Superconductivity Publications

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AC Losses
AC Susceptibility
Applications
Critical Current
Electrical Contacts
High Temperature Superconductors
Instrumentation
Low Temperature Superconductors
Stress and Strain Effects
Theory

AC Losses

R. B. Goldfarb, L. F. Goodrich, T. Pyon, and E. Gregory, "Suppression of flux jumps in marginally stable niobium-tin superconductors," IEEE Transactions on Applied Superconductivity 11, 3679-3682 (2001).

© 2001 IEEE. Personal use of this material is permitted. However, permission to reprint/republish this material for advertising or promotional purposes or for creating new collective works for resale or redistribution to servers or lists, or to reuse any copyrighted component of this work in other works must be obtained from the IEEE.

R. B. Goldfarb and K. Itoh, "Reduction of interfilament contact loss in Nb 3 Sn superconductor wires," Journal of Applied Physics 75, 2115-2118 (1994).

© 1994 American Institute of Physics. This article may be downloaded for personal use only. Any other use requires prior permission of the author and the American Institute of Physics. http://link.aip.org/link/?jap/75/2115

R. W. Cross and R. B. Goldfarb, "Hall probe magnetometer for SSC magnet cables: effect of transport current on magnetization and flux creep," IEEE Transactions on Magnetics 27, 1796-1798 (1991).

© 1991 IEEE. Personal use of this material is permitted. However, permission to reprint/republish this material for advertising or promotional purposes or for creating new collective works for resale or redistribution to servers or lists, or to reuse any copyrighted component of this work in other works must be obtained from the IEEE.

R. B. Goldfarb and R. L. Spomer, "Magnetic characteristics and measurements of filamentary Nb-Ti wire for the superconducting super collider," Advances in Cryogenic Engineering 36, 215-222 (1990).

R. B. Goldfarb and A. F. Clark, "AC losses in Nb-Ti measured by magnetization and complex susceptibility," Advances in Cryogenic Engineering 32, 779-786 (1986).

R. B. Goldfarb and J. W. Ekin, "Hysteresis losses in fine filament internal-tin superconductors," Cryogenics 26, 478-481 (1986).

R. B. Goldfarb and A. F. Clark, "Magnetic hysteresis and complex susceptibility as measures of ac losses in a multifilamentary NbTi superconductor," IEEE Transactions on Magnetics 21, 332-335 (1985).

© 1985 IEEE. Personal use of this material is permitted. However, permission to reprint/republish this material for advertising or promotional purposes or for creating new collective works for resale or redistribution to servers or lists, or to reuse any copyrighted component of this work in other works must be obtained from the IEEE.

AC Susceptibility

T. Ishida, R. B. Goldfarb, A. B. Kos, and R. W. Cross, "Offset susceptibility of superconductors," Physical Review B 46, 12080-12083 (1992).

R. B. Goldfarb, M. Lelental, and C. A. Thompson, "Alternating-field susceptometry and magnetic susceptibility of superconductors," NISTIR 3977, (1992).

Contributions of NIST, not subject to copyright.

T. Ishida and R. B. Goldfarb, "Fundamental and harmonic susceptibilities of YBa 2 Cu 3 O 7-δ," Physical Review B 41, 8937-8948 (1990).

M. Nikolo and R. B. Goldfarb, "Flux creep and activation energies at the grain boundaries of Y-Ba-Cu-O superconductors," Physical Review B 39, 6615-6618 (1989).

D.-X. Chen, R. B. Goldfarb, J. Nogués, and K. V. Rao, "Magnetic susceptibility of sintered and powdered Y-Ba-Cu-O," Journal of Applied Physics 63, 980-983 (1988).

© 1988 American Institute of Physics. This article may be downloaded for personal use only. Any other use requires prior permission of the author and the American Institute of Physics. http://link.aip.org/link/?jap/63/980

R. B. Goldfarb, A. F. Clark, A. I. Braginski, and A. J. Panson, "Evidence for two superconducting components in oxygen-annealed single-phase Y-Ba-Cu-O," Cryogenics 27, 475-480 (1987).

Applications

L. F. Goodrich, T. C. Stauffer, J. D. Splett, and D. F. Vecchia, "Unexpected effect of field angle in magnetoresistance measurements of high-purity Nb," IEEE Transactions on Applied Superconductivity 15, 3616-3619 (2005).

© 2005 IEEE. Personal use of this material is permitted. However, permission to reprint/republish this material for advertising or promotional purposes or for creating new collective works for resale or redistribution to servers or lists, or to reuse any copyrighted component of this work in other works must be obtained from the IEEE.

J. W. Ekin, "Superconductors: An Emerging Power Technology," Gaseous Dielectrics X, (2004)

Critical Current

D C van der Laan and J.W. Ekin, "Dependence of the critical current of YBa2Cu3O7-d coated conductors on in-plane bending," Superconductor Science and Technology 21, 115002(6pp) (2008).

© 2008 Institute of Physics and IOP Publishing Limited. This article may be downloaded for personal use only. Any other use requires prior permission of the author and the Institute of Physics and IOP Publishing Limited. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0953-2048/21/11/115002

D. C. van der Laan, J. Schwartz, B. ten Haken and M. Dhallé, H. J. N. van Eck, "Limits to the critical current in Bi2Sr2Ca2Cu3Ox tape conductors: The parallel path model," Physical Review B 77, 104514 (2008).

