NINDS Brain and Spinal Tumors Information Page

What are Brain and Spinal Tumors?

Brain and spinal cord tumors are abnormal growths of tissue found inside the skull or the bony spinal column, which are the primary components of the central nervous system (CNS). Benign tumors are noncancerous, and malignant tumors are cancerous. The CNS is housed within rigid, bony quarters (i.e., the skull and spinal column), so any abnormal growth, whether benign or malignant, can place pressure on sensitive tissues and impair function. Tumors that originate in the brain or spinal cord are called primary tumors. Most primary tumors are caused by out-of-control growth among cells that surround and support neurons. In a small number of individuals, primary tumors may result from specific genetic disease (e.g., neurofibromatosis, tuberous sclerosis) or from exposure to radiation or cancer-causing chemicals. The cause of most primary tumors remains a mystery. They are not contagious and, at this time, not preventable. Symptoms of brain tumors include headaches, seizures, nausea and vomiting, vision or hearing problems, behavioral and cognitive problems, motor problems, and balance problems. Spinal cord tumor symptoms include pain, sensory changes, and motor problems. The first test to diagnose brain and spinal column tumors is a neurological examination. Special imaging techniques (computed tomography, and magnetic resonance imaging, positron emission tomography) are also employed. Laboratory tests include the EEG and the spinal tap. A biopsy, a surgical procedure in which a sample of tissue is taken from a suspected tumor, helps doctors diagnose the type of tumor.

Is there any treatment?

What is the prognosis?

What research is being done?

• Brain and Spinal Tumors: Hope Through Research
  
  Brain and spinal cord tumors information sheet compiled by the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS).
• Headache: Hope Through Research
  
  Information about headaches, including migraines, compiled by the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS).
• Tumor-Tracking Missiles: Researchers Develop a Possible New Treatment Strategy for Deadly Brain Tumors
  December 2002 news summary on a potential new treatment for glioma brain tumors.
• Genetic Analysis of Childhood Brain Tumors Improves Diagnosis And Predicts Survival
  March 2002 news summary on genetic analysis of childhood brain tumors.
• Brain Tumor Progress Review Group
  Information about the Brain Tumor Progress Review Group, a joint effort by NINDS and NCI to organize and prioritize a national agenda for brain tumor research