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Exhibition Shall Not Be Denied: Women Fight for the Vote

Shall Not Be Denied: Women Fight for the Vote

Exhibition Items

Seneca Falls and Building a Movement, 1776–1890

Early Feminist Inspirations

  • Mary Wollstonecraft (1759–1797). A Vindication of the Rights of Woman: With Strictures on Political and Moral Subjects. Boston: Peter Edes for Thomas and Andrews, 1792. Susan B. Anthony Collection, Rare Book and Special Collections Division, Library of Congress (001.00.00)
  • “Mrs. Wollstonecraft.” Engraved by Ridley from a painting by Opie. For proprietors of the Monthly Mirror by T. Ballamy, King St. Covent Garden, February 1796. NAWSA Records, Manuscript Division, Library of Congress (002.00.00)
  • Acts of the Council and General Assembly of the State of New-Jersey, from the Establishment of the Present Government, and Declaration of Independence, to the End of the First Sitting of the Eighth Session, on the 24th Day of December, 1783. . . . Trenton: Printed by Isaac Collins, printer to the state of New Jersey, 1784. Law Library, Library of Congress (003.00.00, 003.00.01)
  • Abigail Adams (1744–1818) to her sister Elizabeth Shaw Peabody (1750–1815), July 19, 1799. Holograph letter. Shaw Family Papers, Manuscript Division, Library of Congress (004.00.00)
  • Lydia Maria Child (1802–1880). Brief History of the Condition of Women, in Various Ages and Nations. New York: C. S. Francis and Co.; Boston: J. H. Francis, 1845. Edition donated by Carrie Chapman Catt. NAWSA Library, Rare Book and Special Collections Division, Library of Congress (005.00.00)
  • Lydia Maria Child (1802–1880). An Appeal in Favor of That Class of Americans Called Africans. Boston: Allen and Ticknor, 1833. Rare Book and Special Collections Division, Library of Congress (005.03.00)
  • Sarah Grimké (1792–1873). Letters on the Equality of the Sexes, and the Condition of Woman. Boston: I. Knapp, 1838. Rare Book and Special Collections Division, Library of Congress (005.01.00)
  • Frances “Fanny” Wright (1795–1852). Frontispiece of volume one of the History of Woman Suffrage, 2nd edition, edited by Elizabeth Cady Stanton, Susan B. Anthony, and Matilda Joslyn Gage. Rochester, NY: Susan B. Anthony, 1887. Carrie Chapman Catt’s copy in the NAWSA Collection, Rare Book and Special Collections Division, Library of Congress (006.00.00)

Seneca Falls and the Start of Annual Conventions

  • Elizabeth Cady Stanton (1815–1902). “Declaration of Sentiments,” Report of the Woman’s Rights Convention, Held at Seneca Falls, New York, July 19 and 20, 1848. Printed by John Dick. Rochester, NY: The North Star office of Frederick Douglass, 1848. Elizabeth Cady Stanton Papers, Manuscript Division, Library of Congress (007.00.00)
  • “The Rights of Women,” July 28, 1848. The North Star (Rochester, New York). Elizabeth Cady Stanton Papers, Manuscript Division, Library of Congress (008.00.00)
  • “Our Roll of Honor, Containing All the Signatures to the ‘Declaration of Sentiments’ Set Forth by the First Woman’s Rights Convention held at Seneca Falls, New York, July 19–20, 1848.” Elizabeth Cady Stanton Papers, Manuscript Division, Library of Congress (009.00.00)
  • Lucretia Mott (1793–1880) to Elizabeth Cady Stanton (1815–1902), October 3, 1848. Holograph letter. Elizabeth Cady Stanton Papers, Manuscript Division, Library of Congress (010.00.00, 010.00.01)
  • Elizabeth Smith Miller (1822–1911), photographed wearing her bloomer outfit, 1851. Carrie Chapman Catt Papers, Manuscript Division, Library of Congress (011.00.00)
  • Elizabeth Cady Stanton. Reminiscences, Chapter XIX, “The Bloomer Costume,” n. d. Holograph document. Elizabeth Cady Stanton Papers, Manuscript Division, Library of Congress (012.00.00)
  • National Dress Reform Association Constitution, ca. 1857. NAWSA Records, Manuscript Division, Library of Congress (013.00.00)
  • The Proceedings of the Woman’s Rights Convention, held at Worcester, October 23d & 24th, 1850. Boston: Prentiss & Sawyer, 1851. NAWSA Collection, Rare Book and Special Collections Division, Library of Congress (014.00.00)
  • Olive Gilbert. Narrative of Sojourner Truth; A Bondswoman of Olden Time, . . . With a History of Labors and Correspondence Drawn from her “Book of Life.” Inscription by Susan B. Anthony. Battle Creek, MI: Published for the Author, 1878. Susan B. Anthony Collection, Rare Book and Special Collections Division, Library of Congress (015.00.00)
  • “Ye May session of ye woman’s rights convention—ye orator of ye day denouncing ye lords of creation,” Harper’s Weekly, June 11, 1859. Prints and Photographs Division, Library of Congress (300.00.00)

