and Ulf von Euler. For their discoveries concerning the humoral transmitters in the nerve terminals and the mechanism for their storage, release and inactivation.
  • Marshall W. Nirenberg (1968), with Robert W. Holley and Har Gobind Khorana. For their interpretation of the genetic code and its function in protein synthesis. Click to view a video interview with Dr. Nirenberg.
  • Arthur Kornberg (1959), with Severo Ochoa. For their discovery of the mechanisms in the biological synthesis of ribonucleic acid and deoxyribonucleic acid.