L. F. Goodrich and J. D. Splett, "Current Ripple Effect on n-Value," IEEE Transactions on Applied Superconductivity 17, 2603-2606 (2007).

© 2007 IEEE. Personal use of this material is permitted. However, permission to reprint/republish this material for advertising or promotional purposes or for creating new collective works for resale or redistribution to servers or lists, or to reuse any copyrighted component of this work in other works must be obtained from the IEEE.

N. Cheggour, J. W. Ekin, and L. F. Goodrich, "Critical-Current Measurements on an ITER Nb3Sn Strand: Effect of Axial Tensile Strain," IEEE Transactions on Applied Superconductivity 17, 1366-1369 (2007).

L. F. Goodrich, N. Cheggour, J. W. Ekin, and T. C. Stauffer, "Critical-Current Measurements on ITER Nb3Sn Strands: Effect of Temperature," IEEE Transactions on Applied Superconductivity 17, 1398-1401 (2007).

L. F. Goodrich and T. C. Stauffer, "Variable-temperature critical-current measurements on a Nb3Sn wire," IEEE Transactions on Applied Superconductivity 15, 3356-3359 (2005).

B. Curé, B. Blau, D. Campi, L. F. Goodrich, I. L. Horvath, F. Kircher, R. Liikamaa, J. Seppälä, R. P. Smith, J. Teuho, and L. Vieillard, "The superconducting strand for the CMS solenoid conductor," IEEE Transactions on Applied Superconductivity 12, 1014-1017 (2002).

© 2002 IEEE. Personal use of this material is permitted. However, permission to reprint/republish this material for advertising or promotional purposes or for creating new collective works for resale or redistribution to servers or lists, or to reuse any copyrighted component of this work in other works must be obtained from the IEEE.

L. F. Goodrich and T. C. Stauffer, "Hysteresis in transport critical-current measurements of oxide superconductors," Journal of Research of the National Institute of Standards and Technology 106, 657-690 (2001).

Not subject to copyright.

L. F. Goodrich and T. C. Stauffer, "Hysteresis in transport critical-current measurements of oxide superconductors," IEEE Transactions on Applied Superconductivity 11, 3234-3237 (2001).

L. F. Goodrich, L. T. Medina, and T. C. Stauffer, "High critical-current measurements in liquid and gaseous helium," Advances in Cryogenic Engineering 44, 873-880 (1998).

H. Wada, L. F. Goodrich, and H. J. J. ten Kate, "VAMAS activities for standardization of measurement methods for superconducting materials," Proceedings of the 10th International Symposium on Superconductivity, 1417-1423 (1998).

L. F. Goodrich, L. T. Medina, and T. C. Stauffer, "Repeatability of critical-current measurements on Nb 3 Sn and Nb-Ti wires," IEEE Transactions on Applied Superconductivity 7, 1508-1511 (1997).

© 1997 IEEE. Personal use of this material is permitted. However, permission to reprint/republish this material for advertising or promotional purposes or for creating new collective works for resale or redistribution to servers or lists, or to reuse any copyrighted component of this work in other works must be obtained from the IEEE.

J. A. Wiejaczka and L. F. Goodrich, "Interlaboratory comparison on high-temperature superconductor critical-current measurements," Journal of Research of the National Institute of Standards and Technology 102, 29-52 (1997).

Not subject to copyright.

L. F. Goodrich, J. A. Wiejaczka, A. N. Srivastava, T. C. Stauffer, and L. T. Medina, "First VAMAS USA interlaboratory comparison of high temperature superconductor critical current measurements," IEEE Transactions on Applied Superconductivity 5, 552-555 (1995).

© 1995 IEEE. Personal use of this material is permitted. However, permission to reprint/republish this material for advertising or promotional purposes or for creating new collective works for resale or redistribution to servers or lists, or to reuse any copyrighted component of this work in other works must be obtained from the IEEE.

L. F. Goodrich, J. A. Wiejaczka, A. N. Srivastava, T. C. Stauffer, and L. T. Medina, "USA interlaboratory comparison of superconductor simulator critical current measurements," IEEE Transactions on Applied Superconductivity 5, 548-551 (1995).

L. F. Goodrich, J. A. Wiejaczka, and A. N. Srivastava, "Anomalous switching phenomenon in critical-current measurements when using conductive mandrels," IEEE Transactions on Applied Superconductivity 5, 3442-3444 (1995).

J. P. Voccio, A. J. Rodenbush, C. H. Joshi, J. W. Ekin, and S. L. Bray, "The effect of magnetic field orientation on the critical current of HTS conductor and coils," IEEE Transactions on Applied Superconductivity 5, 1822-1825 (1995).

L. F. Goodrich and A. N. Srivastava, "II-3: Critical current measurement methods: quantitative evaluation," Cryogenics 35, S19-S23 (1995).

L. F. Goodrich and A. N. Srivastava, "II-5: Thermal contraction of materials used in Nb 3 Sn critical current measurements," Cryogenics 35, S29-S32 (1995).

H. Kirchmayr and L. F. Goodrich, "V-6: Effects of temperature variation," Cryogenics 35, S99-S100 (1995).

L. F. Goodrich and A. N. Srivastava, "A simple and repeatable technique for measuring the critical current of Nb 3 Sn wires," Proceedings of the 7th International Workshop on Critical Currents in Superconductors, 609-612 (1994).