Family, Friends, and the Personal Side of the Movement

  • “Women’s Temperance Convention,” May 1852. The Lily, vol. 4, no. 5, (Seneca Falls, New York). Elizabeth Cady Stanton Papers, Manuscript Division, Library of Congress (017.00.00)
  • Kate Horn. Womans Rights: A Right Good Ballad . . . Rightly Written for the Womans Rights Conventions. Sheet music. Boston: Geo. P. Reed & Co.; New York: Horace Waters, 1853. Music Division, Library of Congress (018.00.00)
  • Elizabeth Blackwell (1821–1910) to Baroness Anne Isabella Milbanke Byron (1792–1860), March 4, 1851. Holograph letter. Blackwell Family Papers, Manuscript Division, Library of Congress (016.00.00)
  • Henry B. Blackwell (1825–1909) to Lucy Stone (1818–1893), February 13, 1855. Holograph letter. Blackwell Family Papers, Manuscript Division, Library of Congress (019.00.00, 019.00.01)
  • Lucy Stone (1818–1893) and Henry Blackwell (1825–1909) marriage protest, May 1, 1855; reprinted 1897. Blackwell Family Papers, Manuscript Division, Library of Congress (020.00.00)
  • Lucy Stone (1818–1893) holding three-month-old daughter Alice Stone Blackwell (1857–1950). Daguerreotype, ca. 1857. Visual Materials from the Blackwell Family Papers, Prints and Photographs Division, Library of Congress (021.00.00)
  • Susan B. Anthony (1820–1906) to Elizabeth Cady Stanton (1815–1902), June 5, 1856. Holograph letter. Elizabeth Cady Stanton Papers, Manuscript Division, Library of Congress (022.00.00)
  • Clara Barton (1821–1912). War Lecture, ca. 1866. Clara Barton Papers, Manuscript Division, Library of Congress (023.01.00)
  • “Clara Barton, Angel of the Battlefield,” Wonder Woman, no. 2, Fall issue 1942. Reproduction.  Serial and Government Publications Division, Library of Congress (023.02.00 and 23.03.00) 
  • “The Revolution Will Advocate,” January 8, 1868. The Revolution, vol. 1, issue 1, (New York, New York). Susan B. Anthony Collection, Rare Book and Special Collections Division, Library of Congress (023.00.00)
  • Constitution of National Woman Suffrage Association, ca. 1869. (On verso of letter dated, December 19, 1872). Susan B. Anthony Papers, Manuscript Division, Library of Congress (024.00.00)
  • Constitution of American Woman Suffrage Association, ca. 1869. NAWSA Records, Manuscript Division, Library of Congress (025.00.00)
  • H. B. Blackwell and Lucy Stone! Plum St. Hall Tuesday Evening, Dec. 4 at 7:30 To Present the Equal Rights Movement. Broadside. Blackwell Family Papers, Manuscript Division, Library of Congress (025.00.001)

A Movement at Odds with Itself

  • “Washington, D.C. The Judiciary Committee of the House of Representatives receiving a deputation of female suffragists. . . ,” Frank Leslie’s Illustrated Newspaper, vol. 31, no. 801, February 4, 1871. Reproduction of wood engraving. Prints and Photographs Division, Library of Congress (028.00.00)
  • Susan B. Anthony. Diary entry, January 1, 1872. Holograph manuscript. Susan B. Anthony Papers, Manuscript Division, Library of Congress (032.00.00)
  • Elizabeth Cady Stanton (1815–1902) and Susan B. Anthony (1820–1906), ca. 1870. Photograph. NWP Records, Manuscript Division, Library of Congress (027.00.00)
  • Declaration and Pledge of the Women of the United States concerning their Right to, and their use of, The Elective Franchise,” 1870s, Autograph book, NAWSA Collection, Rare Book and Special Collections, Library of Congress (031.01.00)
  • Elizabeth Cady Stanton. Speech before U.S. Senate Judiciary Committee, January 12, 1872. Holograph manuscript. Elizabeth Cady Stanton Papers, Manuscript Division, Library of Congress (031.00.00)
  • “The Beecher-Tilton Scandal Case: The Detailed Statement of the Whole Matter by Mrs. Woodhull,” November 2, 1872. Woodhull & Claflin’s Weekly, vol. 5, no. issue 7, (New York, New York). Reproduction. General Collections, Library of Congress (029.00.00)
  • James E. Cook. Testimony in the Great Beecher-Tilton Scandal Case Illustrated. Commercial Lith. Co., ca. 1875. Prints and Photographs Division, Library of Congress (030.00.00)
  • An Account of the Proceedings on the Trial of Susan B. Anthony, on the Charge of Illegal Voting, at the Presidential Election in Nov., 1872. Rochester: Daily Democrat and Chronicle Book Print, 1874. Susan B. Anthony Collection, Rare Book and Special Collections Division, Library of Congress (034.00.00)
  • Declaration of Rights of the Women of the United States, July 4, 1876. Elizabeth Cady Stanton Papers, Manuscript Division, Library of Congress (035.00.00)
  • Frederick Burr Opper. “Now Let the Show Go On!” Color lithograph. Puck, vol. 16, no. 393, September 17, 1884. Prints and Photographs Division, Library of Congress (037.00.00)
  • Alice Stone Blackwell (left) and Anna Howard Shaw (1847–1919), 1896. Photograph. Blackwell Family Papers, Manuscript Division, Library of Congress (042.00.00)
  • Elizabeth Cady Stanton. The Woman’s Bible, commentary on Genesis 2:21–25. Draft holograph manuscript. Elizabeth Cady Stanton Papers, Manuscript Division, Library of Congress (038.00.00)
  • Elizabeth Smith Miller (1822–1911) and Anne Fitzhugh Miller (1856–1912) Scrapbooks, NAWSA Collection, Rare Book and Special Collections Division, Library of Congress (039.00.00)
  • Harriet Tubman (ca. 1820–1913). Photographic portrait, ca. 1911. Elizabeth Smith Miller and Anne Fitzhugh Miller scrapbooks, NAWSA Collection, Rare Book and Special Collections Division, Library of Congress (041.00.00)
  • Sarah Hopkins Bradford (1818–1912). Harriet, the Moses of Her People. New York: J. J. Little & Co., 1901. Susan B. Anthony Collection, Rare Book and Special Collections Division, Library of Congress (040.00.00)
  • Susan B. Anthony (1820–1906) to Adelaide Johnson (1859–1955), February 8, 1896. Typewritten signed letter. Susan B. Anthony Papers, Manuscript Division, Library of Congress (043.00.00)
  • Adelaide Johnson (1859–1955). Bust of Susan B. Anthony. White marble sculpture. On loan from The National Woman’s Party at the Belmont-Paul Women’s Equality National Monument (044.00.00)
  • Susan B. Anthony (1820–1906). Commemorative bookmark. Metal. On loan from Smithsonian’s National Museum of American History. Initially part of the NAWSA Collection, Library of Congress (006.00.00)
  • Adelaide Johnson, left, Dora Lewis (1862–1928), and Jane Addams (1860–1935) and the Portrait Monument to Lucretia Mott, Elizabeth Cady Stanton, and Susan B. Anthony at the U.S. Capitol. February 1921. Photograph. NWP Records, Manuscript Division, Library of Congress (006.04.00)
  • Adelaide Johnson’s National Woman’s Party nameplate, “Life Member” ribbon, and button. On loan from Smithsonian’s National Museum of American History. (006.02.00, 006.03.00 and 006.03.01)