H. Wada, C. R. Walters, L. F. Goodrich, and K. Tachikawa, "VAMAS intercomparison of critical current measurements on Nb 3 Sn superconductors: a summary report," Cryogenics 34, 899-908 (1994).

D. Aized, J. W. Haddad, C. H. Joshi, L. F. Goodrich, and A. N. Srivastava, "Comparing the accuracy of critical-current measurements using the voltage-current simulator," IEEE Transactions on Magnetics 30, 2014-2017 (1994).

© 1994 IEEE. Personal use of this material is permitted. However, permission to reprint/republish this material for advertising or promotional purposes or for creating new collective works for resale or redistribution to servers or lists, or to reuse any copyrighted component of this work in other works must be obtained from the IEEE.

R. B. Goldfarb, R. W. Cross, L. F. Goodrich, and N. F. Bergen, "Magnetic measurement of transport critical current density of granular superconductors," Cryogenics 33, 3-7 (1993).

L. F. Goodrich, A. N. Srivastava, and T. C. Stauffer, "Standard reference devices for high temperature superconductor critical current measurements," Cryogenics 33, 1143-1148 (1993).

L. F. Goodrich, A. N. Srivastava, M. Yuyama, and H. Wada, "n-Value and second derivative of the superconductor voltage-current characteristic," IEEE Transactions on Applied Superconductivity 3, 1265-1268 (1993).

© 1993 IEEE. Personal use of this material is permitted. However, permission to reprint/republish this material for advertising or promotional purposes or for creating new collective works for resale or redistribution to servers or lists, or to reuse any copyrighted component of this work in other works must be obtained from the IEEE.

S. L. Bray, J. W. Ekin, and T. Kuroda, "Critical-current degradation in multifilamentary Nb 3 Al wires from transverse compressive and axial tensile stress," IEEE Transactions on Applied Superconductivity 3, 1338-1341 (1993).

L. F. Goodrich, "High T c superconductor voltage–current simulator and the pulse method of measuring critical current," Cryogenics 31, 720-727 (1991).

L. F. Goodrich, A. N. Srivastava, and T. C. Stauffer, "Simulators of superconductor critical current: design, characteristics, and applications," Journal of Research of the National Institute of Standards and Technology 96, 703-724 (1991).

Not subject to copyright.

L. F. Goodrich, J. Moreland, and A. Roshko, "Switching in high-T c superconductor current transport measurements," IEEE Transactions on Magnetics 27, 1194-1197 (1991).

L. F. Goodrich, S. X. Dou, H. K. Liu, Y. C. Guo, and C. C. Sorrell, "Critical currents in silver-sheathed (Bi,Pb) 2 Sr 2 Ca 2 Cu 3 O 10–γ superconducting tapes," Applied Physics Letters 59, 3171-3173 (1991).

© 1991 American Institute of Physics. This article may be downloaded for personal use only. Any other use requires prior permission of the author and the American Institute of Physics. http://link.aip.org/link/?apl/59/3171

J. W. Ekin, K. Salama, and V. Selvamanickam, "High-transport current desity up to 30 T in bulk YBa 2 Cu 3 O 7 and the critical angle effect," Applied Physics Letters 59, 360-362 (1991).

J. W. Ekin, "Effect of cable and strand twist-pitch coincidence on the critical current of flat, coreless superconductor cables," Applied Physics Letters 59, 2615-2617 (1991).

L. F. Goodrich and S. L. Bray, "High T c superconductors and critical current measurement," Cryogenics 30, 667-677 (1990).

J. W. Ekin, H. R. Hart, and A. R. Gaddipati, "Transport critical current of aligned polycrystalline Y 1 Ba 2 Cu 3 O 7–δ and evidence for a nonweak-linked component of intergranular current conduction," Journal of Applied Physics 68, 2285-2295 (1990).

© 1990 American Institute of Physics. This article may be downloaded for personal use only. Any other use requires prior permission of the author and the American Institute of Physics. http://link.aip.org/link/?jap/68/2285

L. F. Goodrich, S. L. Bray, and T. C. Stauffer, "Nb 3 Sn critical-current measurements using tubular fiberglass-epoxy mandrels," IEEE Transactions on Magnetics 25, 2375-2378 (1989).

© 1989 IEEE. Personal use of this material is permitted. However, permission to reprint/republish this material for advertising or promotional purposes or for creating new collective works for resale or redistribution to servers or lists, or to reuse any copyrighted component of this work in other works must be obtained from the IEEE.

K. Tachikawa, K. Itoh, H. Wada, D. Gould, H. Jones, C. R. Walters, L. F. Goodrich, J. W. Ekin, and S. L. Bray, "VAMAS intercomparison of critical current measurement in Nb 3 Sn wires," IEEE Transactions on Magnetics25, 2368-2374 (1989).

L. F. Goodrich and S. L. Bray, "Current capacity degradation in superconducting cable strands," IEEE Transactions on Magnetics 25, 1949-1952 (1989).

J. W. Ekin, "Offset criterion for determining superconductor critical current," Applied Physics Letters 55, 905-907 (1989).

© 1989 American Institute of Physics. This article may be downloaded for personal use only. Any other use requires prior permission of the author and the American Institute of Physics. http://link.aip.org/link/?apl/55/905

L. F. Goodrich and S. L. Bray, "Critical current measurements of Nb 3 Sn superconductors: NBS contribution to the VAMAS interlaboratory comparison," Cryogenics 29, 699-709 (1989).

L. F. Goodrich and S. L. Bray, "Integrity tests for high-T c and conventional critical-current measurement systems," Advances in Cryogenic Engineering 36A, 43-50 (1989).

Contributions of NIST, not subject to copyright.

L. F. Goodrich, S. L. Bray, and T. C. Stauffer, "Thermal contraction of fiberglass-epoxy sample holders used for Nb 3 Sn critical-current measurements," Advances in Cryogenic Engineering 36A, 117-124 (1989).

Contributions of NIST, not subject to copyright.

L. F. Goodrich and S. L. Bray, "Current ripple effect on superconductive d.c. critical current measurements," Cryogenics 28, 737-743 (1988).

J. W. Ekin, A. I. Braginski, A. J. Panson, M. A. Janocko, D. W. Capone II, N. J. Zaluzec, B. Flandermeyer, O. F. de Lima, M. Hong, J. Kwo, and S. H. Liou, "Evidence for weak link and anisotropy limitations on the transport critical current in bulk polycrystalline Y 1 Ba 2 Cu 3 O x," Journal of Applied Physics 62, 4821-4828 (1987).

© 1987 American Institute of Physics. This article may be downloaded for personal use only. Any other use requires prior permission of the author and the American Institute of Physics. http://link.aip.org/link/?jap/62/4821

L. F. Goodrich, W. P. Dube, E. S. Pittman, and A. F. Clark, "The effect of aspect ratio on critical current in multifilamentary superconductors," Advances in Cryogenic Engineering 32, 833-840 (1986).

L. F. Goodrich, D. F. Vecchia, E. S. Pittman, and A. F. Clark, "Critical current measurements on a NbTi superconducting wire standard reference material," Advances in Cryogenic Engineering 30, 953-960 (1984).

L. F. Goodrich, "The effect of field orientation on current transfer in multifilamentary superconductors," IEEE Transactions on Magnetics 19, 244-247 (1983).

© 1983 IEEE. Personal use of this material is permitted. However, permission to reprint/republish this material for advertising or promotional purposes or for creating new collective works for resale or redistribution to servers or lists, or to reuse any copyrighted component of this work in other works must be obtained from the IEEE.

L. F. Goodrich and F. R. Fickett, "Critical current measurements: a compendium of experimental results," Cryogenics 22, 225-242 (1982).

L. F. Goodrich, J. W. Ekin, and F. R. Fickett, "Effect of twist pitch on short-sample V-I characteristics of multifilamentary superconductors," Advances in Cryogenic Engineering 28, 571-580 (1982).

Electrical Contacts

Y. Xu and J. W. Ekin, "Tunneling characteristics and low-frequency noise of high- T c superconductor/noble-metal junctions," Physical Review B 69, 104515 (2004).

Y. Xu, J. W. Ekin, and C. C. Clickner, "Low-frequency noise of YBCO/Au junctions," IEEE Transactions on Applied Superconductivity 9, 3990-3993 (1999).

© 1999 IEEE. Personal use of this material is permitted. However, permission to reprint/republish this material for advertising or promotional purposes or for creating new collective works for resale or redistribution to servers or lists, or to reuse any copyrighted component of this work in other works must be obtained from the IEEE.

Y. Xu, J. W. Ekin, S. E. Russek, R. Fiske, C. C. Clickner, I. Takeuchi, Z. Trajanovic, T. Venkatesan, and C. T. Rogers, "A-axis YBa 2 Cu 3 O 7–δ /Au interface conductance-voltage characteristics," IEEE Transactions on Applied Superconductivity 7, 2836-2839 (1997).

J. W. Ekin, C. C. Clickner, S. E. Russek, and S. C. Sanders, "Oxygen annealing of ex-situ YBCO/Ag thin-films interfaces," IEEE Transactions on Applied Superconductivity 5, 2400-2403 (1995).

L. F. Goodrich, A. N. Srivastava, T. C. Stauffer, A. Roshko, and L. R. Vale, "High current pressure contacts to Ag pads on thin film superconductors," IEEE Transactions on Applied superconductivity 4, 61-64 (1994).

J. W. Ekin, S. E. Russek, C. C. Clickner, and B. Jeanneret, " In situ noble metal YBa 2 Cu 3 O 7 thin-film contacts," Applied Physics Letters 62, 369-371 (1993).

© 1993 American Institute of Physics. This article may be downloaded for personal use only. Any other use requires prior permission of the author and the American Institute of Physics. http://link.aip.org/link/?apl/62/369

J. W. Ekin, T. M. Larson, N. F. Bergren, A. J. Nelson, A. B. Swartziander, L. L. Kazmerski, A. J. Panson, and B. A. Blankenship, "High Tc superconductor/noble-metal contacts with surface resistivities in the 10-10 Ω cm2 range," Applied Physics Letters 52, 1819-1821 (1988).

J. W. Ekin, A. J. Panson, and B. A. Blankenship, "Method for making low-resistivity contacts to high Tc superconductors," Applied Physics Letters 52, 331-333 (1988).