New Tactics for a New Generation, 1890–1915

Western States Pave the Way

  • The New Woman–Wash Day. Photographic print on stereograph card mount. New York: Strohmeyer & Wyman, ca. 1897. Prints and Photographs Division, Library of Congress (045.00.00)
  • The Women’s Political Union. Membership pledge, reproducing Herbert Johnson’s sketch “The Enemies of Votes for Women,” from the Philadelphia Saturday Evening Post, ca. 1913. Harriot Stanton Blatch Papers, Manuscript Division, Library of Congress (046.00.00)
  • William Henry Dethlef Koerner. “Spring House Cleaning—Why Not?” ca. 1914. Prints and Photographs Division, Library of Congress (047.03.00)
  • Henrietta Briggs-Wall. American Woman and Her Political Peers, 1893. Postcard. Hutchinson, Kansas, 1911. NAWSA Records, Manuscript Division, Library of Congress (047.00.00)
  • Frances Ellen Watkins Harper (1825–1911). Reproduction from The Underground Rail Road by William Still. Philadelphia: Porter & Coates, 1872. Prints and Photographs Division, Library of Congress (046.02.00)
  • Frances Ellen Watkins Harper (1825–1911). Iola Leroy or, Shadows Uplifted. Philadelphia: Garrigues Brothers, 1892. Susan B. Anthony Collection. Rare Book and Special Collections Division, Library of Congress (046.03.00)
  • The Western Woman Voter, September 1911. Newsletter. NAWSA Records, Manuscript Division, Library of Congress (054.00.00)
  • Out West. Magazine, August 1914. NAWSA Records, Manuscript Division, Library of Congress (054.01.00)
  • Multnomah County Clerk John B. Coffey registers Abigail Scott Duniway (1834–1915) as first woman voter in Portland, February 14, 1913. Photograph. NWP Records, Manuscript Division, Library of Congress (048.00.00)
  • Abigail Scott Duniway (1834–1915) to Carrie Chapman Catt (1859–1947), June 19, 1915, NAWSA Records, Manuscript Division, Library of Congress (049.00.00)
  • Hy [Henry] Mayer. “The Awakening.” Puck, vol. 77, no. 1981 (February 20, 1915). Prints and Photographs Division, Library of Congress (0312.00.00)