High Temperature Superconductors

D. C. van der Laan and J. W. Ekin, "Large intrinsic effect of axial strain on the critical current of hightemperature superconductors for electric power applications," Applied Physics Letters 90, 052506 (2007).

© 2007 American Institute of Physics. This article may be downloaded for personal use only. Any other use requires prior permission of the author and the American Institute of Physics. http://link.aip.org/link/?apl/52/331

C.C. Clickner a,*, J.W. Ekin a, N. Cheggour a, C.L.H. Thieme b, Y. Qiao c,Y.-Y. Xie c, A. Goyal d, "Mechanical properties of pure Ni and Ni-alloy substrate materials for Y–Ba–Cu–O coated superconductors," Cyrogenics C 46, 432-438 (June 2006).

Y.-Y. Xie, A. Knoll, Y. Chen, Y. Li, X. Xiong, Y. Qiao, P. Hou, J. Reeves, T. Salagaj, K. Lenseth, L. Civale, B. Maiorov, Y. Iwasa, V. Solovyov, M. Suenaga, N. Cheggour, C. Clickner, J. W. Ekin, C. Weber, V. Selvamanickam, "Progress in scale-up of second-generation high-temperature superconductors at SuperPower Inc," Physica C 426-431, 849-857 (2005).

J. W. Ekin, S. L. Bray, N. Cheggour, C. C. Clickner, S. R. Foltyn, P. N. Arendt, A. A. Polyanski, D. C. Larbalestier, and C. N. McCowan, "Transverse stress and fatigue effects in Y-Ba-Cu-O coated IBAD tapes," IEEE Transactions on Applied Superconductivity 11, 3389-3392 (2001).

J. W. Ekin, Y. Xu, S. Mao, T. Venkatesan, D. W. Face, M. Eddy, and S. A. Wolf, "Correlation between d -wave pairing behavior and magnetic-field-dependent zero-bias conductance peak," Physical Review B56, 13746-13749 (1997).

A. Roshko, S. E. Russek, K. A. Trott, S. C. Sanders, M. E. Johansson, J. S. Martens, and D. Zhang, "Effects of etching on the morphology and surface resistance of YBa 2 Cu 3 O 7–δ films," IEEE Transactions on Applied Superconductivity 5, 1733-1736 (1995).

S. C. Sanders, S. E. Russek, C. C. Clickner, and J. W. Ekin, "Evidence for tunneling and magnetic scattering at in situ YBCO/noble-metal interfaces," IEEE Transactions on Applied Superconductivity 5, 2404-2407 (1995).

A. Roshko, L. F. Goodrich, D. A. Rudman, R. Moerman, and L. R. Vale, "Magnetic flux pinning in epitaxial YBa 2 Cu 3 O 7–δ thin films," Journal of Electronic Materials 24, 1919-1922 (1995).

S. C. Sanders, S. E. Russek, C. C. Clickner, and J. W. Ekin, "Insulating boundary layer and magnetic scattering in YBa 2 Cu 3 O 7–δ /Ag interfaces over a contact resistivity range of 10^-8 - 10^-3Ω cm^2," Applied Physics Letters 65, 2232-2234 (1994).

S. E. Russek, S. C. Sanders, A. Roshko, and J. W. Ekin, "Surface degradation of superconducting YBa 2 Cu 3 O 7–δ thin films," Applied Physics Letters 64, 3649-3651 (1994).

R. B. Goldfarb, R. W. Cross, L. F. Goodrich, and N. F. Bergen, "Magnetic measurement of transport critical current density of granular superconductors," Cryogenics 33, 3-7 (1993).

D. Shi, Z. Wang, S. Sengupta, M. Smith, L. F. Goodrich, S. X. Dou, H. K. Liu, and Y. C. Guo, "Critical current density, irreversibility line, and flux creep activation energy in silver-sheathed Bi 2 Sr 2 Ca 2 Cu 3 O x superconducting tapes," IEEE Transactions on Applied Superconductivity 3, 1194-1196 (1993).

A. Roshko, D. A. Rudman, L. R. Vale, L. F. Goodrich, J. Moreland, and H. L. Beck, "Influence of deposition parameters on properties of laser ablated YBa 2 Cu 3 O 7–δ films," IEEE Transactions on Applied Superconductivity 3, 1590-1593 (1993).

J. Moreland, P. Rice, S. E. Russek, B. Jeanneret, A. Roshko, R. H. Ono, and D. A. Rudman, "Scanning tunneling microscopy of the surface morphology of YBa 2 Cu 3 O x thin films between 300 and 76 K," Applied Physics Letters 59, 3039 (1991).

S. E. Russek, B. Jeanneret, D. A. Rudman, and J. W. Ekin, "Properties of YBa 2 Cu 3 O 7–γ thin films grown on off-axis-cut MgO substrates," IEEE Transactions on Magnetics27, 931-934 (1991).

B. H. Moeckly, D. K. Lathrop, S. E. Russek, R. A. Buhrman, M. G. Norton, and C. B. Carter, "Growth and properties of YBa 2 Cu 3 O 7 thin films on non-lattice-matched and polycrystalline substrates," IEEE Transactions on Magnetics 27, 1017-1020 (1991).

D. K. Lathrop, B. H. Moeckly, S. E. Russek, and R. A. Buhrman, "Transport properties of high-angle grain boundary weak links in YBa 2 Cu 3 O 7 thin films," Applied Physics Letters 58, 1095-1097 (1991).

D. K. Lathrop, S. E. Russek, B. H. Moeckly, D. Chamberlain, L. Pesenson, R. A. Buhrman, D. H. Shin, and J. Silcox, "Josephson-like properties of YBa 2 Cu 3 O 7 thin film weak links," IEEE Transactions on Magnetics 27, 3203-3208 (1991).

R. H. Ono, L. F. Goodrich, J. A. Beall, M. E. Johanasson, and C. D. Reintsema, "Magnetic field dependence of the critical current anisotropy in normal metal-YBa 2 Cu 3 O 7–δ thin-film bilayers," Applied Physics Letters 58, 1205-1207 (1991).

B. H. Moeckly, S. E. Russek, D. K. Lathrop, R. A. Buhrman, M. G. Norton, and C. B. Carter, "Growth and properties of YBa 2 Cu 3 O 7 thin films on vicinal and polycrystalline MgO substrates," Applied Physics Letters 57, 2951-2953 (1990).

B. H. Moeckly, S. E. Russek, D. K. Lathrop, R. A. Buhrman, J. Li, and J. W. Mayer, "Growth of YBa 2 Cu 3 O 7 thin films on MgO: the effect of substrate preparation," Applied Physics Letters 57, 1687-1689 (1990).

S. E. Russek, D. K. Lathrop, B. H. Moeckly, R. A. Buhrman, D. H. Shin, and J. Silcox, "Scaling behavior of YBa 2 Cu 3 O 7–δ thin-film weak links," Applied Physics Letters 57, 1155-1157 (1990).

D. H. Shin, J. Silcox, S. E. Russek, D. K. Lathrop, B. Moeckly, and R. A. Buhrman, "Clean grain boundaries and weak links in high T C superconducting YBa 2 Cu 3 O 7–x thin films," Applied Physics Letters 57, 508-510 (1990).

K. Tanabe, D. K. Lathrop, S. E. Russek, and R. A. Buhrman, "Epitaxial Y-Ba-Cu-O thin films on MgO deposited by high-pressure reactive magnetron sputtering," Journal of Applied Physics 66, 3148-3153 (1989).

D. K. Lathrop, S. E. Russek, K. Tanabe, and R. A. Buhrman, "YBa2Cu3O7 thin films grown by high pressure reactive evaporation and high pressure reactivesputtering," IEEE Transactions on Magnetics 25, 2218-2225 (1989).

R. L. Peterson, and J. W. Ekin, "Josephson-junction model of critical current in granular Y 1 Ba 2 Cu 3 O 7 – δ superconductors ," Physical Review B 37, 9848-9851 (1988).

D. K. Lathrop, S. E. Russek, and R. A. Buhrman, "Production of YBa 2 Cu 3 O 7–γ superconducting thin films in situ by high-pressure reactive evaporation and rapid thermal annealing," Applied Physics Letters 51, 1554-1556 (1987).

P. E. Sulewski, T. W. Noh, J. T. McWhirter, A. J. Sievers, S. E. Russek, R. A. Buhrman, C. S. Jee, J. E. Crow, R. E. Salomon, and G. Myer, "Free-carrier relaxation dynamics in the normal state of sintered YBa 2 Cu 3 O 7–y," Physical Review B 36, 2357-2360 (1987).

P. E. Sulewski, A. J. sievers, S. E. Russek, H. D. Hallen, D. K. Lathrop, and R. A. Buhrman, "Measurement of the superconducting energy gap in La-Ba-Cu oxide and La-Sr-Cu oxide," Physical Review B 35, 5330-5333 (1987).

Instrumentation

M. L. Schneider, Th. Gerrits, A. B. Kos, and T. J. Silva, "Experimental determination of the inhomogeneous contribution to linewidth in Permalloy films using a time-resolved magneto-optic Kerr effect microprobe," Journal of Applied Physics 102, 053910 (2007).

C. Conery, L. F. Goodrich, and T. C. Stauffer, "More diamagnetism demonstration," The Physics Teacher 41, 74-75 (2003).

© 2003 American Institute of Physics. This article may be downloaded for personal use only. Any other use requires prior permission of the author and the American Institute of Physics. http://link.aip.org/link/?pte/41/74

P. E. Kirkpatrick, J. W. Ekin, S. L. Bray, "A flexible high-current lead for use in high-magnetic-field cryogenic environments," Review of Scientific Instruments 70, 3338-3340 (1999).

© 1999 American Institute of Physics. This article may be downloaded for personal use only. Any other use requires prior permission of the author and the American Institute of Physics. http://link.aip.org/link/?rsi/70/3338

L. F. Goodrich and A. N. Srivastava, "Software techniques to improve data reliability in superconductor and low-resistance measurements," Journal of Research of the National Institute of Standards and Technology 95, 575-589 (1990).

Not subject to copyright.

S. L. Bray and L. F. Goodrich, "Current supply for high-Tc superconductor testing," Measurement Science and Technology 1, 491-494 (1990).

S. L. Bray, L. F. Goodrich, and W. P. Dubé, "Battery-powered current supply for superconductor measurements," Review of Scientific Instruments 60, 261-264 (1988).