New Tactics and Renewed Confrontation

  • Harriot Stanton Blatch (1856–1940). Hanging posters for lecture by Sylvia Pankhurst (1882–1960), December 29, 1910. Photograph. Harriot Stanton Blatch Papers, Manuscript Division, Library of Congress (050.00.00)
  • Lecture Ticket to Hear Emmeline Pankhurst (1858–1928), November 14, 1913. NAWSA Records, Manuscript Division, Library of Congress (051.00.00)
  • “Miss Sylvia Pankhurst . . . American Tour, January, February, 1912.” NAWSA Records, Manuscript Division, Library of Congress (050.03.00)
  • Harris & Ewing. “Miss Lucy Burns of the Congressional Union for Woman Suffrage, left, with Mrs. Emmeline Pankhurst,” 1913. Reproduction from glass negative. Prints and Photographs Division, Library of Congress (050.02.00)
  • Women Suffrage Literature Bag, white duckcloth with two handles, between 1900 and 1917. On loan from Smithsonian’s National Museum of American History. Initially from the NAWSA Records, Library of Congress. Gift of Edna M. Stantial (050.01.00)
  • American Press Association. Youngest Parader in New York City Suffragist Parade, May 4, 1912. Photograph. Prints and Photographs Division, Library of Congress (055.00.00)
  • Leaflet and pledge form, “Votes for Women Inaugural Parade, Washington, D.C., March 3, 1913.” NWP Records, Manuscript Division, Library of Congress (063.00.00)
  • Harris & Ewing. “Distributing hand bills advertising Inaugural Suffrage Parade. . . . Washington, D.C., 1913.” Photograph. NWP Records, Manuscript Division, Library of Congress (062.00.00)
  • Alice Paul (1885–1977) to Alice Stone Blackwell (1857–1950), January 15, 1913. NWP Records, Manuscript Division, Library of Congress (056.00.00)
  • Alice Stone Blackwell (1857–1950) to Alice Paul (1885–1977), January 23, 1913. Letter. NWP Records, Manuscript Division, Library of Congress (057.00.00)
  • NAWSA president Anna Howard Shaw (1847–1919) to Alice Paul, February 28, 1913. Telegram. NWP Records, Manuscript Division, Library of Congress (061.00.00)
  • Nellie M. Quander (1880–1961) to Alice Paul (1885–1977), February 17, 1913. NWP Records, Manuscript Division, Library of Congress (060.00.00)
  • Ida B. Wells-Barnett (1862–1931), wearing “Martyred Negro Soldiers” button, between 1917–1919. Facsimile. Ida B. Wells Papers, Special Collections Research Center, University of Chicago Library (061.03.00)

Parade Sparks Rifts in the Movement

  • Washington Hikers, ca. February 10, 1913. Reproduction from glass plate negative. George Grantham Bain Collection, Prints and Photographs Division, Library of Congress (058.00.00)
  • Anna Howard Shaw, Jane Addams, and other Officers of the National American Woman Suffrage Association to President-elect Woodrow Wilson, February 12, 1913. Typewritten signed letter. NWP Records, Manuscript Division, Library of Congress (059.00.00)
  • Official Program, Woman Suffrage Procession, Washington, D.C., March 3, 1913. NAWSA Records, Manuscript Division, Library of Congress (064.00.00)
  • Crowd Converging on Marchers and Blocking Parade Route during March 3, 1913, Inaugural Suffrage Procession. Reproduction. Washington, D.C.: Leet Brothers, 1913. NWP Records, Manuscript Division, Library of Congress (406.00.00)
  • Postcards, March 3, 1913: “Starting of suffragette’s parade coming up Penna. Avenue”;  “Suffragette’s procession moving up Pennsylvania Avenue showing the Capitol Building in the background”; and “Amendment float— Suffragette’s parade.” NAWSA Records, Manuscript Division, Library of Congress (065.00.00, 065.01.00, and 065.02.00)
  • Lucy B. Johnston (1846–1937), Kansas Equal Suffrage Association, to Alice Paul (1885–1977), March 5, 1913. Typescript signed letter. NWP Records, Manuscript Division, Library of Congress (066.00.00)
  • Suffrage Parade. Hearings before a subcommittee . . . to investigate the conduct of the District police and Police Department of the District of Columbia in connection with the Woman’s Suffrage Parade on March 3, 1913. Washington: Government Printing Office, 1913. NAWSA Collection, Rare Book and Special Collections Division, Library of Congress (067.00.00)
  • Sunflower Ribbon Pin. Alice Park Collection. On loan from Smithsonian’s National Museum of American History and transferred from the NAWSA Records, Library of Congress (066.01.00)
  • Congressional Union for Woman Suffrage. Metal pin with enameled sections owned by Alice Paul. Inc. On loan from Smithsonian’s National Museum of American History. Gift of Alice Paul Centennial Foundation (118.00.00)
  • Elsa Ueland (1888–1980). Photograph, ca. 1915. NWP Records, Manuscript Division, Library of Congress (053.00.00)
  • Wisconsin Woman’s Suffrage Association. State Suffrage School, June 18-24, 1914. Flyer. Breckinridge Family Papers, Manuscript Division, Library of Congress (052.00.00)