W. P. Dubé and L. F. Goodrich, "Quench detector circuit for superconductor testing," Review of Scientific Instruments 57, 680-682 (1985).

© 1985 American Institute of Physics. This article may be downloaded for personal use only. Any other use requires prior permission of the author and the American Institute of Physics. http://link.aip.org/link/?rsi/57/680

Low Temperature Superconductors

N. N. Martovetsky, P. Bruzzone, B. Stepanov, R. Wesche, C.-Y. Gung, J. V. Minervini, M. Takayasu, L. F. Goodrich, J. W. Ekin, and A. Nijhuis, "Effect of conduit material on CICC performance under high cycling loads," IEEE Transactions on Applied Superconductivity 15, 1367-1370 (2005).

M. Takayasu, R. G. Ballinger, R. B. Goldfarb, A. A. Squitieri, P. J. Lee, and D. C. Larbalestier, "Multifilamentary Nb 3 Sn wires reacted in hydrogen gas," Advances in Cryogenic Engineering 48, 986-993 (2002).

© 2002 American Institute of Physics. This article may be downloaded for personal use only. Any other use requires prior permission of the author and the American Institute of Physics. http://link.aip.org/link/?apc/614/986

E. Gregory, E. Gulko, T. Pyon, and L. F. Goodrich, "Improvements in the properties of internal-tin Nb 3 Sn strands," Proceedings of the 16th International Cryogenic Materials Conference, 1715-1718 (1997).

Contributions of the National Institute of Standards and Technology, not subject to copyright.

E. Gregory, E. Gulko, T. Pyon, and L. F. Goodrich, "Properties of internal-tin Nb 3 Sn strand for the international thermonuclear experimental reactor," Advances in Cryogenic Engineering 42, 1319-1328 (1996).

R. W. Cross and R. B. Goldfarb, "Enhanced flux creep in Nb-Ti superconductors after an increase in temperature," Applied Physics Letters 58, 415-416 (1991).

L. F. Goodrich, E. S. Pittman, J. W. Ekin, and R. M. Scanlan, "Studies of NbTi strands extracted from coreless rutherford cables," IEEE Transactions on Magnetics 23, 1642-1645 (1987).

© 1987 IEEE. Personal use of this material is permitted. However, permission to reprint/republish this material for advertising or promotional purposes or for creating new collective works for resale or redistribution to servers or lists, or to reuse any copyrighted component of this work in other works must be obtained from the IEEE.

Stress and Strain Effects

N Cheggour, L F Goodrich, T C Stauffer, J D Splett, X F Lu, A K Ghosh, and G Ambrosio, "Influence of Ti and Ta doping on the irreversible strain limit of ternary Nb₃Sn superconducting wires made by the restacked-rod process*," Supercond. Sci. and Tech. 23, 052002 (2010).

D. C. van der Laan, T. J. Haugan, and P. N. Barnes, “Effect of a Compressive Uniaxial Strain on the Critical Current Density of Grain Boundaries in Superconducting YBa₂Cu₃O_7-δ Films,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 103, 027005 (July 2009).
© 2009 The American Physical Society.http://link.aps.org/doi/10.1103/PhysRevLett.103.027005

D. C. van der Laan, T. J. Haugan, P. N. Barnes, D. Abraimov, F. Kametani, D. C. Larbalestier, and M. W. Rupich, “The effect of strain on grains and grain boundaries in YBa₂Cu₃O_7-δ coated conductors,” Supercond. Sci. Tech. 23, 014004 (January 2010).
© 2007 IOP Publishing Ltd. doi:10.1088/0953-2048/23/1/014004

N. Cheggour, J. W. Ekin, C. L. H. Thieme, and Y. Xie, "Effect of fatigue under transverse compressive stress on slit Y-Ba-Cu-O coated conductors," IEEE Transactions on Applied Superconductivity 17, 3063-3066 (2007).
© 2007 IEEE. Personal use of this material is permitted. However, permission to reprint/republish this material for advertising or promotional purposes or for creating new collective works for resale or redistribution to servers or lists, or to reuse any copyrighted component of this work in other works must be obtained from the IEEE.

D. C. van der Laan, J. W. Ekin, C. C. Clickner and T. C. Stauffer, "Delamination strength of YBCO coated conductors under transverse tensile stress," Superconductivity Science and Technology 20, 765-770 (2007).
© 2010 IOP Publishing Ltd. doi:10.1088/0953-2048/20/8/007

D. C. Hurley, M. Kopycinska-Müller, E. D. Langlois, A. B. Kos, and N. Barbosa III, "Mapping substrate/film adhesion with contact-resonance-frequency atomic force microscopy," Applied Physics letters 89, 021911 (2006).

© 2006 American Institute of Physics. This article may be downloaded for personal use only. Any other use requires prior permission of the author and the American Institute of Physics. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.2221404

D. C. van der Laan, J. W. Ekin, C. L. H. Thieme, D. T. Verebelyi, H. J. N. van Eck, M. Dhallé, B. ten Haken, M. W. Davidson and J. Schwartz, "Effect of tensile strain on grain connectivity and flux pinning in Bi2Sr2Ca2Cu3Ox tapes," Applied Physics letters 88, 022511 (2006).

D C Hurley, M Kopycinska-Müller, A B Kos and R H Geiss, "Nanoscale elastic-property measurements and mapping using atomic force acoustic microscopy methods" Measurement Science and Technology 16, 2167–2172 (2005).