The Marketing of the Movement

  • Suffrage Fund Coffee, ca. 1916–1917. Advertisement. NAWSA Records, Manuscript Division, Library of Congress (078.00.00)
  • Mrs. L. O. Kleber, ed. The Suffrage Cook Book. Pittsburgh: Equal Franchise Federation of Western Pennsylvania, 1915. General Collections, Library of Congress (079.00.00, 079.00.01)
  • Lillian E. Whitteker (1881–1978). “Little Suffragist Doll.” Pattern in cotton fabric with accompanying Buy-a-Bale card. Breckinridge Family Papers, Manuscript Division, Library of Congress (080.00.00, 080.01.00)
  • Suffragist Sewing Kit. Printed gold fabric. On loan from Smithsonian’s National Museum of American History. Initially from the NAWSA Records, Library of Congress (080.02.00)
  • Sample postcards, ca. 1915: Rose O’Neill (1874–1944), “Votes for Our Mothers”; Katherine Milhous (1894–1977), “Votes for Women”; and Mary Shepard Greene Blumenschein (1869–1958), “Votes for Women.” Breckinridge Family Papers, Manuscript Division, Library of Congress (081.00 00, 081.01.00, 081.02.00)
  • Postcards and valentine, ca. 1915: Rose O’Neill (1874–1944), “The Spirit of ‘76”; unknown artist, “Votes for Women”; Katherine Milhous (1894–1977), “Votes for Women”; and unknown artist, “Love’s Surprise.” NAWSA Records, Manuscript Division, Library of Congress (081.14.00-081.17.01)
  • “Keep Cool!” Fan with wooden handle. New York State Woman Suffrage Association, 1915. League of Women Voters Records, Manuscript Division, Library of Congress (082.00.00)
  • “Keep Cool!” Fan with wooden handle. New York State Woman Suffrage Association, 1915. On loan from the Smithsonian’s National Museum of American History. Initially from the NAWSA Records, Library of Congress (082.01.00 and 082.01.01)
  • Pinback buttons, between 1914 and 1915: “Housewives League”; “Votes for Women”; “Men’s League for Woman’s Suffrage”; and “Let Ohio Women Vote.” On loan from the Smithsonian’s National Museum of American History. Some initially from the NAWSA Records, Library of Congress (081.04.00, 081.06.00, 081.08.00, and 081.10.00)
  • Pinback button with ribbon, 1909. “AYP Woman Suffrage Day,” from the Alaska-Yukon-Pacific Exposition, Seattle, Washington, July 7, 1909. On loan from the Smithsonian’s National Museum of American History (081.11.00)
  • Pinback buttons, circa 1914-1915: “National Junior Suffrage Corps. Youth Today, Tomorrow Power” (Connecticut) and “Votes for Women Victory, 1915” (New York). On loan from the Ann Lewis Collection (081.12.00) and (082.02.00)
  • “Votes for Women Nov. 2,” bluebird sign (pre-conservation treatment), Massachusetts Woman Suffrage Association, 1915. NAWSA Records, Manuscript Division, Library of Congress (081.13.00)
  • Pinback buttons, circa 1914-1915: “National Junior Suffrage Corps. Youth Today, Tomorrow Power” (Connecticut) and “Votes for Women Victory, 1915” (New York). On loan from the Ann Lewis Collection (081.12.00) and (082.02.00)
  • Votes for Women Ball, February 16, 1915. Advertisement. Harriot Stanton Blatch Papers, Manuscript Division, Library of Congress (083.00.00)
  • World Film Corporation. Your Girl and Mine, 1914. Film advertisement. NAWSA Records, Manuscript Division, Library of Congress (084.00.00)
  • Florence Livingston Lent (1873–1917) and Fanny Connable Lancaster (1879–1958). Suffrage Marching Song. Sheet music. Boston: Massachusetts Woman Suffrage Association, ca. 1914. NAWSA Records, Manuscript Division, Library of Congress (085.00.00)

Confrontations, Sacrifice, and the Struggle for Democracy 1916–1917

Changing Strategies of NAWSA and NWP

  • Congressional Union for Woman Suffrage, “Route of Envoys . . .” in the “Itinerary of the ‘Suffrage Special,’ April 9–May 16, 1916.” NWP Records, Manuscript Division, Library of Congress (087.02.00)
  • Suffragists demonstrating against Woodrow Wilson in Chicago, October 20, 1916. Photographer unknown. NWP Records, Manuscript Division, Library of Congress (088.00.00)
  • National American Woman Suffrage Association. Headquarters News Letter, vol. 2, no. 8, August 15, 1916. NAWSA Records, Manuscript Division, Library of Congress (087.00.00)
  • Edward A. Poucher (1882–1966). The Woman’s Hour Has Struck: Woman Suffrage is Coming. Reproduced on the cover of The World Magazine, February 4, 1917. Breckinridge Family Papers, Manuscript Division, Library of Congress (089.00.00)
  • “Naught Can Ye Win But by Faith and Daring,” sateen banner with lettering, between 1913 and 1920. On loan from the National Woman’s Party at the Belmont-Paul Women’s Equality National Monument (089.04.00)
  • National Woman’s Party tricolor banners, between 1913 and 1920. On loan from the National Woman’s Party at the Belmont-Paul Women’s Equality National Monument (089.02.00, 089.03.00)
  • Suffragist cap and cape. National Woman’s Party, between 1913 and 1917. On loan from the National Woman’s Party at the Belmont-Paul Women’s Equality National Monument (086.00.00, 086.01.00)
  • Winsor McCay. Suffrage March Line—How Thousands of Women Parade Today at Capitol. New York Evening Journal, March 4, 1913. Serial and Government Publications Division, Library of Congress.(336.00.00)
  • “Women Will Present Memorial to President,” Washington Herald, January 9, 1917; “Freezing Suffrage Sentinels Ignore Invitation by Wilson,” Washington Post, January 12, 1917; and “‘Suff’ Pickets Shiver but Stick to Posts,” Washington Herald, January 12, 1917. News clippings. NAWSA Records, Manuscript Division, Library of Congress (091.00.00)
  • “College Girls in White House Picket Line Today,” Evening Star, February 3, 1917. NAWSA Records, Manuscript Division, Library of Congress (091.01.00)
  • Harris & Ewing. Florence Brewer Boeckel and Betty Mackaye bring hot drinks to the picket line in front of the White House, 1917. Reproduction from glass plate negative. Prints and Photographs Division, Library of Congress (321.00.00)
  • Harris & Ewing. Penn[sylvania] on the picket line, [January 24,] 1917. Reproduction. NWP Records, Manuscript Division, Library of Congress (327.00.00)
  • “Silent Sentinel” Alison Turnbull Hopkins (1880–1951) at the White House on New Jersey Day, January 30, 1917. Photograph. NWP Records, Manuscript Division, Library of Congress (090.00.00)
  • Helena Hill Weed (1875–1958), Norwalk, Connecticut. Photograph. NWP Records, Manuscript Division, Library of Congress (097.00.00)
  • Nina E. Allender (1873–1957). Celebrating Independence Day in the Nation’s Capital in the Year of Our Lord, 1917. The Suffragist, vol. 77, no. 5, July 14, 1917. On loan from the National Woman’s Party at the Belmont-Paul Women's Equality National Monument (096.00.00)
  • Nina E. Allender (1873–1957). “First to Fight,” The Suffragist, vol. 5, no. 85, September 8, 1917. On loan from the National Woman’s Party at the Belmont-Paul Women’s Equality National Monument (096.01.00)
  • “Anti-suffrage” felt pennant and “Anti Suffrage,” “Vote No on Woman Suffrage,” and “Mr. Suffer-Yet” pinback buttons, circa 1910s. On loan from the Smithsonian’s National Museum of American History (086.02.00, 086.03.00, 086.04.00, and 081.03.00)
  • Harris & Ewing. Virginia Arnold (b.1880), holding “Kaiser Wilson” banner, August 1917. Reproduction. NWP Records, Manuscript Division, Library of Congress (094.00.00)
  • Cloth fragment from “Kaiser Wilson” banner, August 1917. NWP Records, Manuscript Division, Library of Congress (095.00.00)
  • Mr. Suffer-Yet” pinback button, circa 1910s. On loan from the Smithsonian’s National Museum of American History (081.03.00
  • Black and white “Vote No on Woman Suffrage," pinback button, circa 1910s. On loan from the Ann Lewis Collection (086.05.00)

Suffrage and World War I

  • New York Times, Rotogravure Picture Section, November 4, 1917. Serial and Government Publications Division, Library of Congress (098.00.00)
  • Carrie Chapman Catt (1859–1947). “An Address to the Congress of the United States.” National Woman Suffrage Publishing Company, Inc., 1917. NAWSA Records, Manuscript Division, Library of Congress (092.00.00)
  • Public Interests’ League of Massachusetts, Boston, Massachusetts. Woman Suffrage as a War Measure . . . No! No Worse War Measure Could be Devised, ca. 1917. NAWSA Records, Manuscript Division, Library of Congress (093.00.00)
  • Woman's Franchise League of Indiana, “As a War Measure,” Indianapolis, Indiana, ca. 1917. NAWSA Records, Manuscript Division, Library of Congress (093.01.00)
  • Harris & Ewing. Some of the Picket Line of Nov. 10. Photograph. November 10, 1917. NWP Records, Manuscript Division, Library of Congress (100.00.00)
  • Cora A. Week’s (1861–1951) name badge with tricolor ribbon, Congressional Union Convention, December 1915; Tricolor sash, Congressional Union/National Woman’s Party; “Votes for Women” pinback button, designed by Sylvia Pankhurst for the British Women’s Social and Political Union; and “Votes for Women,” Women’s Political Union, New York, pinback button. NWP Records, Manuscript Division, Library of Congress (099.00.00, 099.01.00, 099.02.00, 099.03.00)
  • Cora A. Week’s (1861–1951) pinback buttons, circa 1915: “Vote Yes Woman Suffrage October 19,” New Jersey, 1915; “Vote for Woman Suffrage Nov. 2, 1815–1915, Elizabeth Cady Stanton Centennial,” and “Third Liberty Loan.” NWP Records, Manuscript Division, Library of Congress (099.04.00), (099.07.00), (099.08.00).
  • Minnie P. Quay (1863–1946). Affidavit signed and notarized, November 28, 1917. NWP Records, Manuscript Division, Library of Congress (108.00.00)
  • Harris & Ewing. Mary Winsor (1873–1956). Mary Winsor (Pennsylvania.) ‘17 holding suffrage prisoners banner. Photograph, 1917. NWP Records, Manuscript Division, Library of Congress (105.00.00)
  • Harris & Ewing. Lucy Branham (1892–1966) protests political imprisonment of Alice Paul. Photograph, 1917. NWP Records, Manuscript Division, Library of Congress (105.01.00)
  • Lola Hennacy (1900–1989) to Dear Comrade, November 8, 1917. NWP Records, Manuscript Division, Library of Congress (102.00.00)

Surviving Prison and Protecting Civil Liberties

  • David Allen & Sons. Torturing Women in Prison. Vote Against the Government. London: National Women’s Social and Political Union., ca. 1909. Color lithograph. Prints and Photographs Division, Library of Congress (109.00.00)
  • Elizabeth McShane (1891–1976). Affidavit, signed and notarized, November 28, 1917. National Woman’s Party Records, Manuscript Division, Library of Congress (110.00.00)
  • Agnes H. Morey (1868–1924), National Woman’s Party, to Jane Addams (1860–1935). Telegram, November 10, 1917. NWP Records, Manuscript Division, Library of Congress (104.00.00)
  • E[lmer] Heffelfinger (1848–1924) to daughter Kathryn “Kate” Heffelfinger (1889–1958), November 15, 1917. NWP Records, Manuscript Division, Library of Congress (106.00.00)
  • Kate Heffelfinger after her release from prison, 1917. Photograph. NWP Records, Manuscript Division, Library of Congress (107.00.00)
  • “Prisoner of Freedom.” Silver metal pin.. Replica, ca. 2004. On loan from Janice E. Ruth (111.00.00)
  • “Mass Meeting: Prison Special on Nation Wide Tour,” Admission ticket, February 10, 1919. NWP Records, Manuscript Division, Library of Congress (112.00.00
  • “Free Mass Meeting Suffrage Pickets Released from Prison,” small advertising card, January 4, [1918]. NWP Records, Manuscript Division, Library of Congress (112.01.00)

Hear Us Roar: Victory, 1918 and Beyond

House and Senate Passage Leads An Exhausting Ratification Campaign

  • Rep. Jeannette Rankin of Montana, Left, Reading The Suffragist, Washington, ca. 1917–1918. Photograph. NWP Records, Manuscript Division, Library of Congress (114.00.00)
  • Jeannette Rankin (1880–1973) to Woodrow Wilson (1856–1924), [sic December] January 8, 1918. Woodrow Wilson Papers, Manuscript Division, Library of Congress (113.00.00)
  • Carrie Chapman Catt (1859–1947) and Mary Garrett Hay (1857–1928) casting ballots, presumably during the midterm elections, November 5, 1918. Carrie Chapman Catt Papers, Manuscript Division, Library of Congress (128.00.00)
  • Carrie Chapman Catt (1859–1947) to Woodrow Wilson, November 26, 1918. Woodrow Wilson Papers, Manuscript Division, Library of Congress (115.00.00)
  • Helen H. Gardener (1853–1925) to Woodrow Wilson, November 27, 1918. Woodrow Wilson Papers, Manuscript Division, Library of Congress (115.02.00, 115.02.01)
  • Harris & Ewing. The Suffrage Watchfire before the White House, Jan. 1919. Washington, D.C. NWP Records, Manuscript Division, Library of Congress (116.00.00)
  • Wood from the Revolutionary battlefield of Brandywine sent by Pennsylvania suffragists for the “Watchfires for Freedom,” with envelope, January 1919. NWP Records, Manuscript Division, Library of Congress (117.00.00, 117.00.01)
  • Clifford Berryman (1869–1949). Votes for Women Band Wagon. Drawing. Published in the Washington Evening Star, January 10, 1918. Prints and Photographs Division, Library of Congress (119.00.00)
  • Carrie Chapman Catt (1859–1947). Ratification notebook, 1919–1920. Carrie Chapman Catt Papers, Manuscript Division, Library of Congress (120.00.00)
  • Lilburn Phelps (1870–1956), chief clerk, Kentucky House of Representatives. “House Roll Call,” January 6, 1920, with emendations by Madeline McDowell Breckinridge (1872–1920). Breckinridge Family Papers, Manuscript Division, Library of Congress (121.00.00)
  • International Film Service Co., Inc. Party Members Picketing the Republican Convention, Chicago, June 1920. Photograph. Left to Right: Abby Scott Baker (1871–1944), Eleanor Taylor Marsh (1895–1968), Sue White (1887–1943), Elsie Hill (1883–1970), and Betty Gram (1893–1969). NWP Records, Manuscript Division, Library of Congress (122.00.00)