N. Cheggour, J. W. Ekin, Y.-Y. Xie, V. Selvamanickam, C. L. H. Thieme, and D. T. Verebelyi, "Enhancement of the irreversible axial-strain limit of Y-Ba-Cu-O-coated conductors with the addition of a Cu layer," Applied Physics letters 87, 212505 (2005).

© 2005 American Institute of Physics. This article may be downloaded for personal use only. Any other use requires prior permission of the author and the American Institute of Physics. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.2136231

N. Cheggour, J. W. Ekin, C. L. H. Thieme, Y.-Y. Xie, V. Selvamanickam, and R. Feenstra, "Reversible axial-strain effect in Y–Ba–Cu–O coated conductors," Superconductor Science and Technology 18, S319-S324 (2005).

© 2005 Institute of Physics and IOP Publishing Limited. This article may be downloaded for personal use only. Any other use requires prior permission of the author and the Institute of Physics and IOP Publishing Limited. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0953-2048/18/12/016

N. Cheggour, J. W. Ekin, and C. L. H. Thieme, "Magnetic-field dependence of the reversible axial-strain effect in Y-Ba-Cu-O coated conductors," IEEE Transactions on Applied Superconductivity 15, 3577-3580 (2005).

J. W. Ekin, N. Cheggour, M. Abrecht, C. Clickner, M. Field, S. Hong, J. Parrell, and Y. Zhang, "Compressive pre-strain in high-niobium-fraction Nb3Sn superconductors," IEEE Transactions on Applied Superconductivity 15, 3560-3563 (2005).

N. Cheggour, J. W. Ekin, C. C. Clickner, D. T. Verebelyi, C. L. H. Thieme, R. Feenstra and A. Goyal, "Reversible axial-strain effect and extended strain limits in Y-Ba-Cu-O coatings on deformation-textured substrates," Applied Physics letters 83, 4223-4225 (2003).

N. Cheggour, J.W. Ekin, C. C. Clickner, D. T. Verebelyi, C. L. H. Thieme, R. Feenstra, A. Goyal, and M. Paranthaman, "Transverse compressive stress effect in Y-Ba-Cu-O coatings on biaxially textured Ni and Ni-W substrates," IEEE Transactions on Applied Superconductivity 13, 3530-3533 (2003).

© 2003 IEEE. Personal use of this material is permitted. However, permission to reprint/republish this material for advertising or promotional purposes or for creating new collective works for resale or redistribution to servers or lists, or to reuse any copyrighted component of this work in other works must be obtained from the IEEE.

N. Cheggour, J. W. Ekin, C. C. Clickner, R. Feenstra, A. Goyal, M. Paranthaman, D. F. Lee, D. M. Kroeger, and D. K. Christen, "Transverse compressive stress, fatigue, and magnetic substrate effects on the critical current density of Y-Ba-Cu-O coated RABiTS tapes," Advances in Cryogenic Engineering 48, 461-468 (2002).

S. L. Bray, J. W. Ekin, C. C. Clickner, and L. J. Masur, "Transverse compressive stress effects on the critical current of Bi-2223/Ag tapes reinforced with pure Ag and oxide-dispersion-strengthened Ag," Journal of Applied Physics 88, 1178-1180 (2001).

© 2001 American Institute of Physics. This article may be downloaded for personal use only. Any other use requires prior permission of the author and the American Institute of Physics. http://link.aip.org/link/?jap/88/1178

S. L. Bray, J. W. Ekin, and R. Sesselmann, "Tensile measurements of the modulus of elasticity of Nb 3 Sn at room temperature and 4 K," IEEE Transactions on Applied Superconductivity 7, 1451-1454 (1997).

J. W. Ekin, D. K. Finnemore, Q. Li, J. Tenbrink, and W. Carter, "Effect of axial strain on the critical current of Ag-sheathed Bi-based superconductors in magnetic fields up to 25 T," Applied Physics Letters 61, 858-860 (1992).

© 1992 American Institute of Physics. This article may be downloaded for personal use only. Any other use requires prior permission of the author and the American Institute of Physics. http://link.aip.org/link/?apl/61/858

J. W. Ekin, S. L. Bray, and W. L. Bahn, "Effect of transverse stress on the critical current of bronze-process and internal-tin Nb 3 Sn," Journal of Applied Physics 69, 4436-4438 (1991).

S. L. Bray and J. W. Ekin, "Effect of room-temperature stress on the critical current of NbTi," Journal of Applied Physics 65, 684-687 (1989).

J. W. Ekin, "Effect of transverse compressive stress on the critical current and upper critical field of Nb 3 Sn," Journal of Applied Physics 62, 4829-4834 (1987).

D.C. van der Laan, T.J. Haugan and P.N. Barnes, "Effect of a Compressive Uniaxial Strain on the Critical Current Density of Grain Boundaries in Superconducting YBa₂Cu₃O_7-δ Films," Physical Review

Letters 103, 027005 (2009).

Theory

D.-X. Chen and R. B. Goldfarb, "Kim model for magnetization of type-II superconductors," Journal of Applied Physics 66, 2489-2500 (1989).

R. B. Goldfarb, "Internal fields in magnetic materials and superconductors," Cryogenics 26, 621-622 (1986).