Ratification and Beyond

  • “Honor Roll,” listing thirty-six states in the order they ratified the Nineteenth Amendment. The Suffragist, vol. VIII, no. 8, September 1920. NWP Records, Manuscript Division, Library of Congress (125.00.00)
  • “36 Star Pin.” Red on white on blue pinback button with thirty-six white stars surrounding the number “36.” On loan from Smithsonian’s National Museum of American History (124.01.00)
  • National Photo Co. When Tennessee the 36th State Ratified, Aug 18, 1920, Alice Paul, National Chairman of the Woman’s Party, Unfurled the Ratification Banner from Suffrage Headquarters. Photograph. NWP Records, Manuscript Division, Library of Congress (124.00.00)
  • “Laud Women Voters: Wilson’s Greeting to Suffragists Read by Colby at Meeting,” front page, Washington Post, August 27, 1920. Serial and Government Publications Division, Library of Congress (123.00.00)
  • “Colby Proclaims Woman Suffrage” front page, New York Times, August 27, 1920. Serial and Government Publications Division, Library of Congress (123.01.00)
  • Carrie Chapman Catt (receiving flowers) surrounded (left to right) by Mrs. John Blair, Governor Al Smith, Senator William M. Calder, Mary Garrett Hay, Mrs. Arthur Livermore, Harriet Taylor Upton, and Marjorie Shuler. Carrie Chapman Catt Papers, Manuscript Division, Library of Congress (126.00.00)
  • Mary Church Terrell (1863–1954) to Moorfield Storey [sic Morefield Story] (1845–1929), Carbon copy, October 27, 1920. Mary Church Terrell Papers, Manuscript Division, Library of Congress (129.00.00)
  • Harris & Ewing, photographer. Mary Church Terrell, between 1920 and 1940. Prints and Photographs Division, Library of Congress (130.00.00)
  • Mrs. Mary Church Terrell, One of our foremost scholars, thinkers, and orators . . . , 1926. Handbill.  Mary Church Terrell Papers, Manuscript Division, Library of Congress (130.09.00)
  • William Stephen Warren (1882–1968). “Attend to the Business of Citizenship Today.” Pencil sketch, ca. 1924, possibly drawn for the Cleveland News or the League of Women Voters. League of Women Voters Records, Manuscript Division, Library of Congress (131.00.00)
  • Alice Stone Blackwell (1857–1950). Delegate badge, National League of Women Voters, Baltimore, MD, April 20-30, 1922. On loan from the Smithsonian’s National Museum of American History. Initially from the NAWSA Records, Library of Congress (131.01.00)
  • F. S. (Fred S.) Biddle. Hallie Quinn Brown (1854–1949), educator and activist, cape draped on shoulder and wearing gloves. Xenia, Ohio, between 1875 and 1888. Prints and Photographs Division, Library of Congress (130.01.00)
  • Paul Tralles, photographer. Bust portrait of educator and activist, Fannie Barrier Williams (1855–1944). Washington, D.C., circa 1885. William Henry Richards Collection within the Robert H. McNeill Family Collections, Prints and Photographs Division, Library of Congress (130.02.00)
  • Nannie Helen Burroughs (1879–1961). Miss Nannie H. Burroughs, President, Nat’l. League of Rep. Colored Women, ca. 1920s. Reproduction from lantern slide. Nannie Helen Burroughs Papers, Prints and Photographs Division, Library of Congress (130.07.00)
  • National League of Republican Colored Women. Colored Women in Politics Questionnaire, completed by Elizabeth Jeter Greene, New London, Connecticut, ca. 1920. Nannie Helen Burroughs Papers, Manuscript Division, Library of Congress (130.06.00)
  • Joint Resolution, S.J. Res. 21 in the Senate of the United States (68th Cong., 1st Session), December 10, 1923. NWP Records, Manuscript Division, Library of Congress (133.00.00)
  • R. Baxter Blair (1881–n.d.), draftsman, and L. Philip Denoyer (1876–1964), geographer. “A39 Woman Suffrage,” in Hart American History Series, edited by Albert Bushnell Hart (1854–1943) with David Maydole Matteson (1871–1949). Chicago: Denoyer-Geppert Co., 1926. Geography and Map Division, Library of Congress (127.00.00)
  • H. L. Standley. Women for Congress Campaigners before the Arcade of the Broadmoor Hotel, Colorado Springs, Colorado, April 1926. Left to Right: Mrs. Stuart P. Dodge, Katherine Courtney, Lillian H. Kerr, Bertha W. Fowler, Margaret Whittemore, Mrs. Lawrence T. Grey, Mabel Vernon, Rowena Dashwood Graves, Caroline E. Spencer, Ernestine Parsons, and Eva Shannon. NWP Records, Manuscript Division, Library of Congress (135.00.00)

More To the Movement

  • Portrait of Harriet Forten Purvis (1810–1875), ca. 1870s. Illustration in The Life and Work of Susan B. Anthony by Ida Husted Harper. Indianapolis and Kansas City: The Bowen-Merrill Company, 1899. Edition donated by Carrie Chapman Catt. NAWSA Collection, Rare Book and Special Collections Division, Library of Congress
  • Portrait of Sarah Parker Remond (1826–1894). Courtesy of the Peabody Essex Museum. Photo by Kathy Tarantola.
  • Portrait of Mary Ann Shadd Cary (1823–1893). Courtesy of the Moorland-Spingarn Research Center, Howard University Archives, Howard University, Washington, D.C.
  • Portrait of Mabel Ping-Hua Lee (1896–1966). New-York Tribune, April 13, 1912. Chronicling America, National Endowment for the Humanities and the Library of Congress
  • Portrait of Adelina Otero-Warren (1881–1965). George Grantham Bain Collection, Prints and Photographs Division, Library of Congress
  • Portrait of Zitkála-Šá (also known as Gertrude Bonnin) (1876–1938). Frontispiece in American Indian Stories. Lincoln and London: University of Nebraska Press, 1985, reprint of 1921 edition. General Collections, Library of Congress
  • Portrait of Anna Julia Cooper (1858–1964), between 1901 and 1903. C. M. Bell Collection, Prints and Photographs Division, Library of Congress
  • Portrait of Fannie Barrier Williams (1855–1944), ca. 1885. William Henry Richards Collection within the Robert H. McNeill Family Collections, Prints and Photographs Division, Library of Congress
  • Portrait of Nannie Helen Burroughs (1879–1961) and unidentified companion, ca. 1900. Nannie Helen Burroughs Collection, Prints and Photographs Division, Library of Congress
  • Underwood and Underwood. Portrait of Sofia de Veyra (1876–1953), Washington, D.C., January 28, 1921. NWP Records, Manuscript Division, Library of Congress
  • Delegation of Philippine women, including Sofia de Veyra, meeting with First Lady Florence Harding (both in front center of the group) at the White House, ca. 1922. Prints and Photographs Division, Library of Congress
  • Portrait of Milagros Benet de Newton (also spelled Mewton) (1868–n. d.), ca. 1922. National Photo Company Collection, Prints and Photographs Division, Library of Congress
  • Milagros Benet de Newton to Carrie Chapman Catt, February 10, 1920. NAWSA Records, Manuscript Division, Library of Congress